{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T15:05:28Z","timestamp":1789571128475,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635897600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Occup Environ Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-021-01814-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T22:02:49Z","timestamp":1635976969000},"page":"1079-1090","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The impact of work-related stress on the cognition domain of executive functioning of health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Sahar Ali","family":"Farahat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omnia Raafat","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatem Sherif","family":"Hamdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5669-4273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marwa Mohammed","family":"Fouad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"1814_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.21608\/ejom.2019.31413","volume":"43","author":"A Abd-Allah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abd-Allah A, El-Hawy L (2019) Burnout and health related quality of life among resident physicians in Zagazig University Hospitals. Egypt J Occup Med 43:189\u2013204","journal-title":"Egypt J Occup Med"},{"key":"1814_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.590190","volume":"8","author":"AS Abdelhafiz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdelhafiz AS, Ali A, Ziady HH, Maaly AM, Alorabi M, Sultan EA (2020) Prevalence, associated factors, and consequences of burnout among egyptian physicians during COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 8:864","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"1814_CR3","unstructured":"Abdelkader F, Rageb EM (2010) Questionnaire on work-related stress. Anlgo-Egyptian Library. https:\/\/www.anglo-egyptian.com\/ar\/book.php?id=15388. Retrieved on 14 June 2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"1814_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0247679","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247679","volume":"16","author":"E Alnazly","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alnazly E, Khraisat OM, Al-Bashaireh AM, Bryant CL (2021) Anxiety, depression, stress, fear and social support during COVID-19 pandemic among Jordanian healthcare workers. PLoS ONE 16(3):e0247679","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1814_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.09.080","volume":"278","author":"A Arafa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arafa A, Mohammed Z, Mahmoud O, Elshazley M, Ewis A (2021) Depressed, anxious, and stressed: What have healthcare workers on the frontlines in Egypt and Saudi Arabia experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic? J Affect Disord 278:365\u2013371","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"10","key":"1814_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5051","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18105051","volume":"18","author":"F Bellanti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bellanti F, Lo Buglio A, Capuano E, Dobrakowski M, Kasperczyk A, Kasperczyk S, Ventriglio A, Vendemiale G (2021) Factors Related to Nurses\u2019 Burnout during the First Wave of Coronavirus Disease-19 in a University Hospital in Italy. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18(10):5051","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"1814_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2007.038430","volume":"65","author":"JP Bonde","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bonde JP (2008) Psychosocial factors at work and risk of depression: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence. Occup Environ Med 65(7):438\u2013445","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"1814_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carmassi C, Foghi C, Dell'Oste V, Cordone A, Bertelloni CA, Bui E, Dell'Osso L (2020) PTSD symptoms in healthcare workers facing the three coronavirus outbreaks: what can we expect after the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res 292:113312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113312"},{"issue":"1","key":"1814_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1002\/rnj.107","volume":"39","author":"CC Caruso","year":"2014","unstructured":"Caruso CC (2014) Negative impacts of shiftwork and long work hours. Rehabil Nurs 39(1):16\u201325","journal-title":"Rehabil Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"1814_CR10","first-page":"107","volume":"28","author":"P Deligkaris","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deligkaris P, Panagopoulou E, Montgomery AJ, Masoura E (2014) Job burnout and cognitive functioning: a systematic review. Work Stress 28(2):107\u2013123","journal-title":"Work Stress"},{"issue":"3","key":"1814_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajme.2017.06.004","volume":"54","author":"NS Elshaer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elshaer NS, Moustafa MS, Aiad MW, Ramadan MI (2018) Job stress and burnout syndrome among critical care healthcare workers. Alexandria J Med 54(3):273\u2013277","journal-title":"Alexandria J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1814_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2015.1004629","volume":"18","author":"A Eskildsen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eskildsen A, Andersen LP, Pedersen AD, Vandborg SK, Andersen JH (2015) Work-related stress is associated with impaired neuropsychological test performance: a clinical cross-sectional study. Stress 18(2):198\u2013207","journal-title":"Stress"},{"issue":"6","key":"1814_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2012-101000","volume":"70","author":"MB Grynderup","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grynderup MB, Mors O, Hansen \u00c5M, Andersen JH, Bonde JP, K\u00e6rgaard A, K\u00e6rlev L, Mikkelsen S, Rugulies R, Thomsen JF, Kolstad HA (2013) Work-unit measures of organisational justice and risk of depression\u2014a 2-year cohort study. Occup Environ Med 70(6):380\u2013385","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"1814_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JAA.0000669772.78848.8c","volume":"33","author":"H Hall","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hall H (2020) The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers\u2019 mental health. JAAPA 33(7):45\u201348","journal-title":"JAAPA"},{"issue":"1","key":"1814_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-14-66","volume":"14","author":"K Hasselberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hasselberg K, Jonsdottir IH, Ellbin S, Skagert K (2014) Self-reported stressors among patients with exhaustion disorder: an exploratory study of patient records. BMC Psychiatry 14(1):66\u201376","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"1814_CR16","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"RK Heaton","year":"1993","unstructured":"Heaton RK, Staff PA (1993) Wisconsin card sorting test: computer version 2. Odessa Psychol Assessm Resour 4:1\u20134","journal-title":"Odessa Psychol Assessm Resour"},{"issue":"3","key":"1814_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2012.03.006","volume":"84","author":"D Hendrawan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hendrawan D, Yamakawa K, Kimura M, Murakami H, Ohira H (2012) Executive functioning performance predicts subjective and physiological acute stress reactivity: preliminary results. Int J Psychophysiol 84(3):277\u2013283","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"1814_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S495","DOI":"10.4103\/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_844_20","volume":"62","author":"M Irfan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Irfan M, Naeem F, Afridi MI, Javed A (2020) Prevention of occupational stress in health-care workers during COVID-19 pandemic. Indian J Psychiatry 62(Suppl 3):S495","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1814_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/11101849.2021.1891704","volume":"37","author":"TI Ismail","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ismail TI, Shehata SF, Mahrous RS (2021) Occupational stress and burnout among frontline Egyptian anesthesiologists during COVID-19 outbreak in Egypt. Egypt J Anaesth 37(1):91\u201399","journal-title":"Egypt J Anaesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"1814_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-020-02135-9","volume":"25","author":"H Jahrami","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jahrami H, BaHammam AS, AlGahtani H, Ebrahim A, Faris M, AlEid K, Saif Z, Haji E, Dhahi A, Marzooq H, Hubail S (2021) The examination of sleep quality for frontline healthcare workers during the outbreak of COVID-19. Sleep Breath 25(1):503\u2013511","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"2","key":"1814_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2012.708950","volume":"16","author":"IH Jonsdottir","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jonsdottir IH, Nordlund A, Ellbin S, Ljung T, Glise K, W\u00e4hrborg P, Wallin A (2013) Cognitive impairment in patients with stress-related exhaustion. Stress 16(2):181\u2013190","journal-title":"Stress"},{"issue":"8","key":"1814_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0237301","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237301","volume":"15","author":"TG Kannampallil","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kannampallil TG, Goss CW, Evanoff BA, Strickland JR, McAlister RP, Duncan J (2020) Exposure to COVID-19 patients increases physician trainee stress and burnout. PLoS ONE 15(8):e0237301","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"1814_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06279-6","volume":"21","author":"A Khajuria","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khajuria A, Tomaszewski W, Liu Z, Chen JH, Mehdian R, Fleming S, Vig S, Crawford MJ (2021) Workplace factors associated with mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: an international cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res 21(1):262","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1814_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s43045-020-00070-9","volume":"27","author":"OO Khalaf","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khalaf OO, Khalil MA, Abdelmaksoud R (2020) Coping with depression and anxiety in Egyptian physicians during COVID-19 pandemic. Middle East Curr Psychiatry 27(1):1\u20137","journal-title":"Middle East Curr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1814_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.31582","volume":"48","author":"A Kohli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kohli A, Kaur M (2006) Wisconsin card sorting test: normative data and experience. Indian J Psychiatry 48(3):181","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"1814_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0878-4","volume":"26","author":"JH Krystal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Krystal JH (2020) Responding to the hidden pandemic for healthcare workers: stress. Nat Med 26(5):639","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1814_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e203976","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976","volume":"3","author":"J Lai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, Wu J, Du H, Chen T, Li R, Tan H (2020) Factors associated with mental health outcomes among healthcare workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open 3(3):e203976","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"1814_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e790","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30204-7","volume":"8","author":"Q Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu Q, Luo D, Haase JE, Guo Q, Wang XQ, Liu S, Xia L, Liu Z, Yang J, Yang BX (2020) The experiences of health-care providers during the COVID-19 crisis in China: a qualitative study. Lancet Glob Health 8(6):e790\u2013e798","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"1814_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-4115-4","volume":"42","author":"F Maltese","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maltese F, Adda M, Bablon A, Hraeich S, Guervilly C, Lehingue S, Wiramus S, Leone M, Martin C, Vialet R, Thirion X (2016) Night shift decreases cognitive performance of ICU physicians. Intensive Care Med 42(3):393\u2013400","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1814_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.52.1.397","volume":"52","author":"C Maslach","year":"2001","unstructured":"Maslach C, Schaufeli WB, Leiter MP (2001) Job burnout. Annu Rev Psychol 52(1):397\u2013422","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1814_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00041.2006","volume":"87","author":"BS McEwen","year":"2007","unstructured":"McEwen BS (2007) Physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation: central role of the brain. Physiol Rev 87(3):873\u2013904","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"1814_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.7326\/L20-0175","volume":"172","author":"K Ng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ng K, Poon BH, Kiat Puar TH, Shan Quah JL, Loh WJ, Wong YJ, Tan TY, Raghuram J (2020) COVID-19 and the risk to healthcare workers: a case report. Ann Intern Med 172(11):766\u2013767","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1814_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3256","volume":"38","author":"BG Oosterholt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oosterholt BG, Van der Linden D, Maes JH, Verbraak MJ, Kompier MA (2012) Burned out cognition\u2014cognitive functioning of burnout patients before and after a period with psychological treatment. Scand J Work Environ Health 38(4):358\u2013369","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1814_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890802049699","volume":"12","author":"K \u00d6sterberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"\u00d6sterberg K, Karlson B, Hansen \u00c5M (2009) Cognitive performance in patients with burnout, in relation to diurnal salivary cortisol: original research report. Stress 12(1):70\u201381","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"1814_CR35","volume-title":"Overcoming job burnout: how to renew enthusiasm for work","author":"BA Potter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Potter BA (2009) Overcoming job burnout: how to renew enthusiasm for work, 3rd edn. Ronin Publishing Inc, Oakland","edition":"3"},{"key":"1814_CR36","first-page":"100879","volume":"35","author":"K Prasad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prasad K, McLoughlin C, Stillman M, Poplau S, Goelz E, Taylor S, Nankivil N, Brown R, Linzer M, Cappelucci K, Barbouche M (2021) Prevalence and correlates of stress and burnout among US healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national cross-sectional survey study. E Clin Med 35:100879","journal-title":"E Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1814_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzy097","volume":"31","author":"A Salam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Salam A, Segal DM, Abu-Helalah MA, Gutierrez ML, Joosub I, Ahmed W, Bibi R, Clarke E, Qarni AA (2019) The impact of work-related stress on medication errors in Eastern Region Saudi Arabia. Int J Qual healthcare 31(1):30\u201335","journal-title":"Int J Qual healthcare"},{"issue":"3","key":"1814_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.1222","volume":"4","author":"C Sandi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sandi C (2013) Stress and cognition. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci 4(3):245\u2013261","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1814_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890.2016.1192603","volume":"19","author":"GS Shields","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shields GS, Trainor BC, Lam JC, Yonelinas AP (2016) Acute stress impairs cognitive flexibility in men, not women. Stress 19(5):542\u2013546","journal-title":"Stress"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1814_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-8141(94)90014-0","volume":"14","author":"AM Williamson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Williamson AM (1994) Managing stress in the workplace: part II\u2014the scientific basis (knowledge base) for the guide. Int J Ind Ergon 14(1\u20132):171\u2013196","journal-title":"Int J Ind Ergon"},{"issue":"13","key":"1814_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648","volume":"323","author":"Z Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu Z, McGoogan JM (2020) Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA 323(13):1239\u20131242","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"1814_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-014-0716-5","volume":"122","author":"X Yu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yu X, Wang P, Zhai X, Dai H, Yang Q (2015) The effect of work stress on job burnout among teachers: the mediating role of self-efficacy. Soc Indic Res 122(3):701\u2013708","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1814_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e07035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e07035","volume":"7","author":"S Zare","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zare S, Esmaeili R, Kazemi R, Naseri S, Panahi D (2021) Occupational stress assessment of healthcare workers (HCWs) facing COVID-19 patients in Kerman province hospitals in Iran. Heliyon 7(5):e07035","journal-title":"Heliyon"}],"container-title":["International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00420-021-01814-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00420-021-01814-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00420-021-01814-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T15:46:31Z","timestamp":1675871191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00420-021-01814-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1814"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00420-021-01814-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-0131","1432-1246"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-0131","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1246","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 August 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 October 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 November 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None declared.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University has approved the study with approval number (MS-373-2020).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all the study participants","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}