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Maximal strength and hypertrophy are commonly trained by performing resistance training programs. However, literature shows that long-term, long-lasting static stretching interventions can also produce significant improvements in maximal voluntary contraction. The aim of this study is to compare increases in maximal voluntary contraction, muscle thickness and flexibility after 6\u00a0weeks of stretch training and conventional hypertrophy training. Sixty-nine (69) active participants (\n                    <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200930,\n                    <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200939; age 27.4\u2009\u00b1\u20094.4\u00a0years, height 175.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1\u00a0cm, and weight 79.5\u2009\u00b1\u20095.9\u00a0kg) were divided into three groups: IG1 stretched the plantar flexors continuously for one hour per day, IG2 performed hypertrophy training for the plantar flexors (5\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u201312 reps, three days per week), while CG did not undergo any intervention. Maximal voluntary contraction, muscle thickness, pennation angle and flexibility were the dependent variables. The results of a series of two-way ANOVAs show significant interaction effects (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) for maximal voluntary contraction (\n                    <jats:italic>\u019e<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.143\u20130.32,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.006), muscle thickness (\n                    <jats:italic>\u019e<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.11\u20130.14,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.021), pennation angle (\n                    <jats:italic>\u019e<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.002\u20130.08,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.077\u20130.625) and flexibility (\n                    <jats:italic>\u019e<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.089\u20130.21,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.046) for both the stretch and hypertrophy training group without significant differences (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.37\u20130.99,\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.03\u20130.4) between both intervention groups. Thus, it can be hypothesized that mechanical tension plays a crucial role in improving maximal voluntary contraction and muscle thickness irrespective whether long-lasting stretching or hypertrophy training is used. Results show that for the calf muscle, the use of long-lasting stretching interventions can be deemed an alternative to conventional resistance training if the aim is to increase maximal voluntary contraction, muscle thickness and flexibility. However, the practical application seems to be strongly limited as a weekly stretching duration of up to 7\u00a0h a week is opposed by 3\u2009\u00d7\u200915\u00a0min of common resistance training.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-023-05184-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T00:03:15Z","timestamp":1680912195000},"page":"1773-1787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Comparison of the effects of long-lasting static stretching and hypertrophy training on maximal strength, muscle thickness and flexibility in the plantar flexors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4964-2867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantin","family":"Warneke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Wirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Keiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars H.","family":"Lohmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Hillebrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Brinkmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Wohlann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Schiemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"5184_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Afonso J, Mosc\u00e3o J, Rocha T, Zacca R, Martins A, Milheiro A, Ferreira J, Ramirez-Campillo R, Clemente FM (2021) Strength training is as effective as stretching or improving range of motion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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