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Oxidative stress plays an essential role in producing male infertility by inducing defects in sperm functions. We aimed to investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial injury in the pathogenesis of aluminum chloride (AlCl<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>)-induced testicular and epididymal damage at the histological, biochemical, and molecular levels, and to assess the potential protective role of taurine. Forty-eight adult male albino rats were separated into four groups (12 in each): negative control, positive control, AlCl<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, and AlCl<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> plus taurine groups. Testes and epididymis were dissected. Histological and immunohistochemical (Bax and vimentin) studies were carried out. Gene expression of <jats:italic>vimentin<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>PCNA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CHOP<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bcl-2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bax<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>XBP1<\/jats:italic> were investigated via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), besides estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Light and electron microscopic examinations of the testes and epididymis revealed pathological changes emphasizing both mitochondrial injury and ER stress in the AlCl<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> group. Taurine-treated rats showed a noticeable improvement in the testicular and epididymal ultrastructure. Moreover, they exhibited increased gene expression of <jats:italic>vimentin<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bcl-2<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>PNCA<\/jats:italic> accompanied by decreased <jats:italic>CHOP<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bax<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>XBP1<\/jats:italic> gene expression. In conclusion, male reproductive impairment is a significant hazard associated with AlCl<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> exposure. Both ER stress and mitochondrial impairment are critical mechanisms of the deterioration in the testes and epididymis induced by AlCl<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, but taurine can amend this.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-022-02111-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T08:17:23Z","timestamp":1651738643000},"page":"97-121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial injury are critical molecular drivers of AlCl3-induced testicular and epididymal distortion and dysfunction: protective role of taurine"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Hanaa A.","family":"Khalaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayman Z.","family":"Elsamanoudy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salwa M.","family":"Abo-Elkhair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3985-8931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatma E.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Passant M.","family":"Mohie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatma M.","family":"Ghoneim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2111_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2478\/10004-1254-64-2013-2322","volume":"64","author":"AM Abdel-Moneim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abdel-Moneim AM (2013) Effects of taurine against histomorphological and ultrastructural changes in the testes of mice exposed to aluminium chloride. 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