{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:51:39Z","timestamp":1790146299335,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"deutsche forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MU 3118\/8-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MU 3118\/8-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"bundesministerium f\u00fcr bildung und forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Lungenforschung"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Lungenforschung"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Histochem Cell Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The pulmonary vasculature consists of a large arterial and venous tree with a vast alveolar capillary network (ACN) in between. Both conducting blood vessels and the gas-exchanging capillaries are part of important human lung diseases, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, pulmonary hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Morphological tools to investigate the different parts of the pulmonary vasculature quantitatively and in three dimensions are crucial for a better understanding of the contribution of the blood vessels to the pathophysiology and effects of lung diseases. In recent years, new stereological methods and imaging techniques have expanded the analytical tool box and therefore the conclusive power of morphological analyses of the pulmonary vasculature. Three of these developments are presented and discussed in this review article, namely (1) stereological quantification of the number of capillary loops, (2) serial block-face scanning electron microscopy of the ACN and (3) labeling of branching generations in light microscopic sections based on arterial tree segmentations of micro-computed tomography data sets of whole lungs. The implementation of these approaches in research work requires expertise in lung preparation, multimodal imaging at different scales, an advanced IT infrastructure and expertise in image analysis. However, they are expected to provide important data that cannot be obtained by previously existing methodology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-021-02013-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T13:04:10Z","timestamp":1626440650000},"page":"83-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Stereology and three-dimensional reconstructions to analyze the pulmonary vasculature"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"156","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7827-4867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"M\u00fchlfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2013_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2021-0004OC","author":"SV Appuhn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Appuhn SV, Siebert S, Myti D, Wrede C, Surate Solaligue DE, P\u00e9rez-Bravo D, Brandenberger C, Schipke J, Morty RE, Grothausmann R, M\u00fchlfeld C (2021) Capillary changes precede disordered alveolarization in a mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1165\/rcmb.2021-0004OC (epub ahead of print)","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2013_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12063","volume":"2","author":"SF Barr\u00e9","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barr\u00e9 SF, Haberth\u00fcr D, Stampanoni M, Schittny JC (2014) Efficient estimation of the total number of acini in adult rat lung. Physiol Rep 2:e12063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14814\/phy2.12063","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"2013_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/s0074-7696(08)62497-3","volume":"161","author":"JF Bertram","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bertram JF (1995) Analyzing renal glomeruli with the new stereology. Int Rev Cytol 161:111\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0074-7696(08)62497-3","journal-title":"Int Rev Cytol"},{"key":"2013_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L521","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.1993.265.6.L521","volume":"265","author":"RP Bolender","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bolender RP, Hyde DM, Dehoff RT (1993) Lung morphometry: a new generation of tools and experiments for organ, tissue, cell, and molecular biology. Am J Physiol 265:L521\u2013L548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplung.1993.265.6.L521","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2013_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-020-01868-8","volume":"155","author":"E Borisova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Borisova E, Lovric G, Miettinen A, Fardin L, Bayat S, Larsson A, Stampanoni M, Schittny JC, Schlep\u00fctz CM (2021) Micrometer-resolution X-ray tomographic full-volume reconstruction of an intact post-mortem juvenile rat lung. Histochem Cell Biol 155:215\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00418-020-01868-8","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"2013_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-015-0110-8","volume":"12","author":"C Brandenberger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brandenberger C, Ochs M, M\u00fchlfeld C (2015) Assessing particle and fiber toxicology in the respiratory system: the stereology toolbox. Part Fibre Toxicol 12:35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12989-015-0110-8","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol"},{"key":"2013_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Buchacker T, M\u00fchlfeld C, Wrede C, Wagner WL, Beare R, McCormick M, Grothausmann R (2019) Assessment of the alveolar capillary network in the postnatal mouse lung in 3D using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy. Front Physiol 10:1357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2019.01357","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01357"},{"key":"2013_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3109\/01902148509061528","volume":"9","author":"S Bur","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bur S, Bachofen H, Gehr P, Weibel ER (1985) Lung fixation by airway instillation: effects on capillary hematocrit. Exp Lung Res 9:57\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/01902148509061528","journal-title":"Exp Lung Res"},{"key":"2013_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091800109","volume":"180","author":"PH Burri","year":"1974","unstructured":"Burri PH (1974) The postnatal growth of the rat lung. 3. Morphology Anat Rec 180:77\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.1091800109","journal-title":"Morphology Anat Rec"},{"key":"2013_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092280107","volume":"228","author":"PH Burri","year":"1990","unstructured":"Burri PH, Tarek MR (1990) A novel mechanism of capillary growth in the rat pulmonary microcirculation. Anat Rec 228:35\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.1092280107","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"2013_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008930","volume":"17","author":"EA Chadwick","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chadwick EA, Suzuki T, George MG, Romero DA, Amon C, Waddell TK, Karoubi G, Bazylak A (2021) Vessel network extraction and analysis of mouse pulmonary vasculature via X-ray micro-computed tomographic imaging. Plos Comput Biol 17:e1008930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008930","journal-title":"Plos Comput Biol"},{"key":"2013_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/s1084-2756(02)00193-8","volume":"8","author":"JJ Coalson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Coalson JJ (2003) Pathology of new bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Semin Neonatol 8:73\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1084-2756(02)00193-8","journal-title":"Semin Neonatol"},{"key":"2013_CR12","first-page":"121","volume":"145","author":"LM Cruz-Orive","year":"1987","unstructured":"Cruz-Orive LM (1987) Particle number can be estimated using a disector of unknown thickness: the selector. J Microsc 145:121\u2013142","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"key":"2013_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.71.5.1886","volume":"71","author":"P Davies","year":"1991","unstructured":"Davies P, Reid L (1991) Hypoxic remodeling of the rat pulmonary arterial microcirculation assessed by microdissection. J Appl Physiol 71:1886\u20131891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1991.71.5.1886","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2013_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2006.12.011","volume":"82","author":"P Dockery","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dockery P, Fraher J (2007) The quantification of vascular beds: a stereological approach. Exp Mol Pathol 82:110\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yexmp.2006.12.011","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"key":"2013_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-007-0684-x","volume":"103","author":"JC Eisele","year":"2008","unstructured":"Eisele JC, Schaefer IM, Randel Nyengaard J, Post H, Liebetanz D, Br\u00fcel A, M\u00fchlfeld C (2008) Effect of voluntary exercise on number and volume of cardiomyocytes and their mitochondria in the mouse left ventricle. Basic Res Cardiol 103:12\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00395-007-0684-x","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"key":"2013_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1159\/000350177","volume":"85","author":"L Farkas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Farkas L, Kolb M (2013) Vascular repair and regeneration as a therapeutic target for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Respiration 85:355\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000350177","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"2013_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1969.26.4.472","volume":"26","author":"YC Fung","year":"1969","unstructured":"Fung YC, Sobin SS (1969) Theory of sheet flow in lung alveoli. J Appl Physiol 26:472\u2013488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1969.26.4.472","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2013_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(78)90104-4","volume":"32","author":"P Gehr","year":"1978","unstructured":"Gehr P, Bachofen M, Weibel ER (1978) The normal human lung: ultrastructure and morphometric estimation of diffusion capacity. Respir Physiol 32:121\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0034-5687(78)90104-4","journal-title":"Respir Physiol"},{"key":"2013_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(81)90077-3","volume":"44","author":"P Gehr","year":"1981","unstructured":"Gehr P, Mwangi DK, Ammann A, Maloiy GM, Taylor CR, Weibel ER (1981) Design of the mammalian respiratory system. V. Scaling morphometric pulmonary diffusing capacity to body mass: wild and domestic mammals. Respir Physiol 44:61\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0034-5687(81)90077-3","journal-title":"Respir Physiol"},{"key":"2013_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091690205","volume":"169","author":"J Gil","year":"1971","unstructured":"Gil J, Weibel ER (1971) Extracellular lining of bronchioles after perfusion-fixation of rat lungs for electron microscopy. Anat Rec 169:185\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.1091690205","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"2013_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2014.03.005","volume":"183","author":"T Graulich","year":"2014","unstructured":"Graulich T, Das SK, Wessels L, Kummer W, Hoefler G, M\u00fchlfeld C (2014) Effects of Lewis lung carcinoma and B16 melanoma on the innervation of the mouse trachea. Auton Neurosci 183:106\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autneu.2014.03.005","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"2013_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00120.2017","volume":"123","author":"B Grimmer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grimmer B, Kuebler WM (2017) The endothelium in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. J Appl Physiol (1985) 123:1635\u20131646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00120.2017","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"2013_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L243","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00326.2016","volume":"312","author":"R Grothausmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grothausmann R, Knudsen L, Ochs M, M\u00fchlfeld C (2017) Digital 3D reconstructions using histological serial sections of lung tissue including the alveolar capillary network. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 312:L243\u2013L257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplung.00326.2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"2013_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-020-01946-x","volume":"155","author":"R Grothausmann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grothausmann R, Labode J, Hernandez-Cerdan P, Haberth\u00fcr D, Hlushchuk R, Lobachev O, Brandenberger C, Gie AG, Salaets T, Toelen J, Wagner WL, M\u00fchlfeld C (2021) Combination of \u00b5CT and light microscopy for generation-specific stereological analysis of pulmonary arterial branches: a proof-of-concept study. Histochem Cell Biol 155:227\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00418-020-01946-x","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"2013_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1977.tb00062.x","volume":"111","author":"HJ Gundersen","year":"1977","unstructured":"Gundersen HJ (1977) Notes on the estimation of the numerical density of arbitrary profiles. J Microsc 111:219\u2013223","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"key":"2013_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1986.tb02764.x","volume":"143","author":"HJ Gundersen","year":"1986","unstructured":"Gundersen HJ (1986) Stereology of arbitrary particles. A review of unbiased number and size estimators and the presentation of some new ones, in memory of William R. Thompson. J Microsc 143:3\u201345","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"key":"2013_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1988.tb04609.x","volume":"151","author":"HJ Gundersen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gundersen HJ (1988) The nucleator. J Microsc 151:3\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1988.tb04609.x","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"key":"2013_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2818.2002.01054.x","volume":"207","author":"HJ Gundersen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gundersen HJ (2002) The smooth fractionator. J Microsc 207:191\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2818.2002.01054.x","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"key":"2013_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1987.tb02837.x","volume":"147","author":"HJ Gundersen","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gundersen HJ, Jensen EB (1987) The efficiency of systematic sampling in stereology and its prediction. J Microsc 147:229\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1987.tb02837.x","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"key":"2013_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(93)90144-y","volume":"14","author":"HJ Gundersen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gundersen HJ, Boyce RW, Nyengaard JR, Odgaard A (1993) The Conneulor: unbiased estimation of connectivity using physical disectors under projection. Bone 14:217\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/8756-3282(93)90144-y","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2013_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F493","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00099.2017","volume":"314","author":"R Hlushchuk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hlushchuk R, Zubler C, Barr\u00e9 S, Correa Shokiche C, Schaad L, R\u00f6thlisberger R, Wnuk M, Daniel C, Khoma O, Tschanz SA, Reyes M, Djonov V (2018) Cutting-edge microangio-CT: new dimensions in vascular imaging and kidney morphometry. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 314:F493\u2013F499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.00099.2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"2013_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.42.5.593","volume":"42","author":"K Horsfield","year":"1978","unstructured":"Horsfield K (1978) Morphometry of the small pulmonary arteries in man. Circ Res 42:593\u2013597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.res.42.5.593","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2013_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.030676","volume":"547","author":"K Howell","year":"2003","unstructured":"Howell K, Preston RJ, McLoughlin P (2003) Chronic hypoxia causes angiogenesis in addition to remodelling in the adult pulmonary circulation. J Physiol 547:133\u2013145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.030676","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2013_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L1042","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.90327.2008","volume":"296","author":"K Howell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Howell K, Costello CM, Sands M, Dooley I, McLoughlin P (2009) L-Arginine promotes angiogenesis in the chronically hypoxic lung: a novel mechanism ameliorating pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 296:L1042\u2013L1050. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplung.90327.2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"2013_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200809-1522ST","volume":"181","author":"Hsia CC, Hyde DM, Ochs M, Weibel ER; ATS\/ERS Joint Task Force on Quantitative Assessment of Lung Structure","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hsia CC, Hyde DM, Ochs M, Weibel ER; ATS\/ERS Joint Task Force on Quantitative Assessment of Lung Structure (2010) An official research policy statement of the American thoracic society\/European respiratory society: standards for quantitative assessment of lung structure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 181:394\u2013418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200809-1522ST","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2013_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.20012","volume":"277","author":"DM Hyde","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hyde DM, Tyler NK, Putney LF, Singh P, Gundersen HJ (2004) Total number and mean size of alveoli in mammalian lung estimated using fractionator sampling and unbiased estimates of the Euler characteristic of alveolar openings. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 277:216\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.a.20012","journal-title":"Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol"},{"key":"2013_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.76.2.882","volume":"76","author":"ZL Jiang","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jiang ZL, Kassab GS, Fung YC (1994) Diameter-defined Strahler system and connectivity matrix of the pulmonary arterial tree. J Appl Physiol 76:882\u2013892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1994.76.2.882","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2013_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L868","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.1999.276.5.L868","volume":"276","author":"JR Klinger","year":"1999","unstructured":"Klinger JR, Warburton RR, Pietras LA, Smithies O, Swift R, Hill NS (1999) Genetic disruption of atrial natriuretic peptide causes pulmonary hypertension in normoxic and hypoxic mice. Am J Physiol 276:L868\u2013L874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplung.1999.276.5.L868","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2013_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-020-01927-0","volume":"155","author":"L Knudsen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Knudsen L, Brandenberger C, Ochs M (2021) Stereology as the 3D tool to quantitate lung architecture. Histochem Cell Biol 155:163\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00418-020-01927-0","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"2013_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20747","volume":"292","author":"J Knust","year":"2009","unstructured":"Knust J, Ochs M, Gundersen HJ, Nyengaard JR (2009) Stereological estimates of alveolar number and size and capillary length and surface area in mice lungs. Anat Rec (hoboken) 292:113\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.20747","journal-title":"Anat Rec (hoboken)"},{"key":"2013_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1006\/jsbi.1996.0013","volume":"116","author":"JR Kremer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kremer JR, Mastronarde DN, McIntosh JR (1996) Computer visualization of three-dimensional image data using IMOD. J Struct Biol 116:71\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/jsbi.1996.0013","journal-title":"J Struct Biol"},{"key":"2013_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2818.2001.00933.x","volume":"203","author":"JP Kroustrup","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kroustrup JP, Gundersen HJ (2001) Estimating the number of complex particles using the ConnEulor principle. J Microsc 203:314\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2818.2001.00933.x","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"key":"2013_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091170208","volume":"117","author":"FN Low","year":"1953","unstructured":"Low FN (1953) The pulmonary alveolar epithelium of laboratory animals and man. Anat Rec 117:241\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.1091170208","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"2013_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00022.2004","volume":"85","author":"JN Maina","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maina JN, West JB (2005) Thin and strong! The bioengineering dilemma in the structural and functional design of the blood-gas barrier. Physiol Rev 85:811\u2013844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00022.2004","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2013_CR45","first-page":"86","volume":"57","author":"G Mall","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mall G, Schikora I, Mattfeldt T, Bodle R (1987) Dipyridamole-induced neoformation of capillaries in the rat heart. Quantitative stereological study on papillary muscles. Lab Invest 57:86\u201393","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"2013_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.05.010","volume":"29","author":"TM Mayhew","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mayhew TM (2008) Taking tissue samples from the placenta: an illustration of principles and strategies. Placenta 29:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.05.010","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2013_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L205","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00427.2012","volume":"305","author":"C M\u00fchlfeld","year":"2013","unstructured":"M\u00fchlfeld C, Ochs M (2013) Quantitative microscopy of the lung: a problem-based approach. Part 2: stereological parameters and study designs in various diseases of the respiratory tract. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 305:L205\u2013L221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplung.00427.2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"2013_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2013.09.002","volume":"196","author":"C M\u00fchlfeld","year":"2014","unstructured":"M\u00fchlfeld C, Ochs M (2014) Measuring structure\u2014what\u2019s the point in counting? Ann Anat 196:1\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aanat.2013.09.002","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"key":"2013_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01013.2009","volume":"108","author":"C M\u00fchlfeld","year":"2010","unstructured":"M\u00fchlfeld C, Papadakis T, Krasteva G, Nyengaard JR, Hahn U, Kummer W (2010a) An unbiased stereological method for efficiently quantifying the innervation of the heart and other organs based on total length estimations. J Appl Physiol (1985) 108:1402\u20131409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01013.2009","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"2013_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.21158","volume":"293","author":"C M\u00fchlfeld","year":"2010","unstructured":"M\u00fchlfeld C, Weibel ER, Hahn U, Kummer W, Nyengaard JR, Ochs M (2010b) Is length an appropriate estimator to characterize pulmonary alveolar capillaries? A critical evaluation in the human lung. Anat Rec (hoboken) 293:1270\u20131275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.21158","journal-title":"Anat Rec (hoboken)"},{"key":"2013_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020424","volume":"6","author":"C M\u00fchlfeld","year":"2011","unstructured":"M\u00fchlfeld C, Das SK, Heinzel FR, Schmidt A, Post H, Schauer S, Papadakis T, Kummer W, Hoefler G (2011) Cancer induces cardiomyocyte remodeling and hypoinnervation in the left ventricle of the mouse heart. PLoS ONE 6:e20424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0020424","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2013_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-016-2534-3","volume":"367","author":"C Nardiello","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nardiello C, Mi\u017e\u00edkov\u00e1 I, Morty RE (2017a) Looking ahead: where to next for animal models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia? Cell Tissue Res 367:457\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00441-016-2534-3","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"2013_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.027086","volume":"10","author":"C Nardiello","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nardiello C, Mi\u017e\u00edkov\u00e1 I, Silva DM, Ruiz-Camp J, Mayer K, Vad\u00e1sz I, Herold S, Seeger W, Morty RE (2017b) Standardisation of oxygen exposure in the development of mouse models for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Dis Model Mech 10:185\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dmm.027086","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"key":"2013_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1051100","volume":"10","author":"JR Nyengaard","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nyengaard JR (1999) Stereological methods and their application in kidney research. J Am Soc Nephrol 10:1100\u20131123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.V1051100","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2013_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1993.tb03356.x","volume":"171","author":"JR Nyengaard","year":"1993","unstructured":"Nyengaard JR, Marcussen N (1993) The number of glomerular capillaries estimated by an unbiased and efficient stereological method. J Microsc 171:27\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1993.tb03356.x","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"key":"2013_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.2006.01587.x","volume":"222","author":"M Ochs","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ochs M (2006) A brief update on lung stereology. J Microsc 222:188\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2818.2006.01587.x","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"key":"2013_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1159\/000272061","volume":"25","author":"M Ochs","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ochs M (2010) The closer we look the more we see? Quantitative microscopic analysis of the pulmonary surfactant system. Cell Physiol Biochem 25:27\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000272061","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"2013_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2013.10.004","volume":"196","author":"M Ochs","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ochs M (2014) Estimating structural alterations in animal models of lung emphysema. Is there a gold standard? Ann Anat 196:26\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aanat.2013.10.004","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"key":"2013_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L15","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00429.2012","volume":"305","author":"M Ochs","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ochs M, M\u00fchlfeld C (2013) Quantitative microscopy of the lung: a problem-based approach. Part 1: basic principles of lung stereology. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 305:L15-22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplung.00429.2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"2013_CR60","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Fishman\u2019s pulmonary diseases and disorders","author":"M Ochs","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ochs M, Weibel ER (2008) Functional design of the human lung for gas exchange. In: Fishman AP, Elias JA, Fishman JA, Grippi MA, Senior RM, Pack AI (eds) Fishman\u2019s pulmonary diseases and disorders, 4th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 23\u201369","edition":"4"},{"key":"2013_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200308-1107OC","volume":"169","author":"M Ochs","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ochs M, Nyengaard JR, Jung A, Knudsen L, Voigt M, Wahlers T, Richter J, Gundersen HJ (2004) The number of alveoli in the human lung. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 169:120\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200308-1107OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2013_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-016-1502-z","volume":"146","author":"M Ochs","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ochs M, Knudsen L, Hegermann J, Wrede C, Grothausmann R, M\u00fchlfeld C (2016) Using electron microscopes to look into the lung. Histochem Cell Biol 146:695\u2013707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00418-016-1502-z","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"2013_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.164.59","volume":"164","author":"T Ohara","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ohara T, Ogata H, Tezuka F (1991) Histological study of pulmonary vasculature in fatal cases of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Tohoku J Exp Med 164:59\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1620\/tjem.164.59","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"2013_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2013.04.007","volume":"196","author":"VG Puelles","year":"2014","unstructured":"Puelles VG, Douglas-Denton RN, Cullen-McEwen L, McNamara BJ, Salih F, Li J, Hughson MD, Hoy WE, Nyengaard JR, Bertram JF (2014) Design-based stereological methods for estimating numbers of glomerular podocytes. Ann Anat 196:48\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aanat.2013.04.007","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"key":"2013_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/jmi.12022","volume":"250","author":"A Rasmusson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rasmusson A, Hahn U, Larsen JO, Gundersen HJG, Jensen EBV, Nyengaard JR (2013) The spatial rotator. J Microsc 250:88\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jmi.12022","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"key":"2013_CR66","first-page":"57","volume":"26","author":"W Scherle","year":"1970","unstructured":"Scherle W (1970) A simple method for volumetry of organs in quantitative stereology. Mikroskopie 26:57\u201360","journal-title":"Mikroskopie"},{"key":"2013_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12151","volume":"224","author":"J Schipke","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schipke J, Mayhew TM, M\u00fchlfeld C (2014) Allometry of left ventricular myocardial innervation. J Anat 224:518\u2013526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joa.12151","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"2013_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-016-2545-0","volume":"367","author":"JC Schittny","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schittny JC (2017) Development of the lung. Cell Tissue Res 367:427\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00441-016-2545-0","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"2013_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-018-1749-7","volume":"150","author":"JC Schittny","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schittny JC (2018) How high resolution 3-dimensional imaging changes our understanding of postnatal lung development. Histochem Cell Biol 150:677\u2013691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00418-018-1749-7","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"2013_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.08.050","volume":"130","author":"C Schmitz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schmitz C, Hof PR (2005) Design-based stereology in neuroscience. Neuroscience 130:813\u2013831","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2013_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L341","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00329.2013","volume":"306","author":"JP Schneider","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schneider JP, Ochs M (2014) Alterations of mouse lung tissue dimensions during processing for morphometry: a comparison of methods. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 306:L341-350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplung.00329.2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"2013_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201810-1866LE","volume":"199","author":"JP Schneider","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schneider JP, Wrede C, Hegermann J, Weibel ER, M\u00fchlfeld C, Ochs M (2019) On the topological complexity of human alveolar epithelial type 1 cells. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 199:1053\u20131056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201810-1866LE","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2013_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.26.3.397","volume":"26","author":"SS Sobin","year":"1970","unstructured":"Sobin SS, Tremer HM, Fung YC (1970) Morphometric basis of the sheet-flow concept of the pulmonary alveolar microcirculation in the cat. Circ Res 26:397\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.res.26.3.397","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2013_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1984.tb02501.x","volume":"134","author":"DC Sterio","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sterio DC (1984) The unbiased estimation of number and sizes of arbitrary particles using the disector. J Microsc 134:127\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1984.tb02501.x","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"key":"2013_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1029\/TR038i006p00913","volume":"38","author":"AN Strahler","year":"1957","unstructured":"Strahler AN (1957) Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. Trans Am Geophys Union 38:913\u2013920","journal-title":"Trans Am Geophys Union"},{"key":"2013_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c100026","volume":"1","author":"T Tajsic","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tajsic T, Morrell NW (2011) Smooth muscle cell hypertrophy, proliferation, migration and apoptosis in pulmonary hypertension. Compr Physiol 1:295\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c100026","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"2013_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0127-7","volume":"5","author":"B Th\u00e9baud","year":"2019","unstructured":"Th\u00e9baud B, Goss KN, Laughon M, Whitsett JA, Abman SH, Steinhorn RH, Aschner JL, Davis PG, McGrath-Morrow SA, Soll RF, Jobe AH (2019) Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Nat Rev Dis Primers 5:78. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-019-0127-7","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2013_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1975.111.6.803","volume":"111","author":"WM Thurlbeck","year":"1975","unstructured":"Thurlbeck WM (1975) Postnatal growth and development of the lung. Am Rev Respir Dis 111:803\u2013844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/arrd.1975.111.6.803","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2013_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2013.04.011","volume":"196","author":"S Tschanz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tschanz S, Schneider JP, Knudsen L (2014) Design-based stereology: planning, volumetry and sampling are crucial steps for a successful study. Ann Anat 196:3\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aanat.2013.04.011","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"key":"2013_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-016-2539-y","volume":"367","author":"RM Tuder","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tuder RM (2017) Pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. Cell Tissue Res 367:643\u2013649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00441-016-2539-y","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"2013_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.5.9709050","volume":"157","author":"RJ van Suylen","year":"1998","unstructured":"van Suylen RJ, Smits JF, Daemen MJ (1998) Pulmonary artery remodeling differs in hypoxia- and monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157:1423\u20131428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.157.5.9709050","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2013_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00855.2012","volume":"114","author":"DM Vasilescu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vasilescu DM, Klinge C, Knudsen L, Yin L, Wang G, Weibel ER, Ochs M, Hoffman EA (2013) Stereological assessment of mouse lung parenchyma via nondestructive, multiscale micro-CT imaging validated by light microscopic histology. J Appl Physiol (1985) 114:716\u2013724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00855.2012","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"2013_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00803.2019","volume":"128","author":"DM Vasilescu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vasilescu DM, Phillion AB, Kinose D, Verleden SE, Vanaudenaerde BM, Verleden GM, Van Raemdonck D, Stevenson CS, Hague CJ, Han MK, Cooper JD, Hackett TL, Hogg JC (2020) Comprehensive stereological assessment of the human lung using multiresolution computed tomography. J Appl Physiol (1985) 128:1604\u20131616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00803.2019","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"2013_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1946.tb00389.x","volume":"153","author":"US Von Euler","year":"1946","unstructured":"Von Euler US, Liljestrand G (1946) Observations on the pulmonary arterial blood pressure in the cat. Acta Physiol Scand 153:301\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1946.tb00389.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"2013_CR85","first-page":"178","volume":"6","author":"B Wang","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wang B, Cui S, Liu X, Li C, Qiu H, Shi J, Li T (1991) A morphological study of primary pulmonary hypertension\u2014an analysis of six autopsy cases. Chin Med Sci J 6:178\u2013181","journal-title":"Chin Med Sci J"},{"key":"2013_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1159\/000143605","volume":"78","author":"ER Weibel","year":"1971","unstructured":"Weibel ER (1971) The mystery of \u201cnon-nucleated plates\u201d in the alveolar epithelium of the lung explained. Acta Anat 78:425\u2013443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000143605","journal-title":"Acta Anat"},{"key":"2013_CR87","first-page":"375","volume":"139","author":"ER Weibel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Weibel ER (2009) What makes a good lung? Swiss Med Wkly 139:375\u2013386","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"2013_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-016-2541-4","volume":"367","author":"ER Weibel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weibel ER (2017) Lung morphometry: the link between structure and function. Cell Tissue Res 367:413\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00441-016-2541-4","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"2013_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.05.025","volume":"101","author":"N Weissmann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Weissmann N, Gerigk B, Kocer O, Nollen M, Hackemack S, Ghofrani HA, Schermuly RT, Butrous G, Schulz A, Roth M, Seeger W, Grimminger F (2007) Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension: different impact of iloprost, sildenafil, and nitric oxide. Respir Med 101:2125\u20132132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.05.025","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2013_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1998.tb01395.x","volume":"106","author":"BM Wiebe","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wiebe BM, Laursen H (1998) Lung morphometry by unbiased methods in emphysema: bronchial and blood vessel volume, alveolar surface area and capillary length. APMIS 106:651\u2013656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1998.tb01395.x","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"2013_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2006.apm_508.x","volume":"114","author":"BM Wiebe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wiebe BM, Burton CM, Milman N, Iversen M, Andersen CB (2006) Morphometric examination of native lungs in human lung allograft recipients. APMIS 114:795\u2013804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2006.apm_508.x","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"2013_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L1286","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00410.2014","volume":"309","author":"A Willf\u00fchr","year":"2015","unstructured":"Willf\u00fchr A, Brandenberger C, Piatkowski T, Grothausmann R, Nyengaard JR, Ochs M, M\u00fchlfeld C (2015) Estimation of the number of alveolar capillaries by the Euler number (Euler-Poincar\u00e9 characteristic). Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 309:L1286\u2013L1293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplung.00410.2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"2013_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00674.2010","volume":"109","author":"A Wirkes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wirkes A, Jung K, Ochs M, M\u00fchlfeld C (2010) Allometry of the mammalian intracellular pulmonary surfactant system. J Appl Physiol (1985) 109:1662\u20131669. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00674.2010","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"}],"container-title":["Histochemistry and Cell Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00418-021-02013-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00418-021-02013-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00418-021-02013-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T05:10:11Z","timestamp":1630041011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00418-021-02013-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00418-021-02013-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0948-6143","1432-119X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0948-6143","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-119X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 July 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The author declares that he does not have a conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}