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We examined whether T2DM alters fibre morphology, intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content, and three-dimensional (3D) capillary architecture across functionally distinct muscles. Postural (splenius capitis [SC]), respiratory (diaphragm [DIA]; external intercostal [EXT]), and locomotor (vastus lateralis [VL]) muscles from adult male individuals\u00a0(T2DM versus control,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200924\/group) were sampled\u2009&lt;\u200924\u00a0h post-mortem. Analysis included myosin heavy chain fibre typing, Sudan Black B intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) quantification, and 3D capillary morphometry (length, tortuosity, anisotropy, branching density). Groups were age-matched (T2DM 70.8\u2009\u00b1\u20097.4 versus 69.7\u2009\u00b1\u200911.8\u00a0years;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u20090.684), but body mass index (BMI) was higher in T2DM (31.9\u2009\u00b1\u20094.7 versus 24.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.7\u00a0kg\u00a0m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Fibre-type profiles were similar, except for elevated 2a\/2x\u2009hybrids in T2DM VL (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.014). Mean fibre diameters were preserved, though type 1 fibres were larger in T2DM SC (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0238). IMCL was higher in T2DM SC and EXT (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), with non-significant differences in VL and DIA. Type 1 and 2a fibres had higher IMCL than glycolytic fibres, with no group-by-fibre-type interaction. BMI strongly predicted VL IMCL (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), while age was negatively associated with IMCL in respiratory muscles (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.05). Capillary length per fibre volume was selectively reduced in DIA (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0115); other indices were preserved, except for higher anisotropy in EXT (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0495). Overall, these functionally diverse muscles showed subtle muscle-specific remodelling in T2DM, with adiposity-linked IMCL accumulation and reduced DIA capillary supply, although findings should be interpreted in the context of the post-mortem study.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-026-02477-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T08:12:19Z","timestamp":1775463139000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Fibre morphology, intramyocellular lipid content and 3D capillary architecture in human postural, respiratory and locomotor muscles in type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"164","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3429-4441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nata\u0161a","family":"Pollak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0286-4999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji\u0159\u00ed","family":"Jan\u00e1\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0448-4351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franti\u0161ek","family":"Saudek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4414-5928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Cvetko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5869-539X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbora","family":"Radochov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8016-7537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armin","family":"Alibegovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4143-369X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiedozie Kenneth","family":"Ugwoke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7852-9771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide Alessandro","family":"Basello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2454-6592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u017diga","family":"\u0160ink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3418-0348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luka","family":"Pu\u0161nik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6379-9516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rok Tit","family":"Tomazin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5831-2216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nejc","family":"Umek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2477_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12124","volume":"6","author":"CS Andreassen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Andreassen CS, Jensen JM, Jakobsen J et\u00a0al (2014) Striated muscle fiber size, composition, and capillary density in diabetes in relation to neuropathy and muscle strength. 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