{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T19:07:52Z","timestamp":1792264072308,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,24]],"date-time":"2021-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,24]],"date-time":"2021-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Social Accident Insurance, Institution for the health and welfare services (BGW), Hamburg, Germany","award":["No specific grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No specific grant"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Occup Environ Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In Germany, the initial step of electronic waste (e-waste) recycling frequently takes place in sheltered workshops for physically and mentally handicapped workers (<jats:italic>Werkst\u00e4tten f\u00fcr behinderte Menschen (WfbM)<\/jats:italic>, in german language). E-waste recycling involves a potential risk of exposure to toxic metals. Therefore, we assessed the occupational exposure of recycling workers to toxic metals to identify potential health risks and insufficient protective measures.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We used a combined air- and bio-monitoring approach to determine exposure of recycling workers to toxic metals. Air and urine samples were collected in five sheltered workshops in Germany and were analysed for their content of aluminium, antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, mercury and nickel. Results were compared to German and international occupational limit values and to metal exposures of workers in conventional e-waste recycling firms.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Exposure of recycling workers in five German sheltered workshops to the studied metals and their compounds was below German and international occupational limit values across all facilities studied considering both air and urine samples. Workers in the present study were not exposed to higher amounts of toxic metals than workers in conventional e-waste recycling firms.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This is the first study on toxic metal exposure of recycling workers in sheltered workshops. The results of this study revealed a low occupational exposure of e-waste recycling workers to toxic metals in this type of enterprises. Current work methods and safety measures provide the workers with adequate protection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-021-01651-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,24]],"date-time":"2021-01-24T09:04:38Z","timestamp":1611479078000},"page":"935-944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Metal exposure of workers during recycling of electronic waste: a cross-sectional study in sheltered workshops in Germany"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3337-1345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Gerding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Wegscheider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Stranzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederik","family":"Lessmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Pitzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Harth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Udo","family":"Eickmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Nienhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1651_CR1","unstructured":"Austrian Federal Ministry of Labour (2018) Verordnung der Bundesministerin f\u00fcr Arbeit, Soziales, Gesundheit und Konsumentenschutz \u00fcber Grenzwerte f\u00fcr Arbeitsstoffe sowie \u00fcber krebserzeugende und fortpflanzungsgef\u00e4hrdende (reproduktionstoxische) Arbeitsstoffe (Grenzwerteverordnung 2018\u2014GKV 2018) StF: BGBl. 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The study design was reviewed and approved by the Hamburg Ethics Commission (File Reference: PV5650).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participants were informed about scope and aim of this study and gave written consent about their participation. With regard to mentally handicapped participants under legal supervision consent was given by both the participants and their respective legal representatives. Biomonitoring samples and questionnaires were number encoded to ensure the anonymity of participants. All authors mentioned above declare their consent for publication.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}