{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T01:46:55Z","timestamp":1793411215924,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Occup Environ Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Air pollution has been an important risk factor for human health. However, little is known about the impacts of air pollutants on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in men. We aimed to explore the association of long-term exposure to air pollutants with BPH among men.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We leveraged the nationally representative data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, a total of 8,826 participants aged 45 years and above from 125 Chinese cities were enrolled in 2015. Annual fine particulate matter (PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>), coarse particles (PM<jats:sub>2.5\u221210<\/jats:sub>), nitrogen dioxide (NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone were estimated using satellite-based models. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the risk of BPH associated with air pollutants. The restricted cubic spline model was performed to explore the exposure-response relationships with BPH.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Of the 8,826 participants (mean age: 60.3 years), the prevalence of BPH was 14.5%. Each 10\u00a0\u00b5g\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> rise in PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> (odds ratio 1.04, 95% confidence intervals: 1.01\u20131.07) and PM<jats:sub>2.5\u221210<\/jats:sub> (1.06, 1.02\u20131.10) were associated with prevalent BPH. Compared with the lowest quartile levels, higher PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> and PM<jats:sub>2.5\u221210<\/jats:sub> exposure were related to an increased risk of BPH. There were non-linear relationship between PM<jats:sub>2.5\u221210<\/jats:sub> and NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> exposure with prevalent BPH. The association with BPH was more pronounced in participants who were overweight\/obesity.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study suggests that long-term air pollutants exposure, especially for PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> and PM<jats:sub>2.5\u221210<\/jats:sub>, is associated with BPH among middle-aged and older men. Our findings provide epidemiological evidence for policymakers and researchers to improve prostate health by reducing air pollution.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-025-02127-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T08:35:57Z","timestamp":1741941357000},"page":"321-329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Association of long-term exposure to air pollutants with benign prostatic hyperplasia among middle-aged and older men in China"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Wenming","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie V.","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2127_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Awedew AF, Han H, Abbasi B (2022) The global, regional, and national burden of benign prostatic. Lancet Health Longev 3(11):e754\u2013e776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2666-7568(22)00213-6. hyperplasia in 204 countries and territories from 2000 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(22)00213-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"2127_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj151","volume":"164","author":"JP Burke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Burke JP, Rhodes T, Jacobson DJ (2006) Association of anthropometric measures with the presence and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Am J Epidemiol 164(1):41\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwj151","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2127_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17008","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP2711","volume":"127","author":"R Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen R, Yin P, Meng X (2019) Associations between Coarse Particulate Matter Air Pollution and cause-specific mortality: a nationwide analysis in 272 Chinese cities. Environ Health Perspect 127(1):17008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/EHP2711","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"7834","key":"2127_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2902-8","volume":"587","author":"KR Daellenbach","year":"2020","unstructured":"Daellenbach KR, Uzu G, Jiang J (2020) Sources of particulate-matter air pollution and its oxidative potential in Europe. Nature 587(7834):414\u2013419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2902-8","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"2127_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2016.04.001","volume":"43","author":"KB Egan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Egan KB (2016) The Epidemiology of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Associated with lower urinary tract symptoms: Prevalence and Incident Rates. Urol Clin N Am 43(3):289\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ucl.2016.04.001","journal-title":"Urol Clin N Am"},{"issue":"12","key":"2127_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI21625","volume":"114","author":"S Furukawa","year":"2004","unstructured":"Furukawa S, Fujita T, Shimabukuro M (2004) Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest 114(12):1752\u20131761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI21625","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"2127_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114340","volume":"215","author":"S Han","year":"2022","unstructured":"Han S, Zhang F, Yu H (2022) Systemic inflammation accelerates the adverse effects of air pollution on metabolic syndrome: findings from the China health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Environ Res 215(Pt 1):114340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114340","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2127_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.3109\/08958370903527908","volume":"22","author":"MS Happo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Happo MS, Salonen RO, Halinen AI (2010) Inflammation and tissue damage in mouse lung by single and repeated dosing of urban air coarse and fine particles collected from six European cities. Inhal Toxicol 22(5):402\u2013416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/08958370903527908","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2127_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbac162","volume":"78","author":"K Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu K, Hale JM, Kulu H (2023) A Longitudinal Analysis of the Association between Long-Term exposure to Air Pollution and cognitive function among adults aged 45 and older in China. J Gerontol Ser B-Psychol Sci Soc Sci 78(3):556\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronb\/gbac162","journal-title":"J Gerontol Ser B-Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"2127_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hutcheon JA, Chiolero A, Hanley JA (2010) Random measurement error and regression dilution bias. BMJ-British Med J 340c2289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.c2289","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c2289"},{"issue":"10045","key":"2127_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00378-0","volume":"388","author":"JD Kaufman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaufman JD, Adar SD, Barr RG (2016) Association between air pollution and coronary artery calcification within six metropolitan areas in the USA (the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis and Air Pollution): a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet 388(10045):696\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00378-0","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2127_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kayyal-Tarabeia I, Zick A, Kloog I (2024) Beyond lung cancer: air pollution and bladder, breast and prostate cancer incidence. Int J Epidemiol 53(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyae093","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyae093"},{"issue":"1","key":"2127_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09671-9","volume":"20","author":"X Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li X, Zhang W, Zhang W (2020) Level of physical activity among middle-aged and older Chinese people: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 20(1):1682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-020-09671-9","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2127_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eehl.2022.10.002","volume":"1","author":"C Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu C, Chen R, Meng X (2022) Criteria air pollutants and hospitalizations of a wide spectrum of cardiovascular diseases: a nationwide case-crossover study in China. Eco Environ Health 1(4):204\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eehl.2022.10.002","journal-title":"Eco Environ Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2127_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18834-x","volume":"24","author":"X Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu X, Ma K, Liu S (2024) Household air pollution and urinary incontinence symptoms among older adults in LASI: a large-scale population-based study. BMC Public Health 24(1):1462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-18834-x","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2127_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morita T, Kubo KK, Fujisaki A (2013) Involvement of magnitude of ambient temperature change in nonspecific effect in perceived placebo effect on lower urinary tract symptoms: study on switching of naftopidil in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. RES. REP. UROL. 583\u2013 9010.2147\/RRU.S42583","DOI":"10.2147\/RRU.S42583"},{"issue":"2","key":"2127_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.03.103","volume":"178","author":"JK Parsons","year":"2007","unstructured":"Parsons JK (2007) Modifiable risk factors for benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms: new approaches to old problems. J Urol 178(2):395\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2007.03.103","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"2127_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.11.029","volume":"189","author":"JK Parsons","year":"2013","unstructured":"Parsons JK, Sarma AV, Mcvary K (2013) Obesity and benign prostatic hyperplasia: clinical connections, emerging etiological paradigms and future directions. J Urol 189(1 Suppl):S102\u2013S106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2012.11.029","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2127_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1215\/00703370-9830687","volume":"59","author":"CF Payne","year":"2022","unstructured":"Payne CF, Xu KQ (2022) Life Course Socioeconomic Status and healthy longevity in China. Demography 59(2):629\u2013652. 10.1215\/00703370\u20139830687.","journal-title":"Demography"},{"issue":"18","key":"2127_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.18.2172","volume":"299","author":"RD Peng","year":"2008","unstructured":"Peng RD, Chang HH, Bell ML (2008) Coarse particulate matter air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases among Medicare patients. JAMA-J Am Med Assoc 299(18):2172\u20132179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.299.18.2172","journal-title":"JAMA-J Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"2127_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1080\/13685538.2018.1552253","volume":"23","author":"YH Peng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peng YH, Huang CW, Chou CY (2020) Association between Asthma and risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a retrospective population-based study. Aging Male 23(5):599\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13685538.2018.1552253","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"issue":"1","key":"2127_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3109\/03014460.2015.1013986","volume":"43","author":"M Radwan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Radwan M, Jurewicz J, Polanska K (2016) Exposure to ambient air pollution\u2013does it affect semen quality and the level of reproductive hormones? Ann. Hum Biol 43(1):50\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/03014460.2015.1013986","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2127_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sxmr.2018.10.006","volume":"7","author":"G Rastrelli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rastrelli G, Vignozzi L, Corona G (2019) Testosterone and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Sex Med Rev 7(2):259\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sxmr.2018.10.006","journal-title":"Sex Med Rev"},{"key":"2127_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shi W, Liu C, Annesi-Maesano I, Ambient (2021) PM(2.5) and its chemical constituents on lifetime-ever pneumonia in Chinese children: a multi-center study. Environ Int 146106176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106176"},{"key":"2127_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shi W, Zhang T, Yu Y (2023) Association of indoor solid fuel use and long-term exposure to ambient PM(2.5) with sarcopenia in China: a nationwide cohort study. Chemosphere 344140356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140356"},{"key":"2127_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shi W, Li Y, Huang Y (2024) Association of indoor solid fuel pollution with risk factors for cardiovascular disease among Chinese adults: a nationally multi-center study. Build Environ 256111513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.buildenv.2024.111513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2024.111513"},{"issue":"5","key":"2127_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1080\/19338244.2015.1093458","volume":"71","author":"SR Shim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shim SR, Kim JH, Song YS (2016) Association between air pollution and benign prostatic hyperplasia: an ecological study. Arch Environ Occup Health 71(5):289\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19338244.2015.1093458","journal-title":"Arch Environ Occup Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2127_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12745","volume":"115","author":"M Speakman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Speakman M, Kirby R, Doyle S (2015) Burden of male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) - focus on the UK. BJU Int 115(4):508\u2013519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bju.12745","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2127_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2011.10250.x","volume":"109","author":"SP Stroup","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stroup SP, Palazzi-Churas K, Kopp RP (2012) Trends in adverse events of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the USA, 1998 to 2008. BJU Int 109(1):84\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2011.10250.x","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"2127_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tian Y, Liu H, Wu Y (2019) Association between ambient fine particulate pollution and hospital admissions for cause specific cardiovascular disease: time series study in 184 major Chinese cities. BMJ-British Med J 367l6572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l6572","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l6572"},{"issue":"1","key":"2127_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03722-y","volume":"20","author":"YB Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang YB, Yang L, Deng YQ (2022) Causal relationship between obesity, lifestyle factors and risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a univariable and multivariable mendelian randomization study. J Transl Med 20(1):495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-022-03722-y","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"2127_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wei D, Li S, Liu X (2021a) Long-term exposure to particulate matter and residential greenness in relation to androgen and progesterone levels among rural Chinese adults. Environ Int 153106483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106483"},{"key":"2127_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wei J, Li Z, Xue W (2021b) The ChinaHighPM(10) dataset: generation, validation, and spatiotemporal variations from 2015 to 2019 across China. Environ Int 146106290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106290"},{"key":"2127_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wei J, Li Z, Li K (2022) Full-coverage mapping and spatiotemporal variations of ground-level ozone (O3) pollution from 2013 to 2020 across China. Remote Sens Environ 270112775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rse.2021.112775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2021.112775"},{"issue":"46","key":"2127_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18282","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c00272","volume":"57","author":"J Wei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wei J, Li Z, Chen X (2023a) Separating Daily 1 km PM(2.5) Inorganic Chemical composition in China since 2000 via Deep Learning Integrating Ground, Satellite, and Model Data. Environ Sci Technol 57(46):18282\u201318295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.3c00272","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2127_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-23-1511-2023","volume":"23","author":"J Wei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wei J, Li Z, Wang J (2023b) Ground-level gaseous pollutants (NO2, SO2, and CO) in China: daily seamless mapping and spatiotemporal variations. Atmos Chem Phys 23(2):1511\u20131532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-23-1511-2023","journal-title":"Atmos Chem Phys"},{"issue":"5","key":"2127_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1080\/13685538.2020.1781806","volume":"23","author":"Y Xiong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiong Y, Zhang Y, Li X (2020) The prevalence and associated factors of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia in aging males. Aging Male 23(5):1432\u20131439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13685538.2020.1781806","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"issue":"6","key":"2127_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.4103\/aja.aja_12_21","volume":"23","author":"Y Xiong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiong Y, Zhang YC, Jin T (2021) Depressive males have higher odds of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a retrospective cohort study based on propensity score matching. Asian J Androl 23(6):633\u2013639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aja.aja_12_21","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"issue":"1","key":"2127_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/13685538.2022.2079627","volume":"25","author":"Y Xiong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiong Y, Zhang Y, Zhang F (2022) Reduced sleep duration increases the risk of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia in middle-aged and elderly males: a national cross-sectional study. Aging Male 25(1):159\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13685538.2022.2079627","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"issue":"4","key":"2127_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e219","DOI":"10.1097\/EE9.0000000000000219","volume":"6","author":"L Youogo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Youogo L, Parent ME, Hystad P (2022) Ambient air pollution and prostate cancer risk in a population-based Canadian case-control study. Environ Epidemiol 6(4):e219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/EE9.0000000000000219","journal-title":"Environ Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2127_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-022-00371-6","volume":"9","author":"XT Zeng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zeng XT, Jin YH, Liu TZ (2022) Clinical practice guideline for transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia (2021 Edition). MILITARY MED RES 9(1):14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40779-022-00371-6","journal-title":"MILITARY MED RES"},{"key":"2127_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang W, Zhang X, Li H (2019) Prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS\/BPH) in China: results from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. BMJ Open 9(6). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022792. e22792","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022792"},{"issue":"6","key":"2127_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2022.100312","volume":"3","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Meng X, Shi S (2022a) Overview of particulate air pollution and human health in China: evidence, challenges, and opportunities. Innov (Camb) 3(6):100312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xinn.2022.100312","journal-title":"Innov (Camb)"},{"key":"2127_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang W, Cao G, Sun Y (2022b) Depressive symptoms in individuals diagnosed with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS\/BPH) in middle-aged and older Chinese individuals: results from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. J Affect Disord 296660\u2013296666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.045"},{"issue":"1","key":"2127_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys203","volume":"43","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Hu Y, Smith JP (2014) Cohort profile: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Int J Epidemiol 43(1):61\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dys203","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2127_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao Q, Feng Q, Seow WJ (2025) Impact of air pollution on depressive symptoms and the modifying role of physical activity: evidence from the CHARLS study. J Hazard Mater 482136507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.136507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.136507"},{"issue":"3","key":"2127_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b05206","volume":"52","author":"N Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou N, Jiang C, Chen Q (2018) Exposures to Atmospheric PM(10) and PM(10\u2013 2.5) affect male Semen Quality: results of MARHCS Study. Environ Sci Technol 52(3):1571\u20131581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.7b05206","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"}],"container-title":["International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00420-025-02127-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00420-025-02127-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00420-025-02127-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,6]],"date-time":"2025-04-06T03:03:17Z","timestamp":1743908597000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00420-025-02127-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2127"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00420-025-02127-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-0131","1432-1246"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-0131","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1246","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The CHARLS was ethnically approved by the Peking University institutional review board (IRB00001052\u201311015). Informed consent was signed by each participant.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"None declared.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}