{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T20:22:45Z","timestamp":1793650965202,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Occup Environ Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-020-01600-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T04:50:03Z","timestamp":1605243003000},"page":"539-546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Monitoring heat strain: the effect of sensor type and location on single-site and mean skin temperature during work in the heat"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Benjamin L.","family":"MacLean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendal","family":"MacLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian B.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2753-7567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1600_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akintola AA, Van de Pol V, Bimmel D, Maan AC, Van Heemst D (2016) Comparative analysis of the equivital EQ02 lifemonitor with Holter ambulatory ECG device for continuous measurement of ECG, heart rate, and heart rate variability: a validation study for precision and accuracy. Front Physiol","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00391"},{"key":"1600_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arngrimsson SA, Stewart DJ, Borrani F, Skinner KA, Cureton KJ (2003) Relation of heart rate to percent VO2 peak during submaximal exercise in the heat. J Appl Physiol (Bethesda, Md : 1985) 94(3):1162\u20131168. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00508.2002","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00508.2002"},{"issue":"2","key":"1600_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0117907","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117907","volume":"10","author":"AJE Bach","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bach AJE, Stewart IB, Disher AE, Costello JT (2015) A comparison between conductive and infrared devices for measuring mean skin temperature at rest, during exercise in the heat, and recovery. PLoS ONE 10(2):e0117907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0117907","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"1600_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1080\/10543400701329422","volume":"17","author":"JM Bland","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bland JM, Altman DG (2007) Agreement between methods of measurement with multiple observations per individual. J Biopharm Stat 17(4):571\u2013582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10543400701329422","journal-title":"J Biopharm Stat"},{"key":"1600_CR5","unstructured":"Buller MJ, Looney D, Welles AP, Ely BR, Tharion WJ, Hoyt R (2016) An Adaptive Physiological Strain Index that Accounts for Thermal-Work Strain in High-Performance Athletes and Encapsulated Workers. Paper presented at the International Conference on the Physiology and Pharmacology of Temperature Regulation, Slovenia, Dec 2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"1600_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00353.2017","volume":"124","author":"MJ Buller","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buller MJ, Welles AP, Friedl KE (2018) Wearable physiological monitoring for human thermal-work strain optimization. J Appl Physiol 124(2):432\u2013441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00353.2017","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1600_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1097\/00003677-200407000-00005","volume":"32","author":"SS Cheung","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cheung SS, Sleivert GG (2004) Multiple Triggers for Hyperthermic Fatigue and Exhaustion. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 32(3):100\u2013106","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1600_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181adb9fb","volume":"42","author":"BR Ely","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ely BR, Cheuvront SN, Kenefick RW, Sawka MN (2010) Aerobic performance is degraded, despite modest hyperthermia, in hot environments. Med Sci Sports Exerc 42(1):135\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181adb9fb","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"5","key":"1600_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00577.2009","volume":"107","author":"BR Ely","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ely BR, Ely MR, Cheuvront SN, Kenefick RW, DeGroot DW, Montain SJ (2009) Evidence against a 40\u00b0C core temperature threshold for fatigue in humans. J Appl Physiol 107(5):1519\u20131525","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1600_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/35\/2\/189","volume":"35","author":"AdA Fernandes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fernandes AdA et al (2014) Measuring skin temperature before, during and after exercise: a comparison of thermocouples and infrared thermography. Physiol Meas 35(2):189\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0967-3334\/35\/2\/189","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1600_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12368","volume":"25","author":"VE Fernandez-Elias","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fernandez-Elias VE, Hamouti N, Ortega JF, Mora-Rodriguez R (2015) Hyperthermia, but not muscle water deficit, increases glycogen use during intense exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports 25(Suppl 1):126\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.12368","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"1","key":"1600_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.142158","volume":"586","author":"J Gonzalez-Alonso","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Alonso J, Crandall CG, Johnson JM (2008) The cardiovascular challenge of exercising in the heat. J Physiol 586(1):45\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.142158","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1600_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2019.1666211","volume":"16","author":"AP Hunt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hunt AP, Stewart IB, Billing DC (2019) Indices of physiological strain for firefighters of the Australian Defence Forces. J Occup Environ Hygiene 16(11):727\u2013734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15459624.2019.1666211","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Hygiene"},{"key":"1600_CR14","volume-title":"Ergonomics: evaluation of thermal strain by physiological measurements: ISO 9886","author":"International Organisation for Standardisation","year":"2004","unstructured":"International Organisation for Standardisation (2004) Ergonomics: evaluation of thermal strain by physiological measurements: ISO 9886. ISO, Geneva"},{"key":"1600_CR15","unstructured":"Johnstone JA, Ford PA, Hughes G, Watson T, Garrett AT (2012a) Bioharness(\u2122) multivariable monitoring device: Part. I: Validity. J Sp Sci Med 11(3):400\u2013408"},{"issue":"4","key":"1600_CR16","first-page":"643","volume":"11","author":"JA Johnstone","year":"2012","unstructured":"Johnstone JA, Ford PA, Hughes G, Watson T, Mitchell ACS, Garrett AT (2012) Field based reliability and validity of the BioharnessTM multivariable monitoring device. J Sports Sci Med 11(4):643\u2013652","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1600_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1327661","volume":"34","author":"JH Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim JH, Roberge R, Powell JB, Shafer AB, Jon Williams W (2013) Measurement accuracy of heart rate and respiratory rate during graded exercise and sustained exercise in the heat using the Zephyr BioHarness. Int J Sports Med 34(6):497\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0032-1327661","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1600_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2012.747404","volume":"10","author":"Y Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu Y, Zhu SH, Wang GH, Ye F, Li PZ (2013) Validity and reliability of multiparameter physiological measurements recorded by the equivital lifemonitor during activities of various intensities. J Occup Environ Hygiene 10(2):78\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15459624.2012.747404","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Hygiene"},{"key":"1600_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00913","volume":"8","author":"MJ Maley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maley MJ, Costello JT, Borg DN, Bach AJE, Hunt AP, Stewart IB (2017) An overt chemical protective garment reduces thermal strain compared with a covert garment in warm-wet but not hot-dry environments. Front Physiol 8:913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2017.00913","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"1600_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2020.102614","volume":"91","author":"MJ Maley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maley MJ, Hunt AP, Bach AJE, Eglin CM, Costello JT (2020) Infrared cameras overestimate skin temperature during rewarming from cold exposure. J Therm Biol 91:102614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2020.102614","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"1600_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R129","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1998.275.1.R129","volume":"275","author":"DS Moran","year":"1998","unstructured":"Moran DS, Shitzer A, Pandolf KB (1998) A physiological strain index to evaluate heat stress. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 275:R129\u2013R134","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"1600_CR22","first-page":"33","volume-title":"How many sites are necessary to estimate a mean skin temperature?","author":"BW Olesen","year":"1984","unstructured":"Olesen BW (1984) How many sites are necessary to estimate a mean skin temperature? Thermal Physiology. Raven Press, New York, pp 33\u201338"},{"issue":"3","key":"1600_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1964.19.3.531","volume":"19","author":"NL Ramanathan","year":"1964","unstructured":"Ramanathan NL (1964) A new weighting system for mean surface temperature of the human body. J Appl Physiol 19(3):531\u2013533","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"1600_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c100082","volume":"1","author":"MN Sawka","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sawka MN, Leon LR, Montain SJ, Sonna LA (2011) Integrated physiological mechanisms of exercise performance, adaptation, and maladaptation to heat stress. Comprehensive Physiol 1:1883\u20131928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c100082","journal-title":"Comprehensive Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1600_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1080\/21577323.2013.838195","volume":"1","author":"WJ Tharion","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tharion WJ, Buller MJ, Potter AW, Karis AJ, Goetz V, Hoyt RW (2013) Acceptability and usability of an ambulatory health monitoring system for use by military personnel. IIE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Fact 1(4):203\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21577323.2013.838195","journal-title":"IIE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Fact"}],"container-title":["International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00420-020-01600-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00420-020-01600-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00420-020-01600-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T07:18:16Z","timestamp":1617866296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00420-020-01600-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00420-020-01600-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-0131","1432-1246"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-0131","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1246","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 March 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 November 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}