{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T01:05:21Z","timestamp":1785200721903,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634601600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005404","name":"Arbejdstilsynet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["[#56-2015-03\/ 20150018092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[#56-2015-03\/ 20150018092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005404","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Occup Environ Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is a major cause of occupational disease. The aim was to review the relation between exposure to occupational irritants and ICD and the prognosis of ICD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Through a systematic search, 1516 titles were identified, and 48 studies were included in the systematic review.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We found that the evidence for an association between ICD and occupational irritants was strong for wet work, moderate for detergents and non-alcoholic disinfectants, and strong for a combination. The highest quality studies provided limited evidence for an association with use of occlusive gloves without other exposures and moderate evidence with simultaneous exposure to other wet work irritants. The evidence for an association between minor ICD and exposure to metalworking fluids was moderate. Regarding mechanical exposures, the literature was scarce and the evidence limited. We found that the prognosis for complete healing of ICD is poor, but improves after decrease of exposure through change of occupation or work tasks. There was no substantial evidence for an influence of gender, age, or household exposures. Inclusion of atopic dermatitis in the analysis did not alter the risk of ICD. Studies were at risk of bias, mainly due to selection and misclassification of exposure and outcome. This may have attenuated the results.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This review reports strong evidence for an association between ICD and a combination of exposure to wet work and non-alcoholic disinfectants, moderate for metalworking fluids, limited for mechanical and glove exposure, and a strong evidence for a poor prognosis of ICD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-021-01781-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T11:12:19Z","timestamp":1634641939000},"page":"35-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Causes of irritant contact dermatitis after occupational skin exposure: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4495-6034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gitte","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Bregnh\u00f8j","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marl\u00e9ne","family":"Isaksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas L.","family":"Diepgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole","family":"Carstensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1781_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2002.460505.x","volume":"46","author":"A Adisesh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Adisesh A, Meyer JD, Cherry NM (2002) Prognosis and work absence due to occupational contact dermatitis. Contact Dermat 46(5):273\u2013279 (cod460505[pii])","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"key":"1781_CR2","unstructured":"AES (2016) Erhvervssygdomme opgjort p\u00e5 diagnose 2011\u20132015. Arbejdsmarkedets Erhvervssikring;"},{"issue":"12","key":"1781_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13308","volume":"29","author":"T Agner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Agner T et al (2015) Classification of hand eczema. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol JEADV 29(12):2417\u20132422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.13308","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol JEADV"},{"issue":"3","key":"1781_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2014-0060","volume":"29","author":"IS Ale","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ale IS, Maibach HI (2014) Irritant contact dermatitis. Rev Environ Health 29(3):195\u2013206","journal-title":"Rev Environ Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"1781_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01211.x","volume":"57","author":"I Anveden","year":"2007","unstructured":"Anveden I, Meding B (2007) Skin exposure in geriatric care\u2014a comparison between observation and self-assessment of exposure. Contact Dermat 57(4):253\u2013258 (COD1211[pii])","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"3","key":"1781_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2006.00907.x","volume":"55","author":"I Anveden","year":"2006","unstructured":"Anveden I, Liden C, Alderling M, Meding B (2006) Self-reported skin exposure\u2013validation of questions by observation. Contact Dermat 55(3):186\u2013191 (COD907[pii])","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"3","key":"1781_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08850.x","volume":"160","author":"I Anveden Berglind","year":"2009","unstructured":"Anveden Berglind I, Alderling M, Jarvholm B, Liden C, Meding B (2009) Occupational skin exposure to water: a population-based study. Br J Dermatol 160(3):616\u2013621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08850.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1781_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01729.x","volume":"62","author":"CJ Apfelbacher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Apfelbacher CJ, Funke U, Radulescu M, Diepgen TL (2010) Determinants of current hand eczema: results from case-control studies nested in the PACO follow-up study (PACO II). Contact Dermat 62(6):363\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01729.x","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"2","key":"1781_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01793.x","volume":"25","author":"C Avnstorp","year":"1991","unstructured":"Avnstorp C (1991) Risk factors for cement eczema. Contact Dermat 25(2):81\u201388","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"6","key":"1781_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12097","volume":"69","author":"J Bandier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bandier J et al (2013) Carriers of filaggrin gene (FLG) mutations avoid professional exposure to irritants in adulthood. Contact Dermat 69(6):355\u2013362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.12097","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"key":"1781_CR11","unstructured":"BAuA (2008) Risks resulting from skin contact -identification, assessment, measures. TRGS 401. vol 2016. Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA). http:\/\/www.baua.de\/en\/Topics-from-A-to-Z\/Hazardous-Substances\/TRGS\/pdf\/TRGS-401.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=6"},{"issue":"6","key":"1781_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05946.x","volume":"39","author":"A Bauer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bauer A et al (1998) Development of occupational skin diseases during vocational training in baker and confectioner apprentices: a follow-up study. Contact Dermat 39(6):307\u2013311","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"6","key":"1781_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s004200100241","volume":"74","author":"A Bauer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bauer A et al (2001) Occupational hand dermatitis in food industry apprentices: results of a 3-year follow-up cohort study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 74(6):437\u2013442","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"1781_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4414","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004414.pub3","volume":"4","author":"A Bauer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bauer A et al (2018) Interventions for preventing occupational irritant hand dermatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4:4414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD004414.pub3","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1781_CR15","unstructured":"Beer C et al. (2015) Exposure to quartz dust\/sand (crystalline silica) and the risk of development of connective tissue diseases (for instance scleroderma) and kidney diseases (for instance glomerulonephritis). vol 2017. Arbejdsmarkedets Erhvervssikring"},{"issue":"6","key":"1781_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2000.043006327.x","volume":"43","author":"U Berndt","year":"2000","unstructured":"Berndt U, Hinnen U, Iliev D, Elsner P (2000) Hand eczema in metalworker trainees\u2014an analysis of risk factors. Contact Dermat 43(6):327\u2013332","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"2","key":"1781_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01831.x","volume":"64","author":"A Bregnhoj","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bregnhoj A, Sosted H, Menne T, Johansen JD (2011a) Healthy worker effect in hairdressing apprentices. Contact Dermat 64(2):80\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01831.x","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"3","key":"1781_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01908.x","volume":"65","author":"A Bregnhoj","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bregnhoj A, Sosted H, Menne T, Johansen JD (2011b) Validation of self-reporting of hand eczema among Danish hairdressing apprentices. Contact Dermat 65(3):146\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01908.x","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"4","key":"1781_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0b013e318290c57f","volume":"24","author":"A Callahan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Callahan A et al (2013) Winter season, frequent hand washing, and irritant patch test reactions to detergents are associated with hand dermatitis in health care workers. Dermat Contact Atopic Occup Drug 24(4):170\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/DER.0b013e318290c57f","journal-title":"Dermat Contact Atopic Occup Drug"},{"issue":"1","key":"1781_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12134","volume":"70","author":"TK Caroe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Caroe TK, Ebbehoj N, Agner T (2014) A survey of exposures related to recognized occupational contact dermatitis in Denmark in 2010. Contact Dermat 70(1):56\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.12134","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"1","key":"1781_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12869","volume":"78","author":"TK Caroe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Caroe TK, Ebbehoj NE, Bonde JP, Agner T (2018a) Occupational hand eczema and\/or contact urticaria: factors associated with change of profession or not remaining in the workforce. Contact Dermat 78(1):55\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.12869","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"5","key":"1781_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12934","volume":"78","author":"TK Caroe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Caroe TK, Ebbehoj NE, Bonde JPE, Flachs EM, Agner T (2018b) Hand eczema and wet work: dose-response relationship and effect of leaving the profession. Contact Dermat 78(5):341\u2013347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.12934","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"1","key":"1781_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16095","volume":"179","author":"TK Caroe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Caroe TK, Ebbehoj NE, Bonde JPE, Vejlstrup SG, Agner T (2018c) Job change facilitates healing in a cohort of patients with occupational hand eczema. Br J Dermatol 179(1):80\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.16095","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1781_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2006.00920.x","volume":"55","author":"O Carstensen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Carstensen O, Rasmussen K, Ponten A, Gruvberger B, Isaksson M, Bruze M (2006) The validity of a questionnaire-based epidemiological study of occupational dermatosis. Contact Dermat 55(5):295\u2013300 (COD920[pii])","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"2","key":"1781_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1097\/01634989-199106000-00007","volume":"2","author":"Chia Group","year":"1991","unstructured":"Chia Group (1991) Prognosis of occupational dermatitis in Singapore workers. Am J Contact Dermat 2(2):105\u2013109","journal-title":"Am J Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"7","key":"1781_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500385","volume":"14","author":"TC Chou","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chou TC, Sheu HM, Chiu JE, Wu JD, Shih TS, Chang HY (2004) Combined exposure to carbon disulfide and sulfuric acid simultaneously increases the risk of hand dermatitis in rayon industry. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 14(7):551\u2013557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.jea.7500385","journal-title":"J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1781_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s004200050243","volume":"71","author":"PJ Coenraads","year":"1998","unstructured":"Coenraads PJ, Diepgen TL (1998) Risk for hand eczema in employees with past or present atopic dermatitis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 71(1):7\u201313","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"1781_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.142.3.305","volume":"142","author":"RS Cvetkovski","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cvetkovski RS, Zachariae R, Jensen H, Olsen J, Johansen JD, Agner T (2006) Prognosis of occupational hand eczema: a follow-up study. Arch Dermatol 142(3):305\u2013311","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1781_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200212000-00016","volume":"44","author":"HS Daftarian","year":"2002","unstructured":"Daftarian HS, Lushniak BD, Reh CM, Lewis DM (2002) Evaluation of self-reported skin problems among workers exposed to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) at a foam manufacturing facility. J Occup Environ Med Am Coll Occup Environ Med 44(12):1197\u20131202","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med Am Coll Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1781_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01778.x","volume":"63","author":"JA Davis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Davis JA, Visscher MO, Wickett RR, Hoath SB (2010) Influence of tumour necrosis factor-alpha polymorphism-308 and atopy on irritant contact dermatitis in healthcare workers. Contact Dermat 63(6):320\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01778.x","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"3","key":"1781_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1989.tb04658.x","volume":"20","author":"EM de Boer","year":"1989","unstructured":"de Boer EM, van Ketel WG, Bruynzeel DP (1989) Dermatoses in metal workers. (I). Irritant contact dermatitis. Contact Dermat 20(3):212\u2013218","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"3","key":"1781_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08730.x","volume":"159","author":"CM de Jongh","year":"2008","unstructured":"de Jongh CM et al (2008) Loss-of-function polymorphisms in the filaggrin gene are associated with an increased susceptibility to chronic irritant contact dermatitis: a case\u2013control study. Br J Dermatol 159(3):621\u2013627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08730.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1781_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2002.460403.x","volume":"46","author":"H Dickel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dickel H, Bruckner T, Bernhard-Klimt C, Koch T, Scheidt R, Diepgen TL (2002a) Surveillance scheme for occupational skin disease in the Saarland, FRG. First report from BKH-s. Contact Dermat 46(4):197\u2013206","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"4","key":"1781_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200203040-00006","volume":"3","author":"H Dickel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dickel H, Kuss O, Schmidt A, Kretz J, Diepgen TL (2002b) Importance of irritant contact dermatitis in occupational skin disease. Am J Clin Dermatol 3(4):283\u2013289","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1781_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-002-0418-1","volume":"76","author":"TL Diepgen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Diepgen TL (2003) Occupational skin-disease data in Europe. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 76(5):331\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00420-002-0418-1","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"1781_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1159\/000424294","volume":"23","author":"TL Diepgen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Diepgen TL, Coenraads PJ (1995) What can we learn from epidemiological studies on irritant contact dermatitis? Curr Probl Dermatol 23:18\u201327","journal-title":"Curr Probl Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1781_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1007\/s004200050407","volume":"72","author":"TL Diepgen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Diepgen TL, Coenraads PJ (1999) The epidemiology of occupational contact dermatitis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 72(8):496\u2013506","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1781_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08907.x","volume":"160","author":"TL Diepgen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Diepgen TL et al (2009) Hand eczema classification: a cross-sectional, multicentre study of the aetiology and morphology of hand eczema. Br J Dermatol 160(2):353\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08907.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1781_CR39","first-page":"1","volume":"13","author":"TL Diepgen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Diepgen TL et al (2015) Guidelines for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of hand eczema. J Der Deutschen Dermatol Gesellschaft J German Soc Dermatol JDDG 13(1):1\u201322","journal-title":"J Der Deutschen Dermatol Gesellschaft J German Soc Dermatol JDDG"},{"issue":"2","key":"1781_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1080\/10773525.2018.1427307","volume":"23","author":"J Douwes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Douwes J et al (2017) Determinants of hand dermatitis, urticaria and loss of skin barrier function in professional cleaners in New Zealand. Int J Occup Environ Health 23(2):110\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10773525.2018.1427307","journal-title":"Int J Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"1781_CR41","unstructured":"ESCD (2020) What is contact dermatitis? European Society of contact dermatitis. https:\/\/www.escd.org\/contact-dermatitis\/what-is-contact-dermatitis\/"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"1781_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700080419","volume":"8","author":"T Fischer","year":"1985","unstructured":"Fischer T, Rystedt I (1985) Hand eczema among hard-metal workers. Am J Ind Med 8(4\u20135):381\u2013394","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1781_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01134.x","volume":"57","author":"MA Flyvholm","year":"2007","unstructured":"Flyvholm MA, Bach B, Rose M, Jepsen KF (2007) Self-reported hand eczema in a hospital population. Contact Dermat 57(2):110\u2013115","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"6","key":"1781_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12290","volume":"71","author":"UF Friis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Friis UF, Menne T, Schwensen JF, Flyvholm MA, Bonde JP, Johansen JD (2014) Occupational irritant contact dermatitis diagnosed by analysis of contact irritants and allergens in the work environment. Contact Dermat 71(6):364\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.12290","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"2","key":"1781_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1994.tb01929.x","volume":"31","author":"CL Goh","year":"1994","unstructured":"Goh CL, Gan SL (1994) The incidence of cutting fluid dermatitis among metalworkers in a metal fabrication factory: a prospective study. Contact Dermat 31(2):111\u2013115","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"10","key":"1781_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.51.10.689","volume":"51","author":"YL Guo","year":"1994","unstructured":"Guo YL, Wang BJ, Lee JY, Chou SY (1994) Occupational hand dermatoses of hairdressers in Tainan City. Occup Environ Med 51(10):689\u2013692","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1781_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15813","volume":"178","author":"N Hamnerius","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hamnerius N, Svedman C, Bergendorff O, Bjork J, Bruze M, Ponten A (2018) Wet work exposure and hand eczema among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study. Br J Dermatol 178(2):452\u2013461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.15813","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1781_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2001.440509.x","volume":"44","author":"E Held","year":"2001","unstructured":"Held E, Wolff C, Gyntelberg F, Agner T (2001) Prevention of work-related skin problems in student auxiliary nurses: an intervention study. Contact Dermat 44(5):297\u2013303","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"5","key":"1781_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.02027.x","volume":"66","author":"KS Ibler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ibler KS, Jemec GB, Agner T (2012) Exposures related to hand eczema: a study of healthcare workers. Contact Dermat 66(5):247\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.02027.x","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"1","key":"1781_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2182","volume":"12","author":"SH Jee","year":"1986","unstructured":"Jee SH, Wang JD, Sun CC, Chao YF (1986) Prevalence of probable kerosene dermatoses among ball-bearing factory workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 12(1):61\u201365","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"1781_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/2052-4374-26-13","volume":"26","author":"PK Jung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jung PK et al (2014) The effect of work characteristics on dermatologic symptoms in hairdressers. Ann Occup Environ Med 26:13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2052-4374-26-13","journal-title":"Ann Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1781_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2004.0314.x","volume":"50","author":"FH Jungbauer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jungbauer FH, Lensen GJ, Groothoff JW, Coenraads PJ (2004a) Exposure of the hands to wet work in nurses. Contact Dermat 50(4):225\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2004.0314.x","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"4","key":"1781_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2004.00347.x","volume":"50","author":"FH Jungbauer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jungbauer FH, van der Vleuten P, Groothoff JW, Coenraads PJ (2004b) Irritant hand dermatitis: severity of disease, occupational exposure to skin irritants and preventive measures 5 years after initial diagnosis. Contact Dermat 50(4):245\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2004.00347.x","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"6","key":"1781_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2006.00792.x","volume":"54","author":"F Kartono","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kartono F, Maibach HI (2006) Irritants in combination with a synergistic or additive effect on the skin response: an overview of tandem irritation studies. Contact Dermat 54(6):303\u2013312","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"3","key":"1781_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1987.tb02696.x","volume":"17","author":"G Kavli","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kavli G, Moseng D (1987) Contact urticaria from mustard in fish-stick production. Contact Dermat 17(3):153\u2013155","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"6","key":"1781_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1983.tb00547.x","volume":"109","author":"K Keczkes","year":"1983","unstructured":"Keczkes K, Bhate SM, Wyatt EH (1983) The outcome of primary irritant hand dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 109(6):665\u2013668","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1781_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2009.04004.x","volume":"48","author":"T Keegel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Keegel T, Moyle M, Dharmage S, Frowen K, Nixon R (2009) The epidemiology of occupational contact dermatitis (1990\u20132007): a systematic review. Int J Dermatol 48(6):571\u2013578","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1781_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.47.469","volume":"47","author":"S Kezic","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kezic S, Visser MJ, Verberk MM (2009) Individual susceptibility to occupational contact dermatitis. Ind Health 47(5):469\u2013478","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"1781_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/50.5.337","volume":"50","author":"M Kiec-Swierczynska","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kiec-Swierczynska M, Wojtczak J (2000) Occupational ceramic fibres dermatitis in Poland. Occup Med (oxf, Engl) 50(5):337\u2013342","journal-title":"Occup Med (oxf, Engl)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1781_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01813.x","volume":"64","author":"CC Lan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lan CC et al (2011) Hand dermatitis among university hospital nursing staff with or without atopic eczema: assessment of risk factors. Contact Dermat 64(2):73\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01813.x","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"4","key":"1781_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.02045.x","volume":"66","author":"L Landeck","year":"2012","unstructured":"Landeck L, Visser M, Kezic S, John SM (2012) Impact of tumour necrosis factor-alpha polymorphisms on irritant contact dermatitis. Contact Dermat 66(4):221\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.02045.x","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"6","key":"1781_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2005.00699.x","volume":"53","author":"A Lazarov","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lazarov A, Nevo K, Pardo A, Froom P (2005) Self-reported skin disease in hydrotherapists working in swimming pools. Contact Dermat 53(6):327\u2013331","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"3","key":"1781_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12036","volume":"40","author":"SW Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee SW, Cheong SH, Byun JY, Choi YW, Choi HY (2013) Occupational hand eczema among nursing staffs in Korea: Self-reported hand eczema and contact sensitization of hospital nursing staffs. J Dermatol 40(3):182\u2013187","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1781_CR64","first-page":"5","volume":"32","author":"H Lindemayr","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lindemayr H (1984) Eczema in hairdressers. Dermatosen in Beruf Und Umwelt Occup Environ 32(1):5\u201313","journal-title":"Dermatosen in Beruf Und Umwelt Occup Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1781_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2002.470102.x","volume":"47","author":"EJ Livesley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Livesley EJ, Rushton L, English JS, Williams HC (2002) Clinical examinations to validate self-completion questionnaires: dermatitis in the UK printing industry. Contact Dermat 47(1):7\u201313","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"3","key":"1781_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-018-1383-7","volume":"92","author":"T Lund","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lund T, Flachs EM, Ebbehoj NE, Bonde JP, Agner T (2019) Wet work exposure: comparison of observed and self-reported data. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 92(3):317\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00420-018-1383-7","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"1781_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-002-0417-2","volume":"76","author":"BD Lushniak","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lushniak BD (2003) The importance of occupational skin diseases in the United States. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 76(5):325\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00420-002-0417-2","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1781_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01997.x","volume":"66","author":"SH Lysdal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lysdal SH, Sosted H, Johansen JD (2012) Do hairdressers in Denmark have their hand eczema reported as an occupational disease? Results from a register-based questionnaire study. Contact Dermat 66(2):72\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01997.x","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"5","key":"1781_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01611.x","volume":"61","author":"T Malkonen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Malkonen T et al (2009) A 6-month follow-up study of 1048 patients diagnosed with an occupational skin disease. Contact Dermat 61(5):261\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01611.x","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"5","key":"1781_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09987.x","volume":"163","author":"T Malkonen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Malkonen T et al (2010) Long-term follow-up study of occupational hand eczema. Br J Dermatol 163(5):999\u20131006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09987.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1781_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kql039","volume":"56","author":"JC McDonald","year":"2006","unstructured":"McDonald JC, Beck MH, Chen Y, Cherry NM (2006) Incidence by occupation and industry of work-related skin diseases in the United Kingdom, 1996\u20132001. Occup Med (oxf, Engl) 56(6):398\u2013405","journal-title":"Occup Med (oxf, Engl)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1781_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2000.043002065.x","volume":"43","author":"B Meding","year":"2000","unstructured":"Meding B (2000) Differences between the sexes with regard to work-related skin disease. Contact Dermat 43(2):65\u201371","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"2","key":"1781_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2001.045002099.x","volume":"45","author":"B Meding","year":"2001","unstructured":"Meding B, Barregard L (2001) Validity of self-reports of hand eczema. Contact Dermat 45(2):99\u2013103","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"6","key":"1781_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12275","volume":"168","author":"B Meding","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meding B, Lindahl G, Alderling M, Wrangsjo K, Anveden Berglind I (2013) Is skin exposure to water mainly occupational or nonoccupational? A population-based study. Br J Dermatol 168(6):1281\u20131286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.12275","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1781_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12479","volume":"74","author":"B Meding","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meding B, Anveden Berglind I, Alderling M, Lindahl G, Wrangsjo K (2016) Water exposure\u2013challenging differences between occupations. Contact Dermat 74(1):22\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.12479","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"5","key":"1781_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01525.x","volume":"60","author":"MC Mirabelli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mirabelli MC et al (2009) Metalworking exposures and persistent skin symptoms in the ECRHS II and SAPALDIA 2 cohorts. Contact Dermat 60(5):256\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01525.x","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"4","key":"1781_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.02023.x","volume":"66","author":"MC Mirabelli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mirabelli MC et al (2012) Occupational risk factors for hand dermatitis among professional cleaners in Spain. Contact Dermat 66(4):188\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.02023.x","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"9193","key":"1781_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04149-5","volume":"354","author":"D Moher","year":"1999","unstructured":"Moher D, Cook DJ, Eastwood S, Olkin I, Rennie D, Stroup DF (1999) Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials: the QUOROM Statement. Lancet (lond, Engl) 354(9193):1896\u20131900","journal-title":"Lancet (lond, Engl)"},{"key":"1781_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"b2535","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535","volume":"339","author":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Group P","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Group P (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ (clin Res Ed) 339:b2535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.b2535","journal-title":"BMJ (clin Res Ed)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1781_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12963","volume":"171","author":"CG Mortz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mortz CG, Bindslev-Jensen C, Andersen KE (2014) Hand eczema in the odense adolescence cohort study on atopic diseases and dermatitis (TOACS): prevalence, incidence and risk factors from adolescence to adulthood. Br J Dermatol 171(2):313\u2013323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.12963","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1781_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01763.x","volume":"63","author":"PJ Nicholson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nicholson PJ, Llewellyn D, English JS (2010) Evidence-based guidelines for the prevention, identification and management of occupational contact dermatitis and urticaria. Contact Dermat 63(4):177\u2013186","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"4","key":"1781_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02201.x","volume":"34","author":"J Nielsen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nielsen J (1996) The occurrence and course of skin symptoms on the hands among female cleaners. Contact Dermat 34(4):284\u2013291","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"4","key":"1781_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1985.tb02553.x","volume":"13","author":"E Nilsson","year":"1985","unstructured":"Nilsson E, Mikaelsson B, Andersson S (1985) Atopy, occupation and domestic work as risk factors for hand eczema in hospital workers. Contact Dermat 13(4):216\u2013223","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"2","key":"1781_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2005.00504.x","volume":"52","author":"LK Pedersen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pedersen LK, Held E, Johansen JD, Agner T (2005) Short-term effects of alcohol-based disinfectant and detergent on skin irritation. Contact Dermat 52(2):82\u201387","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"1","key":"1781_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700200111","volume":"20","author":"R Petersen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Petersen R, Sabroe S (1991) Irritative symptoms and exposure to mineral wool. Am J Ind Med 20(1):113\u2013122","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1781_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1993.tb03489.x","volume":"29","author":"RH Rosen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rosen RH, Freeman S (1993) Prognosis of occupational contact dermatitis in New South Wales, Australia. Contact Dermat 29(2):88\u201393","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"key":"1781_CR87","volume-title":"Modern epidemiology, Third","author":"KJ Rothman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rothman KJ, Greenland S, Lash TL (2008) Modern epidemiology, Third, edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia","edition":"edition"},{"key":"1781_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-03827-3_3","volume-title":"Contact Dermatitis","author":"T Rustemeyer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rustemeyer T, von Hoogstraten IMW, von Blomberg BME, Gibbs S, Scheper RJ (2011) Mechanisms of irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. In: Johansen JD, Frosch PJ, Lepoittevin J-P (eds) Contact Dermatitis, 5th edn. Springer, Berlin, p 43","edition":"5"},{"issue":"6","key":"1781_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12288","volume":"71","author":"JF Schwensen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schwensen JF, Menne T, Johansen JD (2014) The combined diagnosis of allergic and irritant contact dermatitis in a retrospective cohort of 1000 consecutive patients with occupational contact dermatitis. Contact Dermat 71(6):356\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.12288","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"1","key":"1781_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02107.x","volume":"34","author":"M Shah","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shah M, Lewis FM, Gawkrodger DJ (1996) Prognosis of occupational hand dermatitis in metalworkers. Contact Dermat 34(1):27\u201330","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"4","key":"1781_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2004.00423.x","volume":"51","author":"R Skoet","year":"2004","unstructured":"Skoet R, Olsen J, Mathiesen B, Iversen L, Johansen JD, Agner T (2004) A survey of occupational hand eczema in Denmark. Contact Dermat 51(4):159\u2013166","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"1","key":"1781_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.2007.00409.x","volume":"49","author":"D Slodownik","year":"2008","unstructured":"Slodownik D, Lee A, Nixon R (2008) Irritant contact dermatitis: a review. Aust J Dermatol 49(1):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-0960.2007.00409.x","journal-title":"Aust J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1781_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01200.x","volume":"57","author":"CM Slotosch","year":"2007","unstructured":"Slotosch CM, Kampf G, Loffler H (2007) Effects of disinfectants and detergents on skin irritation. Contact Dermat 57(4):235\u2013241","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"1","key":"1781_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1992.tb00861.x","volume":"26","author":"HA Smit","year":"1992","unstructured":"Smit HA, Coenraads PJ, Lavrijsen AP, Nater JP (1992) Evaluation of a self-administered questionnaire on hand dermatitis. Contact Dermat 26(1):11\u201316","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"6","key":"1781_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12429","volume":"73","author":"JA Sorensen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sorensen JA, Clemmensen KK, Nixon RL, Diepgen TL, Agner T (2015) Tobacco smoking and hand eczema\u2014is there an association? Contact Dermat 73(6):326\u2013335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.12429","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"3","key":"1781_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00540.x","volume":"33","author":"L Stingeni","year":"1995","unstructured":"Stingeni L, Lapomarda V, Lisi P (1995) Occupational hand dermatitis in hospital environments. Contact Dermat 33(3):172\u2013176","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"1","key":"1781_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.1996.tb00555.x","volume":"7","author":"L Stingeni","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stingeni L, Lapomarda V, Lisi P (1996) Undesirable effects from latex gloves in hospital health-care personnel. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 7(1):44\u201348","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1781_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00511.x","volume":"33","author":"J Tacke","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tacke J, Schmidt A, Fartasch M, Diepgen TL (1995) Occupational contact dermatitis in bakers, confectioners and cooks. A population-based study. Contact Dermat 33(2):112\u2013117","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"7","key":"1781_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqp034","volume":"59","author":"S Teo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Teo S, Teik-Jin Goon A, Siang LH, Lin GS, Koh D (2009) Occupational dermatoses in restaurant, catering and fast-food outlets in Singapore. Occup Med (oxf, Engl) 59(7):466\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/occmed\/kqp034","journal-title":"Occup Med (oxf, Engl)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1781_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01669.x","volume":"62","author":"JP Thyssen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thyssen JP, Johansen JD, Linneberg A, Menne T (2010) The epidemiology of hand eczema in the general population\u2014prevalence and main findings. Contact Dermat 62(2):75\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01669.x","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"key":"1781_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12470","author":"D Tiedemann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tiedemann D, Clausen ML, John SM, Angelova-Fischer I, Kezic S, Agner T (2015) Effect of glove occlusion on the skin barrier. Contact Dermat. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.12470","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"5","key":"1781_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.2012-0222","volume":"52","author":"M Tsunoda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tsunoda M et al (2014) Skin irritation to glass wool or continuous glass filaments as observed by a patch test among human japanese volunteers. Ind Health 52(5):439\u2013444","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"1781_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08045.x","volume":"157","author":"S Turner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Turner S et al (2007) The incidence of occupational skin disease as reported to The Health and Occupation Reporting (THOR) network between 2002 and 2005. Br J Dermatol 157(4):713\u2013722","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1781_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s004200050310","volume":"71","author":"W Uter","year":"1998","unstructured":"Uter W, Pfahlberg A, Gefeller O, Schwanitz HJ (1998a) Prevalence and incidence of hand dermatitis in hairdressing apprentices: results of the POSH study Prevention of occupational skin disease in hairdressers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 71(7):487\u2013492","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"1781_CR105","first-page":"151","volume":"46","author":"W Uter","year":"1998","unstructured":"Uter W, Pfahlberg A, Gefeller O, Schwanitz HJ (1998b) Risk factors for hand dermatitis in hairdressing apprentices. Results of the 'Prevention of occupational skin disease in hairdressers\u2019 study. Derm Beruf Umwelt 46(4):151\u2013158","journal-title":"Derm Beruf Umwelt"},{"issue":"5","key":"1781_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06162.x","volume":"41","author":"W Uter","year":"1999","unstructured":"Uter W, Pfahlberg A, Gefeller O, Schwanitz HJ (1999a) Hand dermatitis in a prospectively-followed cohort of hairdressing apprentices: final results of the POSH study. Prevention of occupational skin disease in hairdressers. Contact Dermat 41(5):280\u2013286","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"5","key":"1781_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.459","volume":"25","author":"W Uter","year":"1999","unstructured":"Uter W, Pfahlberg A, Gefeller O, Schwanitz HJ (1999b) Risk of hand dermatitis among hairdressers versus office workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 25(5):450\u2013456","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"1781_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200105000-00016","volume":"12","author":"R Vermeulen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Vermeulen R, Kromhout H, Bruynzeel DP, de Boer EM, Brunekreef B (2001) Dermal exposure, handwashing, and hand dermatitis in the rubber manufacturing industry. Epidemiology 12(3):350\u2013354","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1781_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2012.02101.x","volume":"67","author":"L Vester","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vester L, Thyssen JP, Menne T, Johansen JD (2012) Consequences of occupational food-related hand dermatoses with a focus on protein contact dermatitis. Contact Dermat 67(6):328\u2013333","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"2","key":"1781_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12083","volume":"168","author":"MJ Visser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Visser MJ et al (2013) Impact of atopic dermatitis and loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene on the development of occupational irritant contact dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 168(2):326\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.12083","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1781_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12139","volume":"70","author":"MJ Visser","year":"2014","unstructured":"Visser MJ et al (2014a) Filaggrin loss-of-function mutations and atopic dermatitis as risk factors for hand eczema in apprentice nurses: part II of a prospective cohort study. Contact Dermat 70(3):139\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.12139","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"1","key":"1781_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12131","volume":"70","author":"MJ Visser","year":"2014","unstructured":"Visser MJ, Verberk MM, van Dijk FJ, Bakker JG, Bos JD, Kezic S (2014b) Wet work and hand eczema in apprentice nurses; part I of a prospective cohort study. Contact Dermat 70(1):44\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.12131","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"issue":"4","key":"1781_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13481","volume":"172","author":"W Weistenhofer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weistenhofer W, Wacker M, Bernet F, Uter W, Drexler H (2015) Occlusive gloves and skin conditions: is there a problem? Results of a cross-sectional study in a semiconductor company. Br J Dermatol 172(4):1058\u20131065","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"1781_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1080\/10937404.2017.1304741","volume":"80","author":"W Weistenhofer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weistenhofer W, Uter W, Drexler H (2017) Protection during production: problems due to prevention? Nail and skin condition after prolonged wearing of occlusive gloves. J Toxicol Environ Health Part A 80(7\u20138):396\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10937404.2017.1304741","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health Part A"}],"container-title":["International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00420-021-01781-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00420-021-01781-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00420-021-01781-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T21:58:57Z","timestamp":1675807137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00420-021-01781-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]]},"references-count":114,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00420-021-01781-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-0131","1432-1246"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-0131","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1246","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 October 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this review.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Request for access to data should be addressed to the corresponding author: gitte.hojbjerg.jacobsen@rsyd.dk.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data sharing statement"}}]}}