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The effects of muscle shortening on the compound muscle action potential (M wave) have so far been investigated only by computer simulation. This study was undertaken to assess experimentally the M-wave changes caused by brief voluntary and stimulated isometric contractions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Two different methods of inducing muscle shortening under isometric condition were adopted: (1) applying a brief (1\u00a0s) tetanic contraction and (2) performing brief voluntary contractions of different intensities. In both methods, supramaximal stimulation was applied to the brachial plexus and femoral nerves to evoke M waves. In the first method, electrical stimulation (20\u00a0Hz) was delivered with the muscle at rest, whereas in the second, stimulation was applied while participants performed 5-s stepwise isometric contractions at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 100% MVC. The amplitude and duration of the first and second M-wave phases were computed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The main findings were: (1) on application of tetanic stimulation, the amplitude of the M-wave first phase decreased (~\u200910%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), that of the second phase increased (~\u200950%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), and the M-wave duration decreased (~\u200920%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) across the first five\u00a0M waves of the tetanic train and then plateaued for the subsequent responses; (2) when superimposing a single electrical stimulus on muscle contractions of increasing forces, the amplitude of the M-wave first phase decreased (~\u200920%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), that of the second phase increased (~\u200930%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), and M-wave duration decreased (~\u200930%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) as force was raised from 0 to 60\u201370% MVC force.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The present results will help to identify the adjustments in the M-wave profile caused by muscle shortening and also contribute to differentiate these adjustments from those caused by muscle fatigue and\/or changes in Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2013K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> pump activity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-023-05228-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T03:24:22Z","timestamp":1684466662000},"page":"2087-2098","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["M-wave changes caused by brief voluntary and stimulated isometric contractions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9150-8955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Rodriguez-Falces","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Malanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Navallas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Place","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"5228_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139171182","volume-title":"The physiology of excitable cells","author":"DJ Aidley","year":"1998","unstructured":"Aidley DJ (1998) The physiology of excitable cells, 4th edn. 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