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This study investigated whether coordination between back muscles during a tightly constrained isometric trunk extension task varies within and between individuals, and whether this changes following brief exposure to activation feedback of a muscle.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Nine healthy participants performed three blocks of two repetitions of ramped isometric trunk extension in side-lying against resistance from 0\u201330% of maximum voluntary contraction over 30\u00a0s (force feedback). Between blocks, participants repeated contractions with visual feedback of electromyography (EMG) from either superficial (SM) or deep multifidus (DM), in two conditions; \u2018After SM\u2019 and \u2018After DM\u2019. Intramuscular EMG was recorded from SM, DM, and longissimus (LG) simultaneously with shear wave elastography (SWE) from SM or DM.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In the \u2018Natural\u2019 condition (force feedback only), group data showed incremental increases in EMG with force, with minor changes in distribution of activation between muscles as force increased. SM was the most active muscle during the \u2018Natural\u2019 condition, but with DM most active in some participants. Individual data showed that coordination between muscles differed substantially between repetitions and individuals. Brief exposure to EMG feedback altered coordination. SWE showed individual variation, but findings differed from EMG.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study revealed substantial variation in coordination between back extensor muscles within and between participants, and after exposure to feedback, in a tightly constrained task. Shear modulus revealed similar variation, but with an inconsistent relationship to EMG. These data highlight highly flexible control of back muscles.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-023-05193-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T11:01:26Z","timestamp":1681988486000},"page":"1879-1893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Adaptability of the load sharing between the longissimus and components of the multifidus muscle during isometric trunk extension in healthy individuals"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2012-3898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Tier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7616-9003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sauro E.","family":"Salomoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6432-558X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Hug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8880-4561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Besomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1206-9107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul W.","family":"Hodges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"5193_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2015.02.005","volume":"25","author":"F Ates","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ates F, Hug F, Bouillard K, Jubeau M, Frappart T, Couade M et al (2015) Muscle shear elastic modulus is linearly related to muscle torque over the entire range of isometric contraction intensity. 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