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Our aim was to compare disease-specific mortality by estimated occupational exposure to vapors, gasses, dusts, and fumes (VGDF).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The data source is the Helsinki part of the population-based FinEsS study on chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases including information on age, education level, main occupation, sex, and tobacco smoking combined with death registry information. We compared estimated VGDF exposure to mortality using adjusted competing-risks regression for disease-specific survival analysis for a 24-year follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Compared to the no-exposure group, the high occupational VGDF exposure group had sub-hazard ratios (sHR) of 1.7 (95% CI 1.3\u20132.2) for all cardiovascular-related and sHR 2.1 (1.5\u20133.9) for just coronary artery-related mortality. It also had sHR 1.7 (1.0\u20132.8) for Alzheimer\u2019s or vascular dementia-related mortality and sHR 1.7(1.2\u20132.4) for all respiratory disease-related mortality.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Long-term occupational exposure to VGDF increased the hazard of mortality- to cardiovascular-, respiratory-, and dementia-related causes. This emphasizes the need for minimizing occupational long-term respiratory exposure to dust, gasses, and fumes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-023-02031-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T11:02:10Z","timestamp":1702983730000},"page":"145-154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Occupational exposure to vapors, gasses, dusts, and fumes in relation to causes of death during 24\u00a0years in Helsinki, Finland"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6898-972X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juuso","family":"Jalasto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritva","family":"Luukkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ari","family":"Lindqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnulf","family":"Langhammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannu","family":"Kankaanranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Backman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"R\u00f6nmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anssi","family":"Sovij\u00e4rvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e4ivi","family":"Piiril\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Kauppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"27","key":"2031_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4391","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7501","volume":"36","author":"PC Austin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Austin PC, Fine JP (2017) Practical recommendations for reporting fine-gray model analyses for competing risk data. 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Dr. Kauppi reports consultancy fee from Sanofi and lecture fee from GSK. Dr. Kauppi also holds positions as a member of the board of the Finnish Respiratory Society and as a member of the Grant Committee of the Tuberculosis Foundation of Finland. Dr. Backman reports fees from Astra Zeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim and GSK. Dr. Langhammer reports fees from Astra Zeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim and Diagnostica. All other authors declare that they have nothing to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital. The subjects filled in a written informed consent form.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All participants of the study have signed an informed consent for research and publication.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}