{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T03:10:34Z","timestamp":1740107434491,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652832000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003417","name":"Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Occup Environ Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Occupational exposure limits (OEL) for nitrogen oxides (NO, NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and diesel exhaust (EC-DPM) were reassessed by the German authorities in 2016\/2017. We performed a clinical cross-sectional study among salt and potash underground workers exposed to these substances at relatively high levels to examine possible indicators of acute effects on workers\u2019 health.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We measured post- versus pre-shift differences in cardiovascular, inflammatory, immune, and respiratory effect biomarkers and assessed their associations with personal exposures measured during the same shift. We also compared post- versus pre-shift differences in biomarker levels between exposure groups defined based on work site and job type.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>None of the above-ground workers exceeded the OEL for NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and only 5% exceeded the OEL for EC-DPM exposure. Among underground workers, 33% of miners and 7% underground maintenance workers exceeded the OEL for NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>; the OEL for EC-DPM was exceeded by 56% of miners and 17% of maintenance workers.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Some effect biomarkers (thrombocytes, neutrophils, MPO, TNF-\u03b1, IgE, FeNO) showed statistically significant differences between pre- versus post-shift measurements; however, there were no consistent associations between pre- and post-shift differences and exposure group or personal exposure measurements during the shift.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We did not find evidence of associations between workplace exposure to NO, NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> or EC-DPM and clinically relevant indicators of acute cardiovascular, inflammatory and immune, or respiratory effects among salt and potash underground workers in Germany.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-022-01876-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T11:02:55Z","timestamp":1652871775000},"page":"1817-1828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Underground salt and potash workers exposed to nitrogen oxides and diesel exhaust: assessment of specific effect biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9694-5057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Gamrad-Streubel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa-Marie","family":"Haase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharina K.","family":"Rudolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"R\u00fchle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette M.","family":"Bachand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0972-4104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lori","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9700-8679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Mundt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6831-7854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"B\u00fcnger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Pallapies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5340-5584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk","family":"Taeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0148-8859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swaantje","family":"Casjens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Molkenthin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Savo","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Giesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Br\u00fcning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3882-7743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Birk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"Ausschuss f\u00fcr Gefahrstoffe (BAuA) (2021) Technische Regel f\u00fcr Gefahrstoffe: TRGS 900 Arbeitsplatzgrenzwerte. 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B\u00fcnger, D. Pallapies, D. Taeger, S. Casjens, A. Molkenthin, S. Neumann, and T.\u00a0Br\u00fcning, as staff of the Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine (IPA), were employed until the end of 2021 at the German Social Accident Insurance Institution for the Raw Materials and Chemical Industry (BG RCI), a public body. IPA is an independent research institute of the Ruhr University Bochum.J. Giesen and V. Neumann, as staff of the Institute for the Research on Hazardous Substances (IGF), Bochum, Germany, are also employed at the German Social Accident Insurance Institution for the Raw Materials and Chemical Industry (BG RCI). IGF is an independent research institute.L. Gamrad-Streubel, L.-M. Haase, K. K. Rudolph, K. R\u00fchle, T. Birk, A. M. Bachand and L. Crawford are staff of Ramboll, a consultancy which was responsible for the design, implementation, and analyses of the study as an independent party. K. A. Mundt provided study design and technical support as an independent consultant under an agreement with Ramboll. In addition, it should be noted that he is a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of the International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. Ramboll was commissioned by the German Social Accident Insurance Institution for the Raw Materials and Chemical Industry (BG RCI) to conduct the study.The authors are independent of the sponsors in all aspects of this research including study design, access to the collected data, responsibility for data analysis and interpretation, and the right to publish. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the sponsors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study methods were reviewed and approved prior to data collection by the independent ethical review committee of the Ruhr University Bochum (registration no.: 17-6024). Following informed consent by the participants, study data were pseudonymized for identity protection and are reported in the aggregate. This study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all study participants. They were informed about the study in advance and were also informed by the study physician.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Study participants signed informed consent regarding evaluation and publication of the data. Collected data were pseudonymized and results were presented in the aggregate to protect individual identities.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}}]}}