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The present study aimed to compare the kinematics between uphill roller skiing and on-snow skiing using the V2 sub-technique.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In a cross-over design, nine well-trained male skiers performed short trials (&lt;\u200940\u00a0s) at constant inclination (8.0\u00b0), speed (3.0\u00a0m\u2027s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), and controlled rolling\/gliding friction on asphalt (in the fall), on the treadmill (in the fall and winter), and during on-snow skiing (in the winter). Kinematic data were collected using a validated inertial measurement unit system.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Repeated-measures ANOVAs revealed no differences between treadmill and asphalt roller skiing. Further, including on-snow skiing showed moderate to good reliability (ICC\u2009\u2265\u20090.63, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.001) for ground-contact temporal variables. However, on-snow skiing moderately increased hip range of motion around the longitudinal axis (22.2\u2009\u00b1\u20097.7\u00b0 vs. 14.1\u2009\u00b1\u20094.7\u00b0), lateral hip displacement (44.1\u2009\u00b1\u20097.1\u00a0cm vs. 37.2\u2009\u00b1\u20096.6\u00a0cm) and pole push times (422\u2009\u00b1\u200941\u00a0ms vs. 386\u2009\u00b1\u200931\u00a0ms), and on-snow skiing was characterized by altered hip rotational patterns compared to roller skiing.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>V2 roller ski skating simulates on-snow ski skating to a large extent, but the mechanical properties of the skis and\/or surface hardness systematically alter skiers\u2019 hip movements and pole push times. This implies a potential for equipment optimization to increase training specificity during pre-competition periods and highlights a need for future studies to examine the kinematic effects of snow hardness on all sub-techniques.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-022-05007-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T01:38:22Z","timestamp":1658972302000},"page":"2355-2365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Kinematic differences between uphill roller skiing and on-snow skiing using the V2 skating technique"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8462-4931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e5vard","family":"Myklebust","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Losnegard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jostein","family":"Hall\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"5007_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s12283-009-0016-5","volume":"11","author":"M Ainegren","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ainegren M, Carlsson P, Tinnsten M (2009) Roller ski rolling resistance and its effects on elite athletes\u2019 performance. 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