{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T03:25:04Z","timestamp":1773977104185,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,4]],"date-time":"2017-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486166400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Occup Environ Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-017-1204-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,4]],"date-time":"2017-02-04T15:33:04Z","timestamp":1486222384000},"page":"411-421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Victimization from workplace bullying after a traumatic event: time-lagged relationships with symptoms of posttraumatic stress"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Morten Birkeland","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianne Skogbrott","family":"Birkeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianne Bang","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stein","family":"Knardahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trond","family":"Heir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1204_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1027\/1016-9040.12.4.261","volume":"12","author":"VC Adoric","year":"2007","unstructured":"Adoric VC, Kvartuc T (2007) Effects of mobbing on justice beliefs and adjustment. Eur Psychol 12(4):261\u2013271","journal-title":"Eur Psychol"},{"key":"1204_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th\u00a0edn. American Psychiatric Publishing, Arlington","edition":"5"},{"issue":"1","key":"1204_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.24.1.52","volume":"24","author":"C Balducci","year":"2009","unstructured":"Balducci C, Alfano V, Fraccaroli F (2009) Relationships between mobbing at work and MMPI-2 personality profile, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and suicidal ideation and behavior. Violence Vict 24(1):52\u201367","journal-title":"Violence Vict"},{"issue":"8","key":"1204_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1177\/0018726708094863","volume":"61","author":"Y Baruch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baruch Y, Holtom BC (2008) Survey response rate levels and trends in organizational research. Hum Relat 61(8):1139\u20131160","journal-title":"Hum Relat"},{"key":"1204_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000006","author":"I Blix","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blix I, Birkeland MS, Hansen MB, Heir T (2015) Posttraumatic growth and centrality of event: a longitudinal study in the aftermath of the 2011 Oslo bombing. Psychol Trauma Theory Res Pract Policy. doi: 10.1037\/tra0000006","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma Theory Res Pract Policy"},{"issue":"5","key":"1204_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.91.5.998","volume":"91","author":"NA Bowling","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bowling NA, Beehr TA (2006) Workplace harassment from the victim\u2019s perspective: a theoretical model and meta analysis. J Appl Psychol 91(5):998\u20131012","journal-title":"J Appl Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1204_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1080\/02678373.2010.489635","volume":"24","author":"NA Bowling","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bowling NA, Beehr TA, Bennett MM, Watson CP (2010) Target personality and workplace victimization: a prospective analysis. Work Stress 24(2):140\u2013158","journal-title":"Work Stress"},{"key":"1204_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016908","author":"LA Brenner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brenner LA, Vanderploeg RD, Terrio H (2009) Assessment and diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury, posttraumatic stress disorder, and other polytrauma conditions: burden of adversity hypothesis. Rehabil Psychol. doi: 10.1037\/a0016908","journal-title":"Rehabil Psychol"},{"key":"1204_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-006X.68.5.74","volume":"68","author":"C Brewin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brewin C, Andrews B, Valentine J (2000) Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. J Consult Clin Psychol 68:748\u2013766. doi: 10.1037\/\/0022-006X.68.5.74","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1204_CR10","volume-title":"Handbook of posttraumatic growth: research & practice","author":"LG Calhoun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Calhoun LG, Tedeschi RG (2006) Handbook of posttraumatic growth: research & practice. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, Mahwah"},{"key":"1204_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/vivi.20.6.625","author":"AL Coker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Coker AL, Weston R, Creson DL, Justice B, Blakeney P (2005) PTSD symptoms among men and women survivors of intimate partner violence: the role of risk and protective factors. Violence Vict. doi: 10.1891\/vivi.20.6.625","journal-title":"Violence Vict"},{"issue":"3","key":"1204_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1080\/135943200417957","volume":"9","author":"I Coyne","year":"2000","unstructured":"Coyne I, Seigne E, Randall P (2000) Predicting workplace victim status from personality. Eur J Work Org Psychol 9(3):335\u2013349","journal-title":"Eur J Work Org Psychol"},{"key":"1204_CR13","unstructured":"Dallner M et al. (2000) Validation of the General Nordic Questionnaire (QPSNordic) for psychological and social factors at work. Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen"},{"issue":"1","key":"1204_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.843","volume":"31","author":"AH Lange de","year":"2005","unstructured":"de Lange AH, Taris TW, Kompier MAJ, Houtman ILD, Bongers PM (2005) Different mechanisms to explain the reversed effects of mental health on work characteristics. Scand J Work Env Health 31(1):3\u201314","journal-title":"Scand J Work Env Health"},{"key":"1204_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15325024.2011.572030","author":"D Edmondson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Edmondson D, Chaudoir SR, Mills MA, Park CL, Holub J, Bartkowiak JM (2011) From shattered assumptions to weakened worldviews: trauma symptoms signal anxiety buffer disruption. J Loss Trauma. doi: 10.1080\/15325024.2011.572030","journal-title":"J Loss Trauma"},{"key":"1204_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967%2899%2900123-0","author":"A Ehlers","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ehlers A, Clark DM (2000) A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behav Res Ther. doi: 10.1016\/S0005-7967%2899%2900123-0","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"1204_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1108\/01437729910268588","volume":"20","author":"S Einarsen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Einarsen S (1999) The nature and causes of bullying at work. Int J Manpower 20:16\u201327","journal-title":"Int J Manpower"},{"issue":"2","key":"1204_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-014-0944-7","volume":"88","author":"S Einarsen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Einarsen S, Nielsen MB (2015) Workplace bullying as an antecedent of mental health problems: a five-year prospective and representative study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 88(2):131\u2013142","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"1204_CR19","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Bullying and harassment in the workplace developments in theory, research, and practice","author":"S Einarsen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Einarsen S, Hoel H, Zapf D, Cooper CL (2011) The concept of bullying and harassment at work: the European tradition. In: Einarsen S, Hoel H, Zapf D, Cooper CL (eds) Bullying and harassment in the workplace developments in theory, research, and practice. 2nd\u00a0edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, p\u00a03\u201340","edition":"2"},{"issue":"1","key":"1204_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-8525.1992.tb00360.x","volume":"33","author":"RB Felson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Felson RB (1992) \u201ckick \u2018em when they\u2019re down\u201d: explanations of the relationships between stress and interpersonal aggression and violence. Sociol Quart 33(1):1\u201316","journal-title":"Sociol Quart"},{"issue":"4","key":"1204_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3156","volume":"37","author":"LB Finne","year":"2011","unstructured":"Finne LB, Knardahl S, Lau B (2011) Workplace bullying and mental distress\u2014a prospective study of Norwegian employees. Scand J Work Environ Health 37(4):276\u2013286","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1204_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/02678373.2013.877096","volume":"28","author":"MT Ford","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ford MT, Matthews RA, Wooldridge JD, Mishra V, Kakar UM, Strahan SR (2014) How do occupational stressor-strain effects vary with time? A review and meta-analysis of the relevance of time lags in longitudinal studies. Work Stress 28(1):9\u201330","journal-title":"Work Stress"},{"issue":"13","key":"1204_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa013404","volume":"346","author":"S Galea","year":"2002","unstructured":"Galea S et al (2002) Psychological sequelae of the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York City. N Engl J Med 346(13):982\u2013987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1204_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164498058006003","volume":"58","author":"DG Gardner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gardner DG, Cummings LL, Dunham RB, Pierce JL (1998) Single-item versus multiple-item measurement scales: an empirical comparison. Educ Psychol Measur 58:898\u2013915","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Measur"},{"issue":"3","key":"1204_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1108\/IJWHM-03-2013-0011","volume":"7","author":"S Gilbert","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gilbert S, Kelloway EK (2014) Using single items to measure job stressors. Int J Workplace Health Manag 7(3):186\u2013199","journal-title":"Int J Workplace Health Manag"},{"key":"1204_CR26","first-page":"166","volume-title":"Chapter: psychological theories of PTSD handbook of PTSD: science and practice","author":"SJ Gillihan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gillihan SJ, Cahill SP, Foa EB (2014) Chapter: psychological theories of PTSD handbook of PTSD: science and practice (2nd ed). Guilford Press, New York, p\u00a0166\u2013184","edition":"2"},{"key":"1204_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.58.110405.085530","volume":"60","author":"JW Graham","year":"2009","unstructured":"Graham JW (2009) Missing data analysis: making it work in the real world. Annu Rev Psychol 60:549\u2013576","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"1204_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(02)00205-0","volume":"17","author":"MJ Gray","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gray MJ, Pumphrey JE, Lombardo TW (2003) The relationship between dispositional pessimistic attributional style versus trauma-spesific attribution and PTSD symptoms. J Anxiety Disord 17:289\u2013303","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"1204_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/Bf01173686","volume":"5","author":"C Hammen","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hammen C, Krantz SE, Cochran SD (1981) Relationships between depression and causal attributions about stressful life events. Cognit Ther Res 5(4):351\u2013358. doi: 10.1007\/Bf01173686","journal-title":"Cognit Ther Res"},{"key":"1204_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-002692","author":"MB Hansen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hansen MB, Nissen A, Heir T (2013) Proximity to terror and post-traumatic stress: a follow-up survey of governmental employees after the 2011 Oslo bombing attack. BMJ open. doi: 10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-002692","journal-title":"BMJ open"},{"key":"1204_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hansen MB, Birkeland MS, Nissen A, Blix I, Solberg \u00d8, Heir T (In press) Prevalence and course of symptom-defined PTSD in individuals directly or indirectly exposed to terror - a longitudinal study. Psychiatry. doi: 10.1080\/00332747.2016.1230983","DOI":"10.1080\/00332747.2016.1230983"},{"key":"1204_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hem C, Hussain A, Wentzel-Larsen T, Heir T (2012) The Norwegian version of the PTSD checklist (PCL): construct validity in a community sample of 2004 tsunami survivors. Nordic J Psychiatry (0):1\u20135","DOI":"10.3109\/08039488.2012.655308"},{"issue":"3","key":"1204_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1002\/Job.689","volume":"32","author":"MS Hershcovis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hershcovis MS (2011) \u201cIncivility, social undermining, bullying ... oh my!\u201d: a call to reconcile constructs within workplace aggression research. J Organ Behav 32(3):499\u2013519. doi: 10.1002\/Job.689","journal-title":"J Organ Behav"},{"key":"1204_CR34","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Bullying and harassment in the workplace developments in theory, research, and practice","author":"A H\u00f8gh","year":"2011","unstructured":"H\u00f8gh A, Mikkelsen EG, Hansen \u00c5M (2011) Individual consequences of workplace bullying\/mobbing. In: Einarsen S, Hoel H, Zapf D, Cooper CL (eds) Bullying and harassment in the workplace developments in theory, research, and practice. 2nd\u00a0edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, p\u00a0107\u2013128","edition":"2"},{"issue":"4","key":"1204_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1037\/A0021000","volume":"15","author":"JM Hoobler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hoobler JM, Rospenda KM, Lemmon G, Rosa JA (2010) A within-subject longitudinal study of the effects of positive job experiences and generalized workplace harassment on well-being. J Occup Health Psychol 15(4):434\u2013451. doi: 10.1037\/A0021000","journal-title":"J Occup Health Psychol"},{"key":"1204_CR03","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hu L, Bentler PM (1999) Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Model 6:1\u201355. doi: 10.1080\/10705519909540118","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118"},{"key":"1204_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1521\/soco.1989.7.2.113","volume":"4","author":"R Janoff-Bulman","year":"1989","unstructured":"Janoff-Bulman R (1989) Assumptive worlds and the stress of traumatic events: applications of the schema construct. Social Cognit 4:113\u2013136","journal-title":"Social Cognit"},{"key":"1204_CR37","volume-title":"Shattered assumptions. Towards a new psychology of trauma","author":"R Janoff-Bulman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Janoff-Bulman R (1992) Shattered assumptions. Towards a new psychology of trauma. The Free Press, New York"},{"key":"1204_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.57.10.656","volume":"57","author":"M Kivim\u00e4ki","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kivim\u00e4ki M, Elovainio M, Vathera J (2000) Workplace bullying and sickness absence in hospital staff. Occup Environ Med 57:656\u2013660","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"1204_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.60.10.779","volume":"60","author":"M Kivim\u00e4ki","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kivim\u00e4ki M, Virtanen M, Vartia M, Elovainio M, Vathera J, Keltikangas-J\u00e4rvinen L (2003) Workplace bullying and the risk of cardiovascular disease and depression. Occup Environ Med 60:779\u2013783","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1204_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2010.115212","volume":"66","author":"E Lahelma","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lahelma E, Lallukka T, Laaksonen M, Saastamoinen P, Rahkonen O (2012) Workplace bullying and common mental disorders: a follow-up study. J Epidemiol Community Health 66(6):e3. doi: 10.1136\/jech.2010.115212","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"1204_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1037\/A0022463","volume":"96","author":"J Lang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lang J, Bliese PD, Lang JWB, Adler AB (2011) Work gets unfair for the depressed: cross-lagged relations between organizational justice perceptions and depressive symptoms. J Appl Psychol 96(3):602\u2013618. doi: 10.1037\/A0022463","journal-title":"J Appl Psychol"},{"key":"1204_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000219721.89552.51","volume":"17","author":"AJ Littman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Littman AJ, White E, Satia JA, Bowen DJ, Kristal AR (2006) Reliability and validity of 2 single-item measures of psychosocial stress. Epidemiology 17:398\u2013403","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"1204_CR43","unstructured":"Malinauskiene V, Einarsen S (2014) Workplace bullying and posttraumatic stress symptoms among family physicians in Lithuania: an occupation and region specific approach. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 27(6):919.932"},{"key":"1204_CR44","first-page":"335","volume":"32","author":"SB Matthiesen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Matthiesen SB, Einarsen S (2001) MMPI-2 configurations among victims of bullying at work. Eur J Work Org Psychol 32:335\u2013356","journal-title":"Eur J Work Org Psychol"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"1204_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2007.06.006","volume":"30","author":"C Mayhew","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mayhew C, Chappell D (2007) Workplace violence: an overview of patterns of risk and the emotional\/stress consequences on targets. Int J Law Psychiatry 30(4\u20135):327\u2013339","journal-title":"Int J Law Psychiatry"},{"key":"1204_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1080\/13594320143000816","volume":"10","author":"EG Mikkelsen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mikkelsen EG, Einarsen S (2001) Bullying in Danish worklife: prevalence and health correlates. Eur J Work Org Psychol 10:393\u2013414","journal-title":"Eur J Work Org Psychol"},{"key":"1204_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/13594320143000861","volume":"11","author":"EG Mikkelsen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mikkelsen EG, Einarsen S (2002) Basic assumptions and symptoms of post-traumatic stress among victims of bullying at work. Eur J Work Org Psychol 11:87\u201311","journal-title":"Eur J Work Org Psychol"},{"key":"1204_CR48","unstructured":"Mills MA et al. (2011) Shattered assumptions? A prospective study: the impact of trauma on global beliefs and adjustment. Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, Dissertation, Abstracts International"},{"key":"1204_CR01","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n B, Muth\u00e9n LK (1998\u20132013) Mplus (version 7.11). Muth\u00e9n & Muth\u00e9n, Los Angeles"},{"key":"1204_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1348\/096317902167658","volume":"75","author":"M Nagy","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nagy M (2002) Using a single-item approach to measure facet job satisfaction. J Occup Organ Psychol 75:77\u201386","journal-title":"J Occup Organ Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1204_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20229","volume":"34","author":"MB Nielsen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nielsen MB, Einarsen S (2008) Sampling in research on interpersonal aggression. Aggress Behav 34(3):265\u2013272","journal-title":"Aggress Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"1204_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1080\/02678373.2012.734709","volume":"26","author":"MB Nielsen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nielsen MB, Einarsen S (2012) Outcomes of workplace bullying: a meta-analytic review. Work Stress 26(4):309\u2013332","journal-title":"Work Stress"},{"issue":"2","key":"1204_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1080\/02678373.2015.1032383","volume":"29","author":"MB Nielsen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nielsen MB, Knardahl S (2015) Is workplace bullying related to the personality traits of victims? A two year prospective study. Work Stress 29(2):128\u2013149","journal-title":"Work Stress"},{"issue":"2","key":"1204_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8998.13.2.128","volume":"13","author":"MB Nielsen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nielsen MB, Matthiesen SB, Einarsen S (2008) Sense of coherence as a protective mechanism among targets of workplace bullying. J Occup Health Psychol 13(2):128\u2013136","journal-title":"J Occup Health Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1204_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/13594320801969707","volume":"18","author":"MB Nielsen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nielsen MB, et al. (2009) Prevalence of workplace bullying in Norway: comparisons across time and estimation methods. Eur J Work Org Psychol 18(1):81\u2013101","journal-title":"Eur J Work Org Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1204_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1348\/096317909X481256","volume":"83","author":"MB Nielsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nielsen MB, Matthiesen SB, Einarsen S (2010) The impact of methodological moderators on prevalence rates of workplace bullying. A meta-analysis. J Occup Organ Psychol 83(4):955\u2013979. doi: 10.1348\/096317909X481256","journal-title":"J Occup Organ Psychol"},{"key":"1204_CR56","volume-title":"Bullying and emotional abuse in the workplace developments in theory, research and practice","author":"MB Nielsen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nielsen MB, Notelaers G, Einarsen S (2011) Measuring exposure to workplace bullying. In: Einarsen S, Hoel H, Zapf D, Cooper CL (eds) Bullying and emotional abuse in the workplace developments in theory, research and practice. CRC Press, Boca Raton"},{"issue":"1","key":"1204_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3178","volume":"38","author":"MB Nielsen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nielsen MB, Hetland J, Matthiesen SB, Einarsen S (2012) Longitudinal relationships between workplace bullying and psychological distress. Scand J Work Environ Health 38(1):38\u201346. doi: 10.5271\/sjweh.3178","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"issue":"12\/13","key":"1204_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.13.0880","volume":"134","author":"MB Nielsen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nielsen MB, Mager\u00f8y N, Gjerstad J, Einarsen S (2014) Workplace bullying and subsequent health problems. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 134(12\/13):1233\u20131238. doi: 10.4045\/tidsskr.13.0880","journal-title":"Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen"},{"key":"1204_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302855","volume":"11","author":"MB Nielsen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nielsen MB, Nielsen GH, Notelaers G, Einarsen S (2015a) Workplace bullying and suicidal ideation: a 3-wave longitudinal Norwegian study. Am J Public Health 11:e23\u2013e28. doi: 10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302855","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1204_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2015.01.001","volume":"21","author":"MB Nielsen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nielsen MB, Tangen T, Idsoe T, Matthiesen SB, Mager\u00f8y N (2015b) Post-traumatic stress disorder as a consequence of bullying at work and at school. A literature review and meta-analysis. Aggr Violent Behav 21(1):17\u201324","journal-title":"Aggr Violent Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"1204_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3554","volume":"42","author":"MB Nielsen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nielsen MB, Einarsen S, Notelaers G, Nielsen GH (2016a) Does exposure to bullying behaviors at the workplace contribute to later suicidal ideation? A three-wave longitudinal study. Scand J Work Environ Health 42(3):246\u2013250. doi: 10.5271\/sjweh.3554","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"1204_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3579","volume":"42","author":"MB Nielsen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nielsen MB, Indregard AM, \u00d8verland S (2016b) Workplace bullying and sickness absence\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis of the research literature. Scand J Work Environ Health 42(5):359\u2013370","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"1204_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2015.1009831","volume":"28","author":"A Nissen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nissen A, Nielsen MB, Solberg \u00d8, Hansen MB, Heir T (2015) Perception of threat and safety at work among employees in the Norwegian ministries after the 2011 Oslo bombing. Anxiety Stress Coping 28(6):650\u2013662","journal-title":"Anxiety Stress Coping"},{"key":"1204_CR64","volume-title":"Bullying at schools: what we know and what we can do","author":"D Olweus","year":"1993","unstructured":"Olweus D (1993) Bullying at schools: what we know and what we can do. Blackwell, Oxford"},{"issue":"3","key":"1204_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-008-0339-8","volume":"82","author":"A Ortega","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ortega A, H\u00f8gh A, Pejtersen JH, Feveile H, Olsen O (2009) Prevalence of workplace bullying and risk groups: a representative population study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 82(3):417\u2013426. doi: 10.1007\/s00420-008-0339-8","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"1204_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2013.06.017","volume":"51","author":"I Reknes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Reknes I, Pallesen S, Mager\u00f8y N, Moen BE, Bjorvatn B, Einarsen S (2013) Exposure to bullying behaviors as a predictor of mental health problems among Norwegian nurses: results from the prospective SUSSH-survey. Int J Nurs Stud 51(3):479\u2013487","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"10","key":"1204_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2010.00673.x","volume":"40","author":"A Rodriguez-Munoz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Munoz A, Moreno-Jimenez B, Vergel AIS, Garrosa E (2010) Post-traumatic symptoms among victims of workplace bullying: exploring gender differences and shattered assumptions. J Appl Soc Psychol 40(10):2616\u20132635. doi: 10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2010.00673.x","journal-title":"J Appl Soc Psychol"},{"key":"1204_CR02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Satorra A, Bentler PM (2001) A scaled difference Chi square test statistic for moment structure analysis. Psychometrika 66(4):507\u2013514","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02296192"},{"key":"1204_CR68","volume-title":"Counterproductive behavior Investigations of actors and targets","author":"PE Spector","year":"2005","unstructured":"Spector PE, Fox S (2005) The stressor-emotion model of counterproductive work behavior. In: Fox S, Spector PE (eds) Counterproductive behavior Investigations of actors and targets. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC"},{"key":"1204_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1080\/03069880410001727567","volume":"32","author":"N Tehrani","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tehrani N (2004) Bullying: A source of chronic post traumatic stress. Br J Guid Couns 32:358\u2013366","journal-title":"Br J Guid Couns"},{"issue":"7","key":"1204_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200207000-00003","volume":"44","author":"D Trout","year":"2002","unstructured":"Trout D, Nimgade A, Mueller C, Hall R, Earnest GS (2002) Health effects and occupational exposures among office workers near the World Trade Center disaster site. J Occup Environ Med 44(7):601\u2013605","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"1204_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verkuil B, Atasayi S, Molendijk ML (2015) Workplace bullying and mental health: a meta-analysis on cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Plos One 10(8)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135225"},{"key":"1204_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1996.78.2.631","volume":"78","author":"JP Wanous","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wanous JP, Reichers AE (1996) Estimating the reliability of a single-item measure. Psychol Rep 78:631\u2013634","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"1204_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.82.2.247","volume":"82","author":"JP Wanous","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wanous JP, Reichers AE, Hudy MJ (1997) Overall job satisfaction: how good are single-item measures? J Appl Psychol 82:247\u2013252","journal-title":"J Appl Psychol"},{"key":"1204_CR74","unstructured":"Weathers F, Litz BT, Herman DS, Huska JA, Keane TM (1993) The PTSD checklist (PCL): reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility. Annual meeting of the international society for traumatic stress studies, San Antonio"},{"issue":"2","key":"1204_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8998.1.2.145","volume":"1","author":"D Zapf","year":"1996","unstructured":"Zapf D, Dormann C, Frese M (1996) Longitudinal studies in organizational stress research: a review of literature with reference to methodological issues. J Occup Health Psychol 1(2):145\u2013169","journal-title":"J Occup Health Psychol"}],"container-title":["International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00420-017-1204-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00420-017-1204-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00420-017-1204-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]],"date-time":"2019-09-18T08:03:47Z","timestamp":1568793827000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00420-017-1204-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,4]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00420-017-1204-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-0131","1432-1246"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-0131","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1246","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,4]]}}}