{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:49:59Z","timestamp":1791910199756,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630713600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008017","name":"Flinders Medical Centre Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01.577.40388"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01.577.40388"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008017","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Appl Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-021-04805-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T09:02:56Z","timestamp":1630746176000},"page":"3409-3419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Bolus intravenous 0.9% saline leads to interstitial permeability pulmonary edema in healthy volunteers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9597-3571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanmo","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Bersten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ubbo","family":"Wiersema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Schembri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Cavallaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dani-Louise","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shailesh","family":"Bihari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"4805_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.5.1690","volume":"127","author":"E Agricola","year":"2005","unstructured":"Agricola E, Bove T, Oppizzi M, Marino G, Zangrillo A, Margonato A, Picano E (2005) Ultrasound comet-tail images: a marker of pulmonary edema: a comparative study with wedge pressure, and extravascular lung water. Chest 127(5):1690\u20131695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.127.5.1690","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"4805_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201212-2334OC","volume":"188","author":"LC Barr","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barr LC, Brittan M, Morris AC, McAuley DF, McCormack C, Fletcher AM, Richardson H, Connell M, Patel D, Wallace WA, Rossi AG, Davidson DJ, Manson L, Turner M, Hirani N, Walsh TS, Anderson NH, Dhaliwal K, Simpson AJ (2013) A randomized controlled trial of peripheral blood mononuclear cell depletion in experimental human lung inflammation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 188(4):449\u2013455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201212-2334OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4805_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-991520","volume":"28","author":"RP Baughman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baughman RP (2007) Technical aspects of bronchoalveolar lavage: recommendations for a standard procedure. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 28(5):475\u2013485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2007-991520","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4805_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e31829727f1","volume":"40","author":"S Bihari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bihari S, Prakash S, Bersten AD (2013) Post resuscitation fluid boluses in severe sepsis or septic shock: prevalence and efficacy (price study). Shock 40(1):28\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SHK.0b013e31829727f1","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"4805_CR5","first-page":"A3276","volume":"189","author":"S Bihari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bihari S, Wiersema W, Schembri D, Bersten AD (2014) Interstitial pulmonary edema despite normal echocardiographic indices in healthy volunteers following bolus iv saline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 189:A3276","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"4805_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00356.2015","volume":"119","author":"S Bihari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bihari S, Wiersema UF, Schembri D, De Pasquale CG, Dixon DL, Prakash S, Lawrence MD, Bowden JJ, Bersten AD (2015) Bolus intravenous 0.9% saline, but not 4% albumin or 5% glucose, causes interstitial pulmonary edema in healthy subjects. J Appl Physiol (1985) 119(7):783\u2013792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00356.2015","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"9","key":"4805_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-017-1983-1","volume":"469","author":"S Bihari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bihari S, Dixon DL, Lawrence MD, De Bellis D, Bonder CS, Dimasi DP, Bersten AD (2017) Fluid-induced lung injury-role of TRPV4 channels. Pflugers Arch 469(9):1121\u20131134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00424-017-1983-1","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"issue":"6","key":"4805_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01058.2018","volume":"126","author":"S Bihari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bihari S, Wiersema UF, Perry R, Schembri D, Bouchier T, Dixon D, Wong T, Bersten AD (2019) Efficacy and safety of 20% albumin fluid loading in healthy subjects: a comparison of four resuscitation fluids. J Appl Physiol (1985) 126(6):1646\u20131660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01058.2018","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"6","key":"4805_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182451c87","volume":"40","author":"CS Calfee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Calfee CS, Gallagher D, Abbott J, Thompson BT, Matthay MA (2012) Plasma angiopoietin-2 in clinical acute lung injury: prognostic and pathogenetic significance. Crit Care Med 40(6):1731\u20131737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182451c87","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4805_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-015-9521-8","volume":"21","author":"M Cameli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cameli M, Mondillo S, Solari M, Righini FM, Andrei V, Contaldi C, De Marco E, Di Mauro M, Esposito R, Gallina S, Montisci R, Rossi A, Galderisi M, Nistri S, Agricola E, Mele D (2016) Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular systolic function: from ejection fraction to torsion. Heart Fail Rev 21(1):77\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10741-015-9521-8","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"4805_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7110401","volume":"7","author":"MMS Chaves","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chaves MMS, Mendes MS, Schwermann MP, Queiroz R, Coelho RF, Salmito FTS, Meneses GC, Martins AMC, Moreira ACOM, Lib\u00f3rio AB (2018) Angiopoietin-2: a potential mediator of the glycocalyx injury in adult nephrotic patients. Clin Med 7(11):401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm7110401","journal-title":"Clin Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"4805_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-018-0044-0","volume":"14","author":"S Finfer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Finfer S, Myburgh J, Bellomo R (2018) Intravenous fluid therapy in critically ill adults. Nat Rev Nephrol 14(9):541\u2013557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41581-018-0044-0","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"4805_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/00128594-199807000-00003","volume":"5","author":"AJ Ghio","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ghio AJ, Bassett M, Chall A, Levin DG, Bromberg PA (1998) Bronchoscopy in healthy volunteers. J Bronchol 5:185\u2013194","journal-title":"J Bronchol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4805_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1590ST","volume":"200","author":"BL Graham","year":"2019","unstructured":"Graham BL, Steenbruggen I, Miller MR, Barjaktarevic IZ, Cooper BG, Hall GL, Hallstrand TS, Kaminsky DA, McCarthy K, McCormack MC, Oropez CE, Rosenfeld M, Stanojevic S, Swanney MP, Thompson BR (2019) Standardization of spirometry 2019 update. An Official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society technical statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 200(8):e70\u2013e88. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201908-1590ST","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4805_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028019866420","volume":"54","author":"DA Hammond","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hammond DA, Lam SW, Rech MA, Smith MN, Westrick J, Trivedi AP, Balk RA (2020) Balanced crystalloids versus saline in critically ill adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Pharmacother 54(1):5\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1060028019866420","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"1","key":"4805_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2534-2","volume":"23","author":"JA Hippensteel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hippensteel JA, Uchimido R, Tyler PD, Burke RC, Han X, Zhang F, McMurtry SA, Colbert JF, Lindsell CJ, Angus DC, Kellum JA, Yealy DM, Linhardt RJ, Shapiro NI, Schmidt EP (2019) Intravenous fluid resuscitation is associated with septic endothelial glycocalyx degradation. Crit Care 23(1):259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-019-2534-2","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"4805_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.02.012","volume":"93","author":"Z Jambrik","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jambrik Z, Monti S, Coppola V, Agricola E, Mottola G, Picano E (2004) Usefulness of ultrasound lung comets as a nonradiologic sign of extravascular lung water. Am J Cardiol 93(10):1265\u20131270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.02.012","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4805_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev014","volume":"16","author":"RM Lang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, Afilado J, Armstrong A, Ernande L, Flachskampf FA, Foster E, Goldstein SA, Kuznetsova T, Lancellotti P, Muraru D, Picard MH, Rietzschel ER, Rudski L, Spencer KT, Tsang W, Voigt J-U (2016) Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American society of echocardiography and the European association of cardiovascular imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 16(3):233\u2013270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjci\/jev014 (published correction appears in Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 17(4):412, 2016; published correction appears in Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 17(9):969)","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"4805_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003119","volume":"46","author":"MM Levy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Levy MM, Evans LE, Rhodes A (2018) The surviving sepsis campaign bundle: 2018 update. Crit Care Med 46(6):997\u20131000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003119","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4805_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.2.9711112","volume":"158","author":"DK Madtes","year":"1998","unstructured":"Madtes DK, Rubenfeld G, Klima LD, Milberg JA, Steinberg KP, Martin TR, Raghu G, Hudson LD, Clark JG (1998) Elevated transforming growth factor-alpha levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 158(2):424\u2013430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.158.2.9711112","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"26","key":"4805_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1101549","volume":"364","author":"K Maitland","year":"2011","unstructured":"Maitland K, Kiguli S, Opoka RO, Engoru C, Olupot-Olupot P, Akech SO, Nyeko R, Mtove G, Reyburn H, Lang T, Brent B, Evans JA, Tibenderana JK, Crawley J, Russell EC, Levin M, Babiker AG, Gibb DM, FEAST Trial Group (2011) Mortality after fluid bolus in African children with severe infection. N Engl J Med 364(26):2483\u20132495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1101549","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4805_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-014-0021-0","volume":"4","author":"PE Marik","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marik PE (2014) Iatrogenic salt water drowning and the hazards of a high central venous pressure. Ann Intensive Care 4:21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13613-014-0021-0","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"4805_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200503-451OC","volume":"172","author":"NA Maris","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maris NA, de Vos AF, Dessing MC, Spek CA, Lutter R, Jansen HM, van der Zee JS, Bresser P, van der Poll T (2005) Antiinflammatory effects of salmeterol after inhalation of lipopolysaccharide by healthy volunteers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 172(7):878\u2013884. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200503-451OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4805_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1975.38.5.786","volume":"38","author":"AL Muir","year":"1975","unstructured":"Muir AL, Flenley DC, Kirby BJ, Sudlow MF, Guyatt AR, Brash HM (1975) Cardiorespiratory effects of rapid saline infusion in normal man. J Appl Physiol 38(5):786\u2013875. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1975.38.5.786","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"4805_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.98.16.1644","volume":"98","author":"SF Nagueh","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nagueh SF, Mikati I, Kopelen HA, Middleton KJ, Qui\u00f1ones MA, Zoghbi WA (1998) Doppler estimation of left ventricular filling pressure in sinus tachycardia. A new application of tissue Doppler imaging. Circulation 98(16):1644\u20131650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.98.16.1644","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"12","key":"4805_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jew082","volume":"17","author":"SF Nagueh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nagueh SF, Smiseth OA, Appleton CP, Byrd BF, Dokainish H, Edvardsen T, Flachskampf FA, Gillebert TC, Klein AL, Lancellotti P, Marino P, Oh JK, Popescu BA, Waggoner AD (2016) Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 17(12):1321\u20131360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjci\/jew082","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"4805_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.3.9117030","volume":"155","author":"G Nakos","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nakos G, Pneumatikos J, Tsangaris I, Tellis C, Lekka M (1997) Proteins and phospholipids in BAL from patients with hydrostatic pulmonary edema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 155(3):945\u2013951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.155.3.9117030","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4805_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340050571","volume":"24","author":"G Nakos","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nakos G, Kitsiouli EI, Tsangaris I, Lekka ME (1998) Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid characteristics of early intermediate and late phases of ARDS. Alterations in leukocytes, proteins, PAF and surfactant components. Intensive Care Med 24(4):296\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s001340050571","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4805_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.4250\/jcu.2011.19.4.169","volume":"19","author":"JH Park","year":"2011","unstructured":"Park JH, Marwick TH (2011) Use and limitations of E\/e\u2019 to assess left ventricular filling pressure by echocardiography. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound 19(4):169\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4250\/jcu.2011.19.4.169","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Ultrasound"},{"issue":"2","key":"4805_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1067\/mje.2002.120202","volume":"15","author":"MA Qui\u00f1ones","year":"2002","unstructured":"Qui\u00f1ones MA, Otto CM, Stoddard M, Waggoner A, Zoghbi WA, Doppler Quantification Task Force of the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the American Society of Echocardiography (2002) Recommendations for quantification of Doppler echocardiography: a report from the Doppler Quantification Task Force of the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 15(2):167\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mje.2002.120202","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"2","key":"4805_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.2.532","volume":"60","author":"SI Rennard","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rennard SI, Basset G, Lecossier D, O\u2019Donnell KM, Pinkston P, Martin PG, Crystal RG (1986) Estimation of volume of epithelial lining fluid recovered by lavage using urea as marker of dilution. J Appl Physiol (1985) 60(2):532\u2013538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.2.532","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"7","key":"4805_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2010.05.010","volume":"23","author":"LG Rudski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J, Hua L, Handschumacher MD, Chandrasekaran K, Solomon SD, Louie EK, Schiller NB (2010) Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 23(7):685\u2013788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.echo.2010.05.010","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"9","key":"4805_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1711584","volume":"378","author":"MW Semler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Semler MW, Self WH, Rice TW (2018) Balanced crystalloids versus saline in critically ill adults. N Engl J Med 378(9):829\u2013839. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1711584","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"4805_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200810-1584OC","volume":"179","author":"M Shyamsundar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shyamsundar M, McKeown ST, O\u2019Kane CM, Craig TR, Brown V, Thickett DR, Matthay MA, Taggart CC, Backman JT, Elborn JS, McAuley DF (2009) Simvastatin decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammation in healthy volunteers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 179(12):1107\u20131114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200810-1584OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"25","key":"4805_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2308","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1216382110","volume":"110","author":"EA Solymosi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Solymosi EA, Kaestle-Gembardt SM, Vad\u00e1sz I, Wang L, Neye N, Chupin CJ, Rozowsky S, Ruehl R, Tabuchi A, Schulz H, Kapus A, Morty RE, Kuebler WM (2013) Chloride transport-driven alveolar fluid secretion is a major contributor to cardiogenic lung edema. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110(25):E2308\u2013E2316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1216382110","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"6","key":"4805_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1981.124.6.718","volume":"124","author":"CL Sprung","year":"1981","unstructured":"Sprung CL, Rackow EC, Fein IA, Jacob AI, Isikoff SK (1981) The spectrum of pulmonary edema: differentiation of cardiogenic, intermediate, and noncardiogenic forms of pulmonary edema. Am Rev Respir Dis 124(6):718\u2013722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/arrd.1981.124.6.718","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"4805_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006650","volume":"2","author":"G Thurston","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thurston G, Daly C (2012) The complex role of angiopoietin-2 in the angiopoietin-tie signaling pathway. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2(9):a006550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a006650","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4805_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00037902","volume":"21","author":"I Tsangaris","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tsangaris I, Lekka ME, Kitsiouli E, Constantopoulos S, Nakos G (2003) Bronchoalveolar lavage alterations during prolonged ventilation of patients without acute lung injury. Eur Respir Eur Respir J 21(3):495\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.03.00037902","journal-title":"Eur Respir Eur Respir J"},{"key":"4805_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2292-6","author":"R Uchimido","year":"2019","unstructured":"Uchimido R, Schmidt EP, Shapiro NI (2019) The glycocalyx: a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target in sepsis. Crit Care. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-018-2292-6","journal-title":"Crit Care"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00421-021-04805-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00421-021-04805-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00421-021-04805-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T14:07:34Z","timestamp":1636121254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00421-021-04805-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4805"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-021-04805-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1439-6319","1439-6327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1439-6319","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-6327","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 September 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest or competing interests associated with this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Southern Adelaide Clinical Human Research Ethics Committee (Application 49.16).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication of\u00a0data from the study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}