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However, there is no data related to VD<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> metabolism in the ovary during PCOS. Herein, we investigated differences in the expression of VD<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> receptor (VDR) and key VD<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> metabolic enzymes, 1\u03b1-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) and 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1), in the ovary and periovarian adipose tissue (POAT) of control (proestrus and diestrus) and PCOS induced by letrozole rats. <jats:italic>Vdr<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Cyp27b1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cyp24a1<\/jats:italic> mRNA expression was determined, their protein abundance was examined and immunolocalized. Furthermore, VD<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> metabolite concentrations in plasma (25OHD) and tissues (ovary and POAT; 1,25(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>), and plasma calcium level were determined. 25OHD concentration decreased markedly in letrozole-treated rats in comparison with controls, whereas calcium concentration did not vary among the examined groups. The amount of 1,25(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> decreased in both ovary and POAT of PCOS rats. In the ovary, we found decreased <jats:italic>Cyp27b1<\/jats:italic> and increased <jats:italic>Vdr<\/jats:italic> mRNA expression in letrozole-treated and diestrus control group. Corresponding protein abundances were down-regulated and up-regulated, respectively but only following letrozole treatment. In POAT, only <jats:italic>Cyp27b1<\/jats:italic> transcript level and CYP27B1 protein abundance were decreased in letrozole-treated rats. VDR was immunolocalized in healthy and cystic follicles, while CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 were found exclusively in healthy ones. Concluding, our results provide the first evidence of disrupted VD<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> metabolism in the ovary and POAT of PCOS rats. The reduced 1,25(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> concentration in those tissues suggests their contribution to VD<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> deficiency observed in PCOS and might implicate in PCOS pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-020-01928-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T08:03:43Z","timestamp":1611129823000},"page":"101-116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Altered vitamin D3 metabolism in the ovary and periovarian adipose tissue of rats with letrozole-induced PCOS"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"155","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2972-1755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Grzesiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Burzawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrycja","family":"Kurowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaudia","family":"Blaszczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Szlaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4017-2988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Blasiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8377-7100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Sechman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9572-7151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Rak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1928_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2016.08.004","volume":"165","author":"MA Abbas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abbas MA (2017) Physiological functions of vitamin D in adipose tissue. 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