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Serum caffeine and paraxanthine were measured (pre, 30 and 120-min post-supplementation), and polymorphisms in ADORA2A (rs5751876) and CYP1A2 (rs762551) genes analysed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Caffeine enhanced exercise performance (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), but effects were not different between participants with ADORA2A \u2018high\u2019 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911) vs. \u2018low\u2019 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097) sensitivity genotype (+\u20096.4\u2009\u00b1\u20095.8 vs.\u2009+\u20098.2\u2009\u00b1\u20096.8%), or CYP1A2 \u2018fast\u2019 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910) vs. \u2018slow\u2019 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098) metabolism genotype (+\u20097.2\u2009\u00b1\u20095.9 vs.\u2009+\u20097.0\u2009\u00b1\u20096.7%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Caffeine enhanced PVT performance (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). The effect of caffeine was greater for CYP1A2 \u2018fast\u2019 vs. \u2018slow\u2019 metabolisers for reaction time during exercise (\u2212\u00a018\u2009\u00b1\u20099 vs. \u2212\u00a01.0\u2009\u00b1\u200911\u00a0ms); fastest 10% reaction time at rest (\u2212\u00a018\u2009\u00b1\u200911 vs. \u2212\u00a03\u2009\u00b1\u200915\u00a0ms) and lapses at rest (\u2212\u00a03.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.7 vs.\u2009+\u20090.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). There were no PVT differences between ADORA2A genotypes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Serum caffeine and paraxanthine responses were not different between genotypes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Caffeine enhanced CYP1A2 \u2018fast\u2019 metabolisers\u2019 cognitive performance more than \u2018slow\u2019 metabolisers. No other between-genotype differences emerged for the effect of caffeine on exercise or cognitive performance, or metabolism.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-020-04384-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]],"date-time":"2020-04-30T21:03:03Z","timestamp":1588280583000},"page":"1495-1508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["The effect of caffeine on cognitive performance is influenced by CYP1A2 but not ADORA2A genotype, yet neither genotype affects exercise performance in healthy adults"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7922-5549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander T.","family":"Carswell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4370-0974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Howland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2015-8783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Borja","family":"Martinez-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Baron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4340-0074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glen","family":"Davison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"4384_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1089\/jcr.2015.0029","volume":"6","author":"HA Algrain","year":"2016","unstructured":"Algrain HA, Thomas RM, Carrillo AE, Ryan EJ, Kim C, Lettan RB, Ryan EJ (2016) The effects of a polymorphism in the cytochrome P450 CYP1A2 gene on performance enhancement with caffeine in recreational cyclists. 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