{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:22:38Z","timestamp":1786980158783,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":1995,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696464000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Appl Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-023-05276-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T03:01:46Z","timestamp":1696474906000},"page":"1-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A century of exercise physiology: concepts that ignited the study of human thermoregulation. Part 3: Heat and cold tolerance during exercise"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"124","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5065-5000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean R.","family":"Notley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8989-4773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duncan","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3655-5249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nigel A. S.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"5276_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1973.sp010413","volume":"235","author":"WP Abram","year":"1973","unstructured":"Abram WP, Allen JA, Roddie IC (1973) The effect of pain on human sweating. J Physiol 235:741\u2013747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1973.sp010413","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR2","first-page":"328","volume":"8","author":"DI Abramson","year":"1942","unstructured":"Abramson DI (1942) Resting blood flow and peripheral vascular responses in different portions of the extremities. J Mount Sinai Hospital 8:328\u2013334","journal-title":"J Mount Sinai Hospital"},{"issue":"Supplement","key":"5276_CR3","first-page":"217","volume":"5","author":"DI Abramson","year":"1965","unstructured":"Abramson DI (1965) Pathophysiology of arteriovenous shunts in the extremities. J Cardiovasc Surg 5(Supplement):217\u2013230","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"5276_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(39)90627-7","volume":"17","author":"DI Abramson","year":"1939","unstructured":"Abramson DI, Zazeela H, Marrus J (1939) Plethysmographic studies of peripheral blood flow in man: II. Physiologic factors affecting resting blood flow in the extremities. Am Heart J 17:206\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0002-8703(39)90627-7","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"5276_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-13-00315","volume":"179","author":"A Abriat","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abriat A, Brosset C, Br\u00e9gigeon M, Sagui E (2014) Report of 182 cases of exertional heatstroke in the French Armed Forces. Mil Med 179:309\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7205\/MILMED-D-13-00315","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"5276_CR6","first-page":"78","volume":"37","author":"EO Acevedo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Acevedo EO, Meyers MC, Hayman M, Haskin J (1997) Applying physiological principles and assessment techniques to swimming the English Channel. A case study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 37:78\u201385","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"key":"5276_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1975.39.2.262","volume":"39","author":"WC Adams","year":"1975","unstructured":"Adams WC, Bernauer EM, Dill DB, Bomar JB (1975a) Effects of equivalent sea-level and altitude training on VO2max and running performance. J Appl Physiol 39:262\u2013266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1975.39.2.262","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1975.38.6.1030","volume":"38","author":"WC Adams","year":"1975","unstructured":"Adams WC, Fox RH, Fry AJ, MacDonald IC (1975b) Thermoregulation during marathon running in cool, moderate, and hot environments. J Appl Physiol 38:1030\u20131037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1975.38.6.1030","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR9","volume-title":"Exertional heat illness","year":"2020","unstructured":"Adams WM, Jardine JF (eds) (2020) Exertional heat illness. Springer, Cham"},{"key":"5276_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2012.73.2.72","volume":"73","author":"T Adams","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adams T, Stacey E, Stacey S, Martin D (2012) Exertional heat stroke. Br J Hosp Med 73:72\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/hmed.2012.73.2.72","journal-title":"Br J Hosp Med"},{"key":"5276_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13386","volume":"29","author":"JD Adams","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adams JD, Scott DM, Brand NA, Suh HG, Seal AD, McDermott BP, Ganio MS, Kavouras SA (2019) Mild hypohydration impairs cycle ergometry performance in the heat: a blinded study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 29:686\u2013695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.13386","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"5276_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-27805-2_4","volume-title":"Exertional heat illness","author":"WM Adams","year":"2020","unstructured":"Adams WM, Stearns RL, Casa DJ (2020) Exertional heat stroke. In: Adams WM, Jardine JF (eds) Exertional heat illness. Springer, Cham, pp 59\u201379"},{"key":"5276_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1921.sp001960","volume":"55","author":"EF Adolph","year":"1921","unstructured":"Adolph EF (1921) The regulation of the water content of the human organism. J Physiol 55:114\u2013132","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1924.67.3.573","volume":"67","author":"EF Adolph","year":"1924","unstructured":"Adolph EF (1924) The effects of exposure to high temperatures upon the circulation in man. Am J Physiol 67:573\u2013588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1924.67.3.573","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1946.145.5.710","volume":"145","author":"EF Adolph","year":"1946","unstructured":"Adolph EF (1946) The initiation of sweating in response to heat. Am J Physiol 145:710\u2013715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1946.145.5.710","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR16","volume-title":"Physiology in man in the desert","year":"1947","unstructured":"Adolph EF (ed) (1947a) Physiology in man in the desert. Interscience, New York"},{"key":"5276_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.09.030147.002121","volume":"9","author":"EF Adolph","year":"1947","unstructured":"Adolph EF (1947b) Water metabolism. Annu Rev Physiol 9:381\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.ph.09.030147.002121","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR18","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Physiological of man in the desert","author":"EF Adolph","year":"1947","unstructured":"Adolph EF (1947c) Heat exchanges, sweat formation, and water turnover. In: Adolph EF (ed) Physiological of man in the desert. Interscience Publishing Company, New York, pp 33\u201343"},{"key":"5276_CR19","first-page":"160","volume-title":"Physiology in man in the desert","author":"EF Adolph","year":"1947","unstructured":"Adolph EF (1947d) Blood changes in dehydration. In: Adolph EF (ed) Physiology in man in the desert. Interscience, New York, pp 160\u2013171"},{"key":"5276_CR20","first-page":"226","volume-title":"Physiology in man in the desert","author":"EF Adolph","year":"1947","unstructured":"Adolph EF (1947e) Signs and symptoms of desert dehydration. In: Adolph EF (ed) Physiology in man in the desert. Interscience, New York, pp 226\u2013240"},{"key":"5276_CR21","first-page":"326","volume-title":"Physiology in man in the desert","author":"EF Adolph","year":"1947","unstructured":"Adolph EF (1947f) Life in deserts. In: Adolph EF (ed) Physiology in man in the desert. Interscience, New York, pp 326\u2013341"},{"key":"5276_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1946.146.4.507","volume":"146","author":"EF Adolph","year":"1946","unstructured":"Adolph EF, Molnar GW (1946) Exchanges of heat and tolerances to cold in men exposed to outdoor weather. Am J Physiol 146:507\u2013537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1946.146.4.507","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR23","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Physiology in man in the desert","author":"EF Adolph","year":"1947","unstructured":"Adolph EF, Wills JH (1947) Thirst. In: Adolph EF (ed) Physiology in man in the desert. Interscience, New York, pp 241\u2013253"},{"key":"5276_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/00365510310001762","volume":"63","author":"J Ahlqvist","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ahlqvist J (2003) Ernest H. starling and the nobel prize. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 63:315\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00365510310001762","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"5276_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02361.x","volume":"54","author":"E \u00c4ik\u00e4s","year":"1962","unstructured":"\u00c4ik\u00e4s E, Karvonen MJ, Piironen P, Ruosteenoja R (1962) Intramuscular, rectal and oesophageal temperature during exercise. Acta Physiol Scand 54:36\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02361.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1017\/S0370164600004302","volume":"14","author":"J Aitken","year":"1887","unstructured":"Aitken J (1887) Addition to thermometer screens. Part IV. Proc R Soc Edinb 14:428\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0370164600004302","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Edinb"},{"key":"5276_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7037","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17197037","volume":"17","author":"FO Alele","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alele FO, Malau-Aduli BS, Malau-Aduli AEO, Crowe MJ (2020) Epidemiology of exertional heat illness in the military: a systematic review of observational studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17:7037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17197037","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"5276_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-38-05-04","volume":"38","author":"RH Alexander","year":"1922","unstructured":"Alexander RH (1922) Notes on cases of heatstroke occurring in British troops stationed at Basra, Mesopotamia. BMJ Military Health 38:358\u2013366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jramc-38-05-04","journal-title":"BMJ Military Health"},{"key":"5276_CR29","unstructured":"Alexander L (1945) The treatment of shock from prolonged exposure to cold, especially in water. CIOS Target Number 24, Medical. Combined Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee, G-2 Division, Shaef (Rear), APO 413"},{"key":"5276_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2020.07.002","volume":"24","author":"SB Alhadad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alhadad SB, Low IC, Lee JK (2021) Thermoregulatory responses to ice slurry ingestion during low and moderate intensity exercises with restrictive heat loss. J Sci Med Sport 24:105\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2020.07.002","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"5276_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2020.1754470","volume":"21","author":"M Alhammoud","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alhammoud M, Oksa J, Morel B, Hansen C, Chastan D, Racinais S (2021) Thermoregulation and shivering responses in elite alpine skiers. Eur J Sport Sci 21:400\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17461391.2020.1754470","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR32","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Heat stroke and temperature regulation","author":"MI Al-Khawashi","year":"1983","unstructured":"Al-Khawashi MI, Mustafa MKY, Khogali M, El-Sayed H (1983) Clinical presentation of 172 heat stroke cases seen at Mina and Arafat. In: Khogali M, Hales JRS (eds) Heat stroke and temperature regulation. Academic Press, Sydney, pp 99\u2013108"},{"key":"5276_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1080\/00140136508930825","volume":"8","author":"JR Allan","year":"1965","unstructured":"Allan JR (1965) The effects of physical training in a temperate and hot climate on the physiological responses to heat stress. Ergonomics 8:445\u2013453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140136508930825","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"5276_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1971.30.5.708","volume":"30","author":"JR Allan","year":"1971","unstructured":"Allan JR, Wilson CG (1971) Influence of acclimatization on sweat sodium concentration. J Appl Physiol 30:708\u2013712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1971.30.5.708","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR35","first-page":"106","volume":"7","author":"TC Allbutt","year":"1872","unstructured":"Allbutt TC (1872) The effect of exercise on the bodily temperature. J Anat Physiol 7:106\u2013119","journal-title":"J Anat Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR36","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise","author":"DG Allen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Allen DG, Lamb GD, Westerblad H (2008) Cellular mechanisms of skeletal muscle fatigue. In: Taylor NAS, Groeller H (eds) Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Edinburgh, pp 115\u2013126"},{"key":"5276_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1972.sp010059","volume":"227","author":"JA Allen","year":"1972","unstructured":"Allen JA, Roddie IC (1972) The role of circulating catecholamines in sweat production in man. J Physiol 227:801\u2013814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1972.sp010059","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-7181-3_6","volume-title":"Primates, pathogens, and evolution developments in primatology: progress and prospects","author":"JM Allen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Allen JM, Worman CO, Light JE, Reed DL (2013) Parasitic lice help to fill in the gaps of early hominid history. In: Brinkworth J, Pechenkina K (eds) Primates, pathogens, and evolution developments in primatology: progress and prospects. Springer, New York, pp 161\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-7181-3_6"},{"key":"5276_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1954.sp005112","volume":"124","author":"MJ Allwood","year":"1954","unstructured":"Allwood MJ, Burry HS (1954) The effect of local temperature on blood flow in the human foot. J Physiol 124:345\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1954.sp005112","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1959.sp006242","volume":"147","author":"MJ Allwood","year":"1959","unstructured":"Allwood MJ, Hensel H, Papenberg J (1959) Muscle and skin blood flow in the human forearm during insulin hypoglycaemia. J Physiol 147:269\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1959.sp006242","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00212.2011","volume":"111","author":"T Amano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Amano T, Ichinose M, Koga S, Inoue Y, Nishiyasu T, Kondo N (2011a) Sweating responses and the muscle metaboreflex under mildly hyperthermic conditions in sprinters and distance runners. J Appl Physiol 111:524\u2013529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00212.2011","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2011.02299.x","volume":"202","author":"T Amano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Amano T, Kato Y, Machado-Moreira CA, Taylor NAS, Inoue Y, Nishiyasu T, Kondo N (2011b) Changes in eccrine sweating on the glabrous skin of the palm and finger during isometric exercise. Acta Physiol 202:649\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2011.02299.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR43","first-page":"7","volume":"7","author":"American College of Sports Medicine","year":"1975","unstructured":"American College of Sports Medicine (1975) Prevention of heat injuries during distance running. Med Sci Sports 7:7\u20138","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"5276_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e31802ca597","volume":"39","author":"MN Sawka","year":"2007","unstructured":"American College of Sports Medicine, Sawka MN, Burke LM, Eichner ER, Maughan RJ, Montain SJ, Stachenfeld NS (2007) American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and fluid replacement. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39:377\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/mss.0b013e31802ca597","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR45","unstructured":"Andral G (1843) Medical clinic: diseases of the encephalon, with extracts from Oliver\u2019s work on diseases of the spinal cord and its membranes. Translated by Spillan, D. Barrington and Haswell, Philadelphia"},{"key":"5276_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Andreoli TE, Reeves WB and Bichet DG (2000) Endocrine control of water balance. Comprehensive physiology. Supplement 22: Handbook of physiology, the endocrine system, endocrine regulation of water and electrolyte balance. pp 530\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.cp070314","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.cp070314"},{"key":"5276_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.932180","volume":"60","author":"PR Andjus","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andjus PR, Stojilkovic SS, Cvijic G (2016) Ivan Djaja (Jean Giaja) and the belgrade school of physiology. Physiol Res 60:S1\u2013S13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33549\/physiolres.932180","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"5276_CR48","first-page":"86","volume":"194","author":"Anonymous.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Anonymous. (1965) Max Rubner - 1854\u20131932. Energy physiologist. J Am Med Assoc 194:86\u201387","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"5276_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5824.478","volume":"3","author":"Anonymous","year":"1972","unstructured":"Anonymous (1972) A. J. Orenstein. Br Med J 3:478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.3.5824.478","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"5276_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)90614-4","volume":"301","author":"Anonymous","year":"1973","unstructured":"Anonymous (1973) Don\u2019t walk and drink. Lancet 301:816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)90614-4","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5276_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138508963167","volume":"28","author":"Anonymous","year":"1985","unstructured":"Anonymous (1985) An appreciation - Otto Gustav Edholm 1909\u20131985. Ergonomics 28:531\u2013533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140138508963167","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"5276_CR52","unstructured":"Anonymous (1987) Cyril Henry Wyndham. South Afr Med J March: 409"},{"key":"5276_CR53","unstructured":"Anonymous. (2010). Kenzo Sato. https:\/\/www.legacy.com\/us\/obituaries\/press-citizen\/name\/kenzo-sato-obituary?pid=173914635 (Accessed: Mar 20th, 2022)"},{"key":"5276_CR54","unstructured":"Anonymous (2018) Disease in the trenches. The Biomedical Scientist. https:\/\/thebiomedicalscientist.net\/science\/disease-trenches (Accessed: Jun 21st, 2022)"},{"key":"5276_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(88)90078-6","volume":"19","author":"M Aptel","year":"1988","unstructured":"Aptel M (1988) Comparison between required clothing insulation and that actually worn by workers exposed to artificial cold. Appl Ergon 19:301\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0003-6870(88)90078-6","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"key":"5276_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030887","volume":"13","author":"LE Armstrong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Armstrong LE (2021) Rehydration during endurance exercise: challenges, research, options, methods. Nutrients 13:887. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13030887","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"5276_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31802fa199","volume":"39","author":"LE Armstrong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Armstrong LE, Casa DJ, Millard-Stafford M, Moran DS, Pyne SW, Roberts WO (2007) Exertional heat illness during training and competition. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39:556\u2013572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31802fa199","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.1986.11709011","volume":"14","author":"LE Armstrong","year":"1986","unstructured":"Armstrong LE, Hubbard RW, Jones BH, Daniels JT (1986) Preparing Alberto Salazar for the heat of the 1984 Olympic Marathon. Phys Sportsmed 14:73\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00913847.1986.11709011","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"key":"5276_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2864","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11122864","volume":"11","author":"LE Armstrong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Armstrong LE, Kavouras SA (2019) Thirst and drinking paradigms: evolution from single factor effects to brainwide dynamic networks. Nutrients 11:E2864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11122864","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"5276_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-009-1223-2","volume":"108","author":"LE Armstrong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Armstrong LE, Klau JF, Ganio MS, McDermott BP, Yeargin SW, Lee EC, Maresh CM (2010) Accumulation of 2H2O in plasma and eccrine sweat during exercise-heat stress. Eur J Appl Physiol 108:477\u2013482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-009-1223-2","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsn.4.3.265","volume":"4","author":"LE Armstrong","year":"1994","unstructured":"Armstrong LE, Maresh CM, Castellani JW, Bergeron MF, Kenefick RW, LaGasse KE, Riebe D (1994) Urinary indices of hydration status. Int J Sport Nutr 4:265\u2013279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijsn.4.3.265","journal-title":"Int J Sport Nutr"},{"key":"5276_CR9898","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.6.2028","volume":"82","author":"LE Armstrong","year":"1997","unstructured":"Armstrong LE, Maresh CM, Gabaree CV, Hoffman JR, Kavouras SA, Kenefick RW, Castellani JW, Ahlquist LE (1997) Thermal and circulatory responses during exercise: effects of hypohydration, dehydration, and water intake. J Appl Physiol 82:2028\u20132035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.6.2028","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-004-1053-1","volume":"92","author":"S\u00c1 Arngr\u00edmsson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Arngr\u00edmsson S\u00c1, Petitt DS, Borrani F, Skinner KA, Cureton KJ (2004) Hyperthermia and maximal oxygen uptake in men and women. Eur J Appl Physiol 92:524\u2013532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-004-1053-1","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-019-04288-2","volume":"120","author":"JT Arnold","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arnold JT, Hemsley Z, Hodder SG, Havenith G, Lloyd AB (2020) Reliability and validity of methods in the assessment of cold-induced shivering thermogenesis. Eur J Appl Physiol 120:591\u2013601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-019-04288-2","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00635546","volume":"45","author":"J Aschoff","year":"1958","unstructured":"Aschoff J, Wever R (1958) Kern und schale im w\u00e4rmehaushalt des menschen. Naturwissenschaften 45:477\u2013485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00635546","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"5276_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2008.01.017","volume":"38","author":"CD Ashley","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ashley CD, Luecke CL, Schwartz SS, Islam MZ, Bernard TE (2008) Heat strain at the critical WBGT and the effects of gender, clothing and metabolic rate. Int J Ind Ergon 38:640\u2013644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ergon.2008.01.017","journal-title":"Int J Ind Ergon"},{"key":"5276_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1945.tb00287.x","volume":"10","author":"E Asmussen","year":"1945","unstructured":"Asmussen E, B\u00f8je O (1945) Body temperature and capacity for work. Acta Physiol Scand 10:1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1945.tb00287.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR9099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1947.tb00473.x","volume":"14","author":"E Asmussen","year":"1947","unstructured":"Asmussen E, Nielsen M (1947) The regulation of the body-temperature during work performed with the arms and with the legs. Acta Physiol Scand 14:373-382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1947.tb00473.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.1991.tb00264.x","volume":"1","author":"P-O \u00c5strand","year":"1991","unstructured":"\u00c5strand P-O (1991) Influence of Scandinavian scientists in exercise physiology. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1:3\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0838.1991.tb00264.x","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"5276_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1961.16.6.977","volume":"16","author":"P-O \u00c5strand","year":"1961","unstructured":"\u00c5strand P-O, Saltin B (1961) Maximal oxygen uptake and heart rate in various types of muscular activity. J Appl Physiol 16:977\u2013981. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1961.16.6.977","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1580\/06-weme-lh-027r.1","volume":"17","author":"RL Atenstaedt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Atenstaedt RL (2006) Trench foot: the medical response in the first World War 1914\u201318. Wilderness Environ Med 17:282\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1580\/06-weme-lh-027r.1","journal-title":"Wilderness Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2006.12.014","volume":"121","author":"RL Atenstaedt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Atenstaedt RL (2007) The response to the trench diseases in World War I: a triumph of public health science. Public Health 121:634\u2013639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2006.12.014","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"5276_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450140078038","volume":"264","author":"PS Auerbach","year":"1990","unstructured":"Auerbach PS (1990) Some people are dead when they\u2019re cold and dead. J Am Med Assoc 264:1856\u20131857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1990.03450140078038","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"5276_CR72","first-page":"94","volume":"11","author":"O Axelson","year":"1974","unstructured":"Axelson O (1974) Influence of heat exposure on productivity. Work Environ Health 11:94\u201399","journal-title":"Work Environ Health"},{"key":"5276_CR73","first-page":"127","volume":"52","author":"JM Ayton","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ayton JM (1993) Polar hands: spontaneous skin fissures closed with cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl Blue) tissue adhesive in Antarctica. Arctic Med Res 52:127\u2013130","journal-title":"Arctic Med Res"},{"key":"5276_CR74","first-page":"30","volume":"83","author":"NZ Azer","year":"1977","unstructured":"Azer NZ, Hsu S (1977) OSHA heat stress standards and the WBGT index. ASHRAE Trans 83:30\u201340","journal-title":"ASHRAE Trans"},{"key":"5276_CR75","volume-title":"The physiology of muscular exercise","author":"FA Bainbridge","year":"1919","unstructured":"Bainbridge FA (1919) The physiology of muscular exercise. Longmans, Green and Company, London"},{"key":"5276_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00130.2008","volume":"105","author":"LB Baker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baker LB, Lang JA, Kenney WL (2008) Quantitative analysis of serum sodium concentration after prolonged running in the heat. J Appl Physiol 105:91\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00130.2008","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-009-0982-0","volume":"105","author":"LB Baker","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baker LB, Lang JA, Kenney WL (2009) Change in body mass accurately and reliably predicts change in body water after endurance exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 105:959\u2013967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-009-0982-0","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00867.2017","volume":"124","author":"LB Baker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baker LB, Ungaro CT, Sope\u00f1a BC, Nuccio RP, Reimel AJ, Carter JM, Stofan JR, Barnes KA (2018) Body map of regional vs. whole body sweating rate and sweat electrolyte concentrations in men and women during moderate exercise-heat stress. J Appl Physiol 124:1304\u20131318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00867.2017","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2017-0230","volume":"12","author":"R Baldassarre","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baldassarre R, Bonifazi M, Zamparo P, Piacentini MF (2017) Characteristics and challenges of open-water swimming performance: a review. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 12:1275\u20131284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2017-0230","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"5276_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)01974-2","volume":"201","author":"A Balfour","year":"1923","unstructured":"Balfour A (1923) Sojourners in the tropics and problems with acclimation. Lancet 201:1329\u20131334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)01974-2","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5276_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1113\/EP088191","volume":"106","author":"D Ball","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ball D (2021) Contrasting effects of heat stress on neuromuscular performance. Exp Physiol 106:2328\u20132334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/EP088191","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5149","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.285411","volume":"592","author":"J Bangsbo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bangsbo J, Kj\u00e6r M, Hellsten Y (2014) Bengt Saltin (1935\u20132014). J Physiol 592:5149\u20135151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.285411","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01865333","volume":"70","author":"HG Barbour","year":"1912","unstructured":"Barbour HG (1912) Die Wirkung unmittelbarer Erw\u00e4rmung und Abk\u00fchlung der W\u00e4rmezentra auf die K\u00f6rpertemperatur. Archiv F\u00fcr Experimentelle Pathologie Und Pharmakologie 70:1\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf01865333","journal-title":"Archiv F\u00fcr Experimentelle Pathologie Und Pharmakologie"},{"key":"5276_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1921.1.2.295","volume":"1","author":"HG Barbour","year":"1921","unstructured":"Barbour HG (1921) The heat-regulating mechanism of the body. Physiol Rev 1:295\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1921.1.2.295","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1962.tb01036.x","volume":"7","author":"J Barcroft","year":"1932","unstructured":"Barcroft J (1932) La fixit\u00e9 du milieu int\u00e9rieur est la condition de la vie libre. (Claude Bernard). Biol Rev 7:24\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1962.tb01036.x","journal-title":"Biol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR86","volume-title":"Features in the architecture of physiological function","author":"J Barcroft","year":"1934","unstructured":"Barcroft J (1934) Features in the architecture of physiological function. University Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"5276_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1943.sp004010","volume":"102","author":"H Barcroft","year":"1943","unstructured":"Barcroft H, Bonnar WM, Edholm OG, Effron AS (1943) On sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol 102:21\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1943.sp004010","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1943.sp004009","volume":"102","author":"H Barcroft","year":"1943","unstructured":"Barcroft H, Edholm OG (1943) The effect of temperature on blood flow and deep temperature in the human forearm. J Physiol 102:5\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1943.sp004009","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR89999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1943.sp004009","volume":"104","author":"H Barcroft","year":"1945","unstructured":"Barcroft H, Edholm OG (1945) On the vasodilatation in human skeletal muscle during post-haemorrhagic fainting. J Physiol 104:161\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1945.sp004113","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1946.sp004129","volume":"104","author":"H Barcroft","year":"1946","unstructured":"Barcroft H, Edholm OG (1946) Temperature and blood flow in the human forearm. J Physiol 104:366\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1946.sp004129","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1909.sp001345","volume":"39","author":"J Barcroft","year":"1909","unstructured":"Barcroft J, King WOR (1909) The effect of temperature on the dissociation curve of blood. J Physiol 39:374\u2013384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1909.sp001345","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1923.sp002111","volume":"58","author":"J Barcroft","year":"1923","unstructured":"Barcroft J, Marshall EK (1923) Note on the effect of external temperature on the circulation in man. J Physiol 58:145\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1923.sp002111","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0000000000001202","volume":"49","author":"CN Bardis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bardis CN, Kavouras SA, Adams JD, Geladas ND, Panagiotakos DB, Sidossis LS (2017) Prescribed drinking leads to better cycling performance than ad libitum drinking. Med Sci Sports Exerc 49:1244\u20131251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/mss.0000000000001202","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.2628.1106","volume":"1","author":"ND Bardswell","year":"1911","unstructured":"Bardswell ND, Chapman JE (1911) Some observations upon the deep temperature of the human body at rest and after muscular exertion. BMJ 1:1106\u20131110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.1.2628.1106","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-9492-5_3","volume-title":"Advances in physiological research","author":"AC Barger","year":"1987","unstructured":"Barger AC (1987) Walter Bradford Cannon: physiologist and citizen of the world. In: McLennan H, Ledsome JR, McIntosh CHS, Jones DR (eds) Advances in physiological research. Springer, Boston, pp 19\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4615-9492-5_3"},{"key":"5276_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2740905","volume":"244","author":"BM Barnes","year":"1989","unstructured":"Barnes BM (1989) Freeze avoidance in a mammal: Body temperatures below 0\u00a0\u00b0C in an Arctic hibernator. Science 244:1593\u20131595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.2740905","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5276_CR96","first-page":"299","volume-title":"Temperature: its measurement and control in science and industry","author":"DE Bass","year":"1963","unstructured":"Bass DE (1963) Thermoregulatory and circulatory adjustments during acclimatization to heat in man. In: Hardy JD (ed) Temperature: its measurement and control in science and industry, vol 3, Part 3. Reinhold Publishing Co., New York, pp 299\u2013305"},{"key":"5276_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1956.36.1.128","volume":"36","author":"DE Bass","year":"1956","unstructured":"Bass DE, Henschel A (1956) Responses of body fluid compartments to heat and cold. Physiol Rev 36:128\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1956.36.1.128","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-123585","volume":"2","author":"ME Batliner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Batliner ME, Kipp S, Grabowski AM, Kram RM, Byrnes WC (2018) Does metabolic rate increase linearly with running speed in all distance runners? Sports Med Int Open 2:E1\u2013E8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0043-123585","journal-title":"Sports Med Int Open"},{"key":"5276_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1976.40.3.404","volume":"40","author":"E Baum","year":"1976","unstructured":"Baum E, Br\u00fcck K, Schwennicke HP (1976) Adaptive modifications in the thermoregulatory system of long-distance runners. J Appl Physiol 40:404\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1976.40.3.404","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4565(87)90014-3","volume":"12","author":"P Bawa","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bawa P, Matthews PBC, Mekjavic IB (1987) Electromyographic activity during shivering of muscles acting at the human elbow. J Therm Biol 12:1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0306-4565(87)90014-3","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1927.7.4.531","volume":"7","author":"HC Bazett","year":"1927","unstructured":"Bazett HC (1927) Physiological responses to heat. Physiol Rev 7:531\u2013599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1927.7.4.531","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR102","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Physiology of heat regulation and the science of clothing","author":"HC Bazett","year":"1949","unstructured":"Bazett HC (1949) The regulation of body temperatures. In: Newburgh LH (ed) Physiology of heat regulation and the science of clothing. Hafner Publishing Company, New York, pp 109\u2013192"},{"key":"5276_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1948.1.1.3","volume":"1","author":"HC Bazett","year":"1948","unstructured":"Bazett HC, Love L, Newton M, Eisenberg L, Day R, Forster R (1948) Temperature changes in blood flowing in arteries and veins in man. J Appl Physiol 1:3\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1948.1.1.3","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1927.82.2.415","volume":"82","author":"HC Bazett","year":"1927","unstructured":"Bazett HC, McGlone B (1927) Temperature gradients in the tissues in man. Am J Physiol 82:415\u2013451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1927.82.2.415","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1940.129.1.69","volume":"129","author":"HC Bazett","year":"1940","unstructured":"Bazett HC, Sunderman FW, Doupe J, Scott JC (1940) Climatic effects on the volume and composition of blood in man. Am J Physiol 129:69\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1940.129.1.69","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-08-03-34","volume":"8","author":"JM Beamish","year":"1907","unstructured":"Beamish JM (1907) A little known treatment for sunstroke. BMJ Military Health 8:341\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jramc-08-03-34","journal-title":"BMJ Military Health"},{"key":"5276_CR107","first-page":"144","volume":"2","author":"WB Bean","year":"1943","unstructured":"Bean WB, Eichna LW (1943) Performance in relation to environmental temperature. Reactions of normal young men to simulated desert environment. Fed Proc 2:144\u2013158","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"key":"5276_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400032320","volume":"35","author":"T Bedford","year":"1935","unstructured":"Bedford T (1935) Skin temperature in relation to warmth of the environment. J Hygiene 35:307\u2013317","journal-title":"J Hygiene"},{"key":"5276_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.8.2.96","volume":"8","author":"TH Bedford","year":"1951","unstructured":"Bedford TH (1951) H. M. Vernon, M.A., M.D. Occup Environ Med 8:96\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.8.2.96","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022172400034409","volume":"34","author":"T Bedford","year":"1934","unstructured":"Bedford T, Warner CG (1934a) On methods of measuring skin temperature. J Hygiene 34:81\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022172400034409","journal-title":"J Hygiene"},{"key":"5276_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022172400043242","volume":"34","author":"T Bedford","year":"1934","unstructured":"Bedford T, Warner CG (1934b) The globe thermometer in studies of heating and ventilation. Epidemiol Infect 34:458\u2013473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022172400043242","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"5276_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1951.3.10.591","volume":"3","author":"AR Behnke","year":"1951","unstructured":"Behnke AR, Yaglou CP (1951) Physiological responses of men to chilly in ice cold water to slow and fast rewarming. J Appl Physiol 3:591\u2013602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1951.3.10.591","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e31824a55d7","volume":"22","author":"LY Beis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Beis LY, Wright-Whyte M, Fudge B, Noakes T, Pitsiladis YP (2012) Drinking behaviors of elite male runners during marathon competition. Clin J Sport Med 22:254\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JSM.0b013e31824a55d7","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"5276_CR114","first-page":"193","volume-title":"Physiological and behavioral temperature regulation","author":"HS Belding","year":"1970","unstructured":"Belding HS (1970) The search for a universal heat stress index. In: Hardy JD, Gagge AP, Stolwijk JAJ (eds) Physiological and behavioral temperature regulation. C.C. Thomas, Springfield, pp 193\u2013203"},{"key":"5276_CR115","first-page":"129","volume":"27","author":"HS Belding","year":"1955","unstructured":"Belding HS, Hatch TF (1955) Index for evaluating heat stress in terms of resulting physiological strains. Heat Piping Air Cond 27:129\u2013136","journal-title":"Heat Piping Air Cond"},{"key":"5276_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.72.6.2336","volume":"72","author":"DG Bell","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bell DG, Tikuisis P, Jacobs I (1992) Relative intensity of muscular contraction during shivering. J Appl Physiol 72:2336\u20132342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1992.72.6.2336","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.047944","volume":"42","author":"FG Beltrami","year":"2008","unstructured":"Beltrami FG, Hew-Butler T, Noakes TD (2008) Drinking policies and exercise-associated hyponatraemia: is anyone still promoting overdrinking? Br J Sports Med 42:796\u2013801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.2008.047944","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1080\/10903127.2017.1392666","volume":"22","author":"LN Belval","year":"2018","unstructured":"Belval LN, Casa DJ, Adams WM, Chiampas GT, Holschen JC, Hosokawa Y, Jardine J, Kane SF, Labotz M, Lemieux RS, McClaine KB (2018) Consensus statement-prehospital care of exertional heat stroke. Prehosp Emerg Care 22:392\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10903127.2017.1392666","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care"},{"key":"5276_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)88244-8","volume":"20","author":"FG Benedict","year":"1915","unstructured":"Benedict FG (1915) Factors affecting normal basal metabolism. J Biol Chem 20:263\u2013299","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"5276_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.11.9.54","volume":"11","author":"FG Benedict","year":"1925","unstructured":"Benedict FG (1925) Skin temperature and heat loss. Proc Natl Acad Sci 11:549\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.11.9.54","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5962\/t.174876","volume-title":"Muscular work\u2014a metabolic study with special reference to the efficiency of the human body as a machine","author":"FG Benedict","year":"1913","unstructured":"Benedict FG, Cathcart EP (1913) Muscular work\u2014a metabolic study with special reference to the efficiency of the human body as a machine. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington (Publication No. 187)"},{"key":"5276_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.5.6.218","volume":"5","author":"FG Benedict","year":"1919","unstructured":"Benedict FG, Miles WR, Johnson A (1919) The temperature of the human skin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 5:218\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.5.6.218","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"5276_CR123","volume-title":"A comparative study of temperature fluctuations in different parts of the human body","author":"FG Benedict","year":"1911","unstructured":"Benedict FG, Slack EP (1911) A comparative study of temperature fluctuations in different parts of the human body. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington (Publication 155)"},{"key":"5276_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R217","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1984.247.2.R217","volume":"247","author":"AF Bennett","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bennett AF (1984) Thermal dependence of muscle function. Am J Physiol 247:R217\u2013R229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.1984.247.2.R217","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.115.1.333","volume":"115","author":"AF Bennett","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bennett AF (1985) Temperature and muscle. J Exp Biol 115:333\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.115.1.333","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/s0028-3908(99)00137-9","volume":"39","author":"MR Bennett","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bennett MR (2000) The concept of transmitter receptors: 100 years on. Neuropharmacology 39:523\u2013546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0028-3908(99)00137-9","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"5276_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1163\/182539112X637200","volume":"27","author":"M Beretta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Beretta M (2012) Imaging the experiments on respiration and transpiration of Lavoisier and S\u00e9guin: two unknown drawings by Madame Lavoisier. Nunclus 27:163\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/182539112X637200","journal-title":"Nunclus"},{"key":"5276_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1966.21.6.1791","volume":"21","author":"GR Berg","year":"1966","unstructured":"Berg GR, Utiger RD, Schalch DS, Reichlin S (1966) Effect of central cooling in man on pituitary-thyroid function and growth hormone secretion. J Appl Physiol 21:1791\u20131794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1966.21.6.1791","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199005173222006","volume":"322","author":"RL Berger","year":"1990","unstructured":"Berger RL (1990) Nazi science\u2014the Dachau hypothermia experiments. N Engl J Med 322:1435\u20131440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199005173222006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5276_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.20.4.207","volume":"20","author":"RL Berger","year":"1994","unstructured":"Berger RL (1994) Ethics in scientific communication: study of a problem case. J Med Ethics 20:207\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jme.20.4.207","journal-title":"J Med Ethics"},{"key":"5276_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R731","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1999.276.3.R731","volume":"276","author":"TK Bergersen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bergersen TK, Hisdal J, Wall\u00f8e L (1999) Perfusion of the human finger during cold-induced vasodilatation. Am J Physiol 276:R731\u2013R737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.1999.276.3.R731","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1979.46.5.885","volume":"46","author":"U Bergh","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bergh U, Ekblom B (1979) Physical performance and peak aerobic power at different body temperatures. J Appl Physiol 46:885\u2013889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1979.46.5.885","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03720.x","volume":"71","author":"J Bergstr\u00f6m","year":"1967","unstructured":"Bergstr\u00f6m J, Hermansen L, Hultman E, Saltin B (1967) Diet, muscle glycogen and physical performance. Acta Physiol Scand 71:140\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03720.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR134","unstructured":"Bernard C (1876) Le\u00e7ons sur la Chaleur Animale, sur les Effets de la Chaleur et sur la Fi\u00e8vre. J.-B. Bailli\u00e8re et Fils, Paris"},{"key":"5276_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1093\/annhyg\/43.5.321","volume":"43","author":"TE Bernard","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bernard TE (1999) Heat stress and protective clothing: an emerging approach from the United States. Ann Occup Hyg 43:321\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annhyg\/43.5.321","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"5276_CR136","first-page":"737","volume-title":"Occupational ergonomics. Theory and applications","author":"TE Bernard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bernard TE (2012) Occupational heat stress. In: Bhattacharya A, McGlothlin JD (eds) Occupational ergonomics. Theory and applications, Second. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 737\u2013764","edition":"Second"},{"key":"5276_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15459620701732355","volume":"5","author":"TE Bernard","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bernard TE, Caravello V, Schwartz SW, Ashley CD (2008) WBGT clothing adjustment factors for four clothing ensembles and the effects of metabolic demands. J Occup Environ Hyg 5:1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15459620701732355","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Hyg"},{"key":"5276_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1080\/15459620590934224","volume":"2","author":"TE Bernard","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bernard TE, Luecke CL, Schwartz SW, Kirkland KS, Ashley CD (2005) WBGT clothing adjustments for four clothing ensembles under three relative humidity levels. J Occup Environ Hyg 2:251\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15459620590934224","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Hyg"},{"key":"5276_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-8141(88)90012-1","volume":"3","author":"M Beshir","year":"1988","unstructured":"Beshir M, Ramsey JD (1988) Heat stress indices: a review paper. Int J Ind Ergon 3:89\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0169-8141(88)90012-1","journal-title":"Int J Ind Ergon"},{"key":"5276_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1967.47.2.178","volume":"47","author":"BS Beveg\u00e5rd","year":"1967","unstructured":"Beveg\u00e5rd BS, Shepherd JT (1967) Regulation of the circulation during exercise in man. Physiol Rev 47:178\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1967.47.2.178","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01245384","volume":"38","author":"G Bhaumik","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bhaumik G, Srivastava KK, Selvamurthy W, Purkayastha SS (1995) The role of free radicals in cold injuries. Int J Biometeorol 38:171\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01245384","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"5276_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139608964457","volume":"39","author":"V Billat","year":"1996","unstructured":"Billat V, Faina M, Sardella F, Marini C, Fanton F, Lupo S, Faccini P, de Angelis M, Koralsztein JP, Dalmonte A (1996) A comparison of time to exhaustion at O2max in \u00e9lite cyclists, kayak paddlers, swimmers and runners. Ergonomics 39:267\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140139608964457","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"5276_CR143","first-page":"60","volume":"71","author":"M Bird","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bird M (2008) William Keatinge 1931\u20132008. Physiol News 71:60\u201361","journal-title":"Physiol News"},{"key":"5276_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200333060-00005","volume":"33","author":"D Bishop","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bishop D (2003) Warm up I: potential mechanisms and the effects of passive warm up on exercise performance. Sports Med 33:439\u2013454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-200333060-00005","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00418512","volume":"58","author":"JHM Bittel","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bittel JHM, Livecchi-Gonnot GH, Hanniquet AM, Poulain C, Etienne J-L (1989) Thermal changes observed before and after J.-L. Etienne\u2019s journey to the North Pole. Eur J Appl Physiol 58:646\u2013651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00418512","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.5.1984","volume":"65","author":"JH Bittel","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bittel JH, Nonotte-Varly C, Livecchi-Gonnot GH, Savourey GL, Hanniquet AM (1988) Physical fitness and thermoregulatory reactions in a cold environment in men. J Appl Physiol 65:1984\u20131989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.5.1984","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1990.tb08994.x","volume":"140","author":"J Bj\u00f6rnberg","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rnberg J (1990) Forces involved in transcapillary fluid movement in exercising cat skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol Scand 140:221\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1990.tb08994.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(76)90083-4","volume":"20","author":"PR Black","year":"1976","unstructured":"Black PR, van Devanter S, Cohn LH (1976) Effects of hypothermia on systemic and organ system metabolism and function. J Surg Res 20:49\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-4804(76)90083-4","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"5276_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1098\/rstl.1775.0013","volume":"65","author":"C Blagden","year":"1775","unstructured":"Blagden C (1775a) Experiments and observations in an heat room. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 65:111\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstl.1775.0013","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond"},{"key":"5276_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1098\/rstl.1775.0048","volume":"65","author":"C Blagden","year":"1775","unstructured":"Blagden C (1775b) Further experiments and observations in an heat room. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 65:484\u2013494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstl.1775.0048","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond"},{"key":"5276_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1960.sp006531","volume":"153","author":"DA Blair","year":"1960","unstructured":"Blair DA, Glover WE, Roddie IC (1960) Vasomotor fibres to skin in the upper arm, calf and thigh. J Physiol 153:232\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1960.sp006531","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.9.2.264","volume":"9","author":"DA Blair","year":"1961","unstructured":"Blair DA, Glover WE, Roddie IC (1961) Vasomotor responses in the human arm during leg exercise. Circ Res 9:264\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.RES.9.2.264","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"5276_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM190302191480801","volume":"148","author":"JB Blake","year":"1903","unstructured":"Blake JB, Larrabee RC (1903) Observations upon long-distance runners. Boston Med Surg J 148:195\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM190302191480801","journal-title":"Boston Med Surg J"},{"key":"5276_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM190302191480802","volume":"148","author":"JB Blake","year":"1903","unstructured":"Blake JB, Scannell DD (1903) Pulse, weight and temperature. Boston Med Surg J 148:196\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM190302191480802","journal-title":"Boston Med Surg J"},{"key":"5276_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6_5","volume-title":"Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in physiology","author":"CM Blatteis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Blatteis CM, Schneider SM (2022) Thermal physiology in the USA: a 100-year history of the science and its scientists (1880\u20131980). In: Blatteis CM, Taylor NAS, Mitchell D (eds) Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in physiology. Springer, New York, pp 239\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6_5"},{"key":"5276_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6","volume-title":"Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in Physiology","year":"2022","unstructured":"Blatteis CM, Taylor NAS, Mitchell D (eds) (2022) Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in Physiology. Springer, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6"},{"key":"5276_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01212621","volume":"37","author":"K Blazejczyk","year":"1993","unstructured":"Blazejczyk K, Nilsson H, Holm\u00e9r I (1993) Solar heat load on man. Review of different methods of estimation. Int J Biometeorol 37:125\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01212621","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"5276_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c150034","volume":"6","author":"W Blessing","year":"2016","unstructured":"Blessing W, McAllen R, McKinley M (2016) Control of the cutaneous circulation by the central nervous system. Compr Physiol 6:1161\u20131197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c150034","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4565(98)00014-X","volume":"23","author":"J Bligh","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bligh J (1998) Mammalian homeothermy: an integrative thesis. J Therm Biol 23:143\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0306-4565(98)00014-X","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1973.35.6.941","volume":"35","author":"J Bligh","year":"1973","unstructured":"Bligh J, Johnson KG (1973) Glossary of terms from thermal physiology. J Appl Physiol 35:941\u2013961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1973.35.6.941","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR161","volume-title":"Essays on temperature regulation","year":"1972","unstructured":"Bligh J, Moore R (eds) (1972) Essays on temperature regulation. North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam"},{"key":"5276_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6_12","volume-title":"Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in Physiology","author":"AS Blix","year":"2022","unstructured":"Blix AS, Folkow LP, Mercer JB (2022) The history of thermal physiology in Norway. In: Blatteis CM, Taylor NAS, Mitchell D (eds) Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in Physiology. Springer, New York, pp 569\u2013596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6_12"},{"key":"5276_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R322","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1979.236.5.R322","volume":"236","author":"AS Blix","year":"1979","unstructured":"Blix AS, Miller LK, Keyes MC, Grav HJ, Elsner R (1979) Newborn northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus)\u2014do they suffer from cold? Am J Physiol 236:R322\u2013R327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.1979.236.5.R322","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63912-7.00010-2","volume":"156","author":"DP Blondin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Blondin DP, Haman F (2018) Shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis in skeletal muscles. Handb Clin Neurol 156:153\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-444-63912-7.00010-2","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"5276_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E438","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3901","volume":"99","author":"DP Blondin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Blondin DP, Labb\u00e9 SM, Tingelstad HC, Noll C, Kunach M, Phoenix S, Gu\u00e9rin B, Turcotte EE, Carpentier AC, Richard D, Haman F (2014a) Increased brown adipose tissue oxidative capacity in cold-acclimated humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99:E438\u2013E446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2013-3901","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"5276_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c130043","volume":"4","author":"DP Blondin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Blondin DP, Tingelstad HC, Mantha OL, Gosselin C, Haman F (2014b) Maintaining thermogenesis in cold exposed humans: relying on multiple metabolic pathways. Compr Physiol 4:1383\u20131402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c130043","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1928.sp002515","volume":"66","author":"AV Bock","year":"1928","unstructured":"Bock AV, Vancaulaert C, Dill DB, F\u00f6lling A, Hurxthal LM (1928) Studies in muscular activity: IV. The \u201csteady state\u201d and the respiratory quotient during work. J Physiol 66:162\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1928.sp002515","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1990.tb08848.x","volume":"138","author":"M Bodelsson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bodelsson M, Arneklo-Nobin B, Nobin A, Owman C, Sollerman C, T\u00f6rnebrandt K (1990) Cooling enhances alpha2-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction in human hand veins. Acta Physiol Scand 138:283\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1990.tb08848.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2004.04034.x","volume":"59","author":"D Bogod","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bogod D (2004) The Nazi hypothermia experiments: forbidden data? Anaesthesia 59:1155\u20131156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2004.04034.x","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"5276_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199902000-00008","volume":"31","author":"DR Bolster","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bolster DR, Trappe SW, Short KR, Scheffield-Moore M, Parcell AC, Schulze KM, Costill DL (1999) Effects of precooling on thermoregulation during subsequent exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 31:251\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005768-199902000-00008","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR171","first-page":"43","volume":"43","author":"E Bonnot","year":"1908","unstructured":"Bonnot E (1908) The interscapular gland. J Anat Physiol 43:43\u201358","journal-title":"J Anat Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199707000-00014","volume":"29","author":"JD Booth","year":"1997","unstructured":"Booth JD, Marino F, Ward JJ (1997) Improved running performance in hot humid conditions following whole body precooling. Med Sci Sports Exerc 29:943\u2013949. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005768-199707000-00014","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2004.08.044","volume":"29","author":"JD Booth","year":"2004","unstructured":"Booth JD, Wilsmore BR, MacDonald AD, Zeyl A, Storlien LH, Taylor NAS (2004) Intramuscular temperatures during exercise in the heat following pre-cooling and pre-heating. J Therm Biol 29:709\u2013715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2004.08.044","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5276_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1993.74.4.1921","volume":"74","author":"AN Bosch","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bosch AN, Dennis SC, Noakes TD (1993) Influence of carbohydrate loading on fuel substrate turnover and oxidation during prolonged exercise. J Appl Physiol 74(4):1921\u20131927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1993.74.4.1921","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR175","first-page":"326","volume":"149","author":"JA Boswick","year":"1979","unstructured":"Boswick JA, Thompson JD, Jonas RA (1979) The epidemiology of cold injuries. Surg Gynecol Obst 149:326\u2013332","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obst"},{"key":"5276_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01711537","volume":"21","author":"A Bouchama","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bouchama A (1995) Heatstroke: a new look at an ancient disease. Intensive Care Med 21:623\u2013625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01711537","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"5276_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00334-6","volume":"8","author":"A Bouchama","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bouchama A, Abuyassin B, Lehe C, Laitano O, Jay O, O\u2019Connor FG, Leon LR (2022) Classic and exertional heatstroke. Nat Rev Dis Primers 8:1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-021-00334-6","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"5276_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0909","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1650685","volume":"76","author":"A Bouchama","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bouchama A, Bridey F, Hammami MM, Lacombe C, Al-Shail E, Al-Ohali Y, Combe F, Al-Sedairy S, de Prost D (1996) Activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in heatstroke. Thromb Haemost 76:0909\u20130915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0038-1650685","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"5276_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199802000-00013","volume":"30","author":"C Bouchard","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bouchard C, Daw EW, Rice T, P\u00e9russe L, Gagnon J, Province MA, Leon AS, Rao DC, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH (1998) Familial resemblance for VO2max in the sedentary state: the HERITAGE family study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 30:252\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005768-199802000-00013","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1249\/00003677-198301000-00011","volume":"11","author":"C Bouchard","year":"1983","unstructured":"Bouchard C, Malina RM (1983) Genetics of physiological fitness and motor performance. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 11:306\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/00003677-198301000-00011","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1977.42.1.93","volume":"42","author":"C Boutelier","year":"1977","unstructured":"Boutelier C, Bougues L, Timbal J (1977) Experimental study of convective heat transfer coefficient for the human body in water. J Appl Physiol 42:93\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1977.42.1.93","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-020-04515-1","volume":"121","author":"HM Bowes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bowes HM, Burdon CA, Taylor NAS (2021a) The scaling of human basal and resting metabolic rates. Eur J Appl Physiol 121:193\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-020-04515-1","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2925","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-021-04759-5","volume":"121","author":"HM Bowes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bowes HM, Burdon CA, Peoples GE, Notley SR, Taylor NAS (2021b) Scaling the peak and steady-state aerobic power of running and walking humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 121:2925\u20132938. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-021-04759-5","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR184","first-page":"169","volume-title":"Namib ecology: 25 years of Namib research","author":"C Brain","year":"1990","unstructured":"Brain C (1990) Aspects of drinking by baboons (Papio ursinus) in a desert environment. In: Seely MK (ed) Namib ecology: 25 years of Namib research. Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, pp 169\u2013172"},{"key":"5276_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00051.2003","volume":"95","author":"D Brajkovic","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brajkovic D, Ducharme MB (2003) Finger dexterity, skin temperature, and blood flow during auxiliary heating in the cold. J Appl Physiol 95:758\u2013770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00051.2003","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1093\/annhyg\/mef030","volume":"46","author":"R Brake","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brake R, Bates G (2002) A valid method for comparing rational and empirical heat stress indices. Ann Occup Hyg 46:165\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annhyg\/mef030","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"5276_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01320893","volume":"39","author":"N Brauner","year":"1995","unstructured":"Brauner N, Shacham M (1995) Meaningful wind chill indicators derived from heat transfer principles. Int J Biometeorol 39:46\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01320893","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"5276_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094698","volume":"9","author":"M Brazaitis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brazaitis M, Eimantas N, Daniuseviciute L, Baranauskiene N, Skrodeniene E, Skurvydas A (2014) Time course of physiological and psychological responses in humans during a 20-day severe-cold-acclimation programme. PLoS ONE 9:e94698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0094698","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5276_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1919.tb30064.x","volume":"1","author":"A Breinl","year":"1919","unstructured":"Breinl A, Young WJ (1919a) Tropical Australia and its settlement. Med J Aust 1:353\u2013359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1919.tb30064.x","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"5276_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1919.tb30090.x","volume":"1","author":"A Breinl","year":"1919","unstructured":"Breinl A, Young WJ (1919b) Tropical Australia and its settlement. Med J Aust 1:375\u2013382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1919.tb30090.x","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"5276_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1919.tb30115.x","volume":"1","author":"A Breinl","year":"1919","unstructured":"Breinl A, Young WJ (1919c) Tropical Australia and its settlement. Med J Aust 1:395\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1919.tb30115.x","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"5276_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1920.11684211","volume":"13","author":"A Breinl","year":"1920","unstructured":"Breinl A, Young WJ (1920) Tropical Australia and its settlement. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 13:351\u2013412","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"5276_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1977.43.5.790","volume":"43","author":"GL Brengelmann","year":"1977","unstructured":"Brengelmann GL, Johnson JM, Hermansen L, Rowell LB (1977) Altered control of skin blood flow during exercise at high internal temperatures. J Appl Physiol 43:790\u2013794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1977.43.5.790","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-971895","volume":"19","author":"I Brenner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brenner I, Shek PN, Zamecnik J, Shephard RJ (1998) Stress hormones and the immunological responses to heat and exercise. Int J Sports Med 19:130\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2007-971895","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002652","volume":"53","author":"RG Breslow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Breslow RG, Collins JE, Troyanos C, Cohen MC, D\u2019hemecourt P, Dyer KS, Baggish A (2021) Exertional heat stroke at the Boston Marathon: demographics and the environment. Med Sci Sports Exerc 53:1818\u20131825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002652","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0386-8","volume":"45","author":"F Brocherie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brocherie F, Millet GP (2015) Is the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index relevant for exercise in the heat? Sports Med 45:1619\u20131621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-015-0386-8","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR197","first-page":"533","volume":"73","author":"JG Brock-Utne","year":"1988","unstructured":"Brock-Utne JG, Gaffin SL, Wells MT, Gathiram P, Sohar E, James MF, Morrell DF, Norman R (1988) Endotoxaemia in exhausted runners after a long-distance race. S Afr Med J 73:533\u2013536","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"5276_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.2012-0098","volume":"51","author":"P Br\u00f6de","year":"2013","unstructured":"Br\u00f6de P, Blazejczyk K, Fiala D, Havenith G, Holm\u00e9r I, Jendritzky G, Kuklane K, Kampmann B (2013) The Universal Thermal Climate Index UTCI compared to ergonomics standards for assessing the thermal environment. Ind Health 51:16\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2486\/indhealth.2012-0098","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"key":"5276_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-011-0454-1","volume":"56","author":"P Br\u00f6de","year":"2012","unstructured":"Br\u00f6de P, Fiala D, Blazejczyk K, Holm\u00e9r I, Jendritzky G, Kampmann B, Tinz B, Havenith G (2012a) Deriving the operational procedure for the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). Int J Biometeorol 56:481\u2013494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-011-0454-1","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"5276_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-011-0452-3","volume":"56","author":"P Br\u00f6de","year":"2012","unstructured":"Br\u00f6de P, Kr\u00fcger EL, Rossi FA, Fiala D (2012b) Predicting urban outdoor thermal comfort by the Universal Thermal Climate Index UTCI-a case study in Southern Brazil. Int J Biometeorol 56:471\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-011-0452-3","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"issue":"Supplement","key":"5276_CR201","first-page":"P47","volume":"32","author":"TG Brodie","year":"1905","unstructured":"Brodie TG, Russell AE (1905) On the determination of the rate of blood-flow through an organ. J Physiol 32(Supplement):P47\u2013P49","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2014.11.281","volume":"18","author":"J Brotherhood","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brotherhood J (2014) What does the WBGT Index tell us: Is it a useful index of environmental heat stress? J Sci Med Sport 18:e60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2014.11.281","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"5276_CR203","first-page":"110","volume-title":"Physiological of man in the desert","author":"AH Brown","year":"1947","unstructured":"Brown AH (1947a) Fluid intakes in the desert. In: Adolph EF (ed) Physiological of man in the desert. Interscience Publishing Company, New York, pp 110\u2013114"},{"key":"5276_CR204","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Physiological of man in the desert","author":"AH Brown","year":"1947","unstructured":"Brown AH (1947b) Water requirements of man in the desert. In: Adolph EF (ed) Physiological of man in the desert. Interscience Publishing Company, New York, pp 115\u2013135"},{"key":"5276_CR205","first-page":"136","volume-title":"Physiological of man in the desert","author":"AH Brown","year":"1947","unstructured":"Brown AH (1947c) Water shortage in the desert. In: Adolph EF (ed) Physiological of man in the desert. Interscience Publishing Company, New York, pp 136\u2013159"},{"key":"5276_CR206","first-page":"208","volume-title":"Physiological of man in the desert","author":"AH Brown","year":"1947","unstructured":"Brown AH (1947d) Dehydration exhaustion. In: Adolph EF (ed) Physiological of man in the desert. Interscience Publishing Company, New York, pp 208\u2013225"},{"key":"5276_CR207","first-page":"280","volume-title":"Physiological of man in the desert","author":"AH Brown","year":"1947","unstructured":"Brown AH, Gosselin RE, Adolph EF (1947) Water losses of men in life rafts. In: Adolph EF (ed) Physiological of man in the desert. Interscience Publishing Company, New York, pp 280\u2013314"},{"key":"5276_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1941.02820270012005","volume":"117","author":"TM Brown","year":"1941","unstructured":"Brown TM, Harvey AM (1941) Spontaneous hypoglycemia in \u201csmoke\u201d drinkers. J Am Med Assoc 117:12\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1941.02820270012005","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"5276_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1952.5.5.221","volume":"5","author":"GM Brown","year":"1952","unstructured":"Brown GM, Page J (1952) The effect of chronic exposure to cold on temperature and blood flow of the hand. J Appl Physiol 5:221\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1952.5.5.221","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR210","first-page":"197","volume-title":"Physiological of man in the desert","author":"AH Brown","year":"1947","unstructured":"Brown AH, Towbin EJ (1947) Relative influence of heat, work, and dehydration on blood circulation. In: Adolph EF (ed) Physiological of man in the desert. Interscience Publishing Company, New York, pp 197\u2013207"},{"key":"5276_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00362898","volume":"267","author":"K Br\u00fcck","year":"1958","unstructured":"Br\u00fcck K, Br\u00fcck M, Lemtis H (1958) Thermoregulatorische Ver\u00e4nderungen des Energiestoffwechsels bei reifen Neugeborenen. Pfl\u00fcgers Arch Eur J Physiol 267:382\u2013391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00362898","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch Eur J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)89237-0","volume":"156","author":"WJ Buchanan","year":"1900","unstructured":"Buchanan WJ (1900) Heatstroke in India: an examination of some statistics relating thereto. Lancet 156:803\u2013805","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"5276_CR213","first-page":"15","volume":"15","author":"GM Budd","year":"1989","unstructured":"Budd GM (1989) Ergonomic aspects of cold stress and cold adaptation. Scand J Work Environ Health 15(Supplement 1):15\u201326","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"5276_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2007.07.003","volume":"11","author":"GM Budd","year":"2008","unstructured":"Budd GM (2008) Wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT)\u2014its history and its limitations. J Sci Med Sport 11:20\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2007.07.003","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"5276_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/39.5.506","volume":"39","author":"M Bukhari","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bukhari M, Hollis S, Moore T, Jayson MIV, Herrick AL (2000) Quantification of microcirculatory abnormalities in patients with Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon and systemic sclerosis by video capillaroscapy. Rheumatology 39:506\u2013512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/39.5.506","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"5276_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.23.5.458","volume":"23","author":"CA Burdon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burdon CA, Hoon MW, Johnson NA, Chapman PG, O\u2019Connor HT (2013) The effect of ice slushy ingestion and mouthwash on thermoregulation and endurance performance in the heat. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 23:458\u2013469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijsnem.23.5.458","journal-title":"Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab"},{"key":"5276_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2017.02.015","volume":"65","author":"CA Burdon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burdon CA, Tagami K, Park J, Caldwell JN, Taylor NAS (2017) Indirect hand and forearm vasomotion: regional variations in cutaneous thermosensitivity during normothermia and mild hyperthermia. J Therm Biol 65:95\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2017.02.015","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR218","unstructured":"Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (2019) The International System of Units (SI). Ninth Edition. Organisation Intergouvernementale de la Convention du M\u00e8tre, Paris. https:\/\/www.bipm.org\/en\/publications\/si-brochure (Accessed: Nov 10th, 2021)"},{"key":"5276_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200737040-00003","volume":"37","author":"A Burfoot","year":"2007","unstructured":"Burfoot A (2007) The history of the marathon. Sports Med 37:284\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-200737040-00003","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR220","first-page":"108","volume":"41","author":"FJ Burger","year":"1967","unstructured":"Burger FJ, Engelbrecht FM (1967) The tolerance of tissues to heat in vitro. S Afr Med J 41:108\u2013111","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"5276_CR221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-93515-7_6","volume-title":"Heat stress in sport and exercise","author":"LM Burke","year":"2019","unstructured":"Burke LM (2019) Hydration in sport and exercise. In: P\u00e9riard JD, Racinais S (eds) Heat stress in sport and exercise. Springer, Cham, pp 113\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-93515-7_6"},{"key":"5276_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/7.5.481","volume":"7","author":"AC Burton","year":"1934","unstructured":"Burton AC (1934) A new technic for the measurement of average skin temperature over surfaces of the body and the changes of skin temperature during exercise. J Nutr 7:481\u2013496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/7.5.481","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"5276_CR223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/9.3.261","volume":"9","author":"AC Burton","year":"1935","unstructured":"Burton AC (1935) Human calorimetry: II. The average temperature of the tissues of the body. J Nutr 9:261\u2013280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/9.3.261","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"5276_CR224","first-page":"146","volume":"1","author":"AC Burton","year":"1948","unstructured":"Burton AC (1948) Temperature of skin; measurement and use as index of peripheral blood flow. Methods Med Res 1:146\u2013166","journal-title":"Methods Med Res"},{"key":"5276_CR225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1936.117.1.36","volume":"117","author":"AC Burton","year":"1936","unstructured":"Burton AC, Bazett HC (1936) A study of the average temperature of the tissues, of the exchanges of heat and vasomotor responses in man by means of a bath calorimeter. Am J Physiol 117:36\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1936.117.1.36","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1937.119.2.257","volume":"119","author":"AC Burton","year":"1937","unstructured":"Burton AC, Bronk DW (1937) The motor mechanism of shivering and of thermal muscular tone. Am J Physiol 119:284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1937.119.2.257","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR227","volume-title":"Man in A cold environment: physiological and pathological effects to exposure to low temperatures","author":"AC Burton","year":"1955","unstructured":"Burton AC, Edholm OG (1955) Man in A cold environment: physiological and pathological effects to exposure to low temperatures. Edward Arnold, London"},{"key":"5276_CR228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-7543-9_10","volume-title":"Exercise physiology","author":"ER Buskirk","year":"2003","unstructured":"Buskirk ER (2003) The temperature regulatory system. In: Tipton CM (ed) Exercise physiology. Springer, New York, pp 423\u2013451"},{"key":"5276_CR229","first-page":"493","volume":"14","author":"ER Buskirk","year":"1960","unstructured":"Buskirk ER, Beetham W (1960) Dehydration and body temperature as a result of marathon running. Medicina Sportiva 14:493\u2013506","journal-title":"Medicina Sportiva"},{"key":"5276_CR230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1249\/FIT.0000000000000352","volume":"22","author":"BA Bushman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bushman BA (2018) Maximizing safety when exercising in the cold. Acsms Health Fit J 22:4\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/FIT.0000000000000352","journal-title":"Acsms Health Fit J"},{"key":"5276_CR231","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Essays on temperature regulation","author":"M Cabanac","year":"1972","unstructured":"Cabanac M (1972) Thermoregulatory behavior. In: Bligh J, Moore RE (eds) Essays on temperature regulation. North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, pp 19\u201336"},{"key":"5276_CR232","volume-title":"Human selective brain cooling","author":"M Cabanac","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cabanac M (1995) Human selective brain cooling. R.G. Landes Company, Austin"},{"key":"5276_CR233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51668.x","volume":"813","author":"M Cabanac","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cabanac M (1997) Regulation and modulation in biology. A reexamination of temperature regulation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 813:21\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51668.x","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR234","first-page":"22","volume":"73","author":"GF Cahill","year":"1961","unstructured":"Cahill GF (1961) Metabolic role of adipose tissue. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 73:22\u201329","journal-title":"Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc"},{"key":"5276_CR235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-014-2894-x","volume":"114","author":"JN Caldwell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Caldwell JN, Matsuda-Nakamura M, Taylor NAS (2014) Three-dimensional interactions of mean body and local skin temperatures in the control of hand and foot blood flows. Eur J Appl Physiol 114:1679\u20131689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-014-2894-x","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-015-3288-4","volume":"116","author":"JN Caldwell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Caldwell JN, Matsuda-Nakamura M, Taylor NAS (2016) Interactions of mean body and local skin temperatures in the modulation of human forearm and calf blood flows: a three-dimensional description. Eur J Appl Physiol 116:343\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-015-3288-4","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086760","volume":"103","author":"JN Caldwell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Caldwell JN, van den Heuvel AMJ, Kerry P, Clark MJ, Peoples GE, Taylor NAS (2018) A vascular mechanism to explain thermally mediated variations in deep-body cooling rates during the immersion of profoundly hyperthermic individuals. Exp Physiol 103:512\u2013522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/EP086760","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1921.sp001968","volume":"55","author":"JA Campbell","year":"1921","unstructured":"Campbell JA, Hargood-Ash D, Hill L (1921) The effect of cooling power of the atmosphere on body metabolism. J Physiol 55:259\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1921.sp001968","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139508925089","volume":"38","author":"V Candas","year":"1995","unstructured":"Candas V, Hoeft A (1995) Clothing, assessment and effects on thermophysiological responses of man working in humid heat. Ergonomics 38:115\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140139508925089","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"5276_CR240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6_2","volume-title":"Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in physiology","author":"V Candas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Candas V, Libert J-P (2022) Contributions of French research to the knowledge of thermal physiology from the eighteenth to the twenty-first century. In: Blatteis CM, Taylor NAS, Mitchell D (eds) Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in physiology. Springer, New York, pp 57\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6_2"},{"key":"5276_CR241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00714992","volume":"55","author":"V Candas","year":"1986","unstructured":"Candas V, Libert JP, Brandenberger G, Sagot JC, Amoros C, Kahn JM (1986) Hydration during exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 55:113\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00714992","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1979.46.3.522","volume":"46","author":"V Candas","year":"1979","unstructured":"Candas V, Libert J-P, Vogt JJ (1979) Human skin wettedness and evaporative efficiency of sweating. J Appl Physiol 46:522\u2013528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1979.46.3.522","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00421090","volume":"44","author":"V Candas","year":"1980","unstructured":"Candas V, Libert J-P, Vogt JJ (1980) Effect of hidromeiosis on sweat drippage during acclimation to humid heat. Eur J Appl Physiol 44:123\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00421090","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00422161","volume":"50","author":"V Candas","year":"1983","unstructured":"Candas V, Libert J-P, Vogt JJ (1983) Sweating and sweat decline of resting men in hot humid environments. Eur J Appl Physiol 50:223\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00422161","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR245","volume-title":"First footprints: the epic story of the first Australians","author":"S Cane","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cane S (2013) First footprints: the epic story of the first Australians. Allen & Unwin, Sydney"},{"key":"5276_CR246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1918.0017","volume":"90","author":"WB Cannon","year":"1918","unstructured":"Cannon WB (1918) The physiological basis of thirst. Proc R Soc Ser B 90:283\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.1918.0017","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Ser B"},{"key":"5276_CR247","first-page":"91","volume-title":"\u00c0 Charles Richet: Amis, ses Coll\u00e8gues, ses \u00c9l\u00e8ves","author":"WB Cannon","year":"1926","unstructured":"Cannon WB (1926) Physiological regulation of normal states: some tentative postulates concerning biological homeostatics. In: Pettit A (ed) \u00c0 Charles Richet: Amis, ses Coll\u00e8gues, ses \u00c9l\u00e8ves. Les \u00c9ditions M\u00e9dicales, Paris, pp 91\u201393"},{"key":"5276_CR248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1929.9.3.399","volume":"9","author":"WB Cannon","year":"1929","unstructured":"Cannon WB (1929) Organization for physiological homeostasis. Physiol Rev 9:399\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1929.9.3.399","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1113\/EP087875","volume":"105","author":"B Cannon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cannon B, de Jong JMA, Fischer AW, Nedergaard J, Petrovic N (2020) Human brown adipose tissue: classical brown rather than brite\/beige? Exp Physiol 105:1191\u20131200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/EP087875","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1960.sp006582","volume":"154","author":"P Cannon","year":"1960","unstructured":"Cannon P, Keatinge WR (1960) The metabolic rate and heat loss of fat and thin men in heat balance in cold and warm water. J Physiol 154:329\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1960.sp006582","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00015.2003","volume":"84","author":"B Cannon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cannon B, Nedergaard J (2004) Brown adipose tissue: function and physiological significance. Physiol Rev 84:277\u2013359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00015.2003","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI60941","volume":"122","author":"B Cannon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cannon B, Nedergaard J (2012) Yes, even human brown fat is on fire! J Clin Investig 122:486\u2013489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI60941","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"5276_CR253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1927.79.2.466","volume":"79","author":"WB Cannon","year":"1927","unstructured":"Cannon WB, Querido A, Britton SW, Bright EM (1927) Studies on the conditions of activity in endocrine glands. XXI. The r\u00f4le of adrenal secretion in the chemical control of body temperature. Am J Physiol 79:466\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1927.79.2.466","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-022-00411-4","volume":"8","author":"Y Cao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cao Y, Lei TH, Wang F, Yang B, M\u00fcndel T (2022) Head, face and neck cooling as per-cooling (cooling during exercise) modalities to improve exercise performance in the heat: a narrative review and practical applications. Sports Med-Open 8:1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40798-022-00411-4","journal-title":"Sports Med-Open"},{"key":"5276_CR255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E55","DOI":"10.1001\/amajethics.2021.55","volume":"23","author":"AL Caplan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Caplan AL (2021) How should we regard information gathered in Nazi experiments? AMA J Ethics 23:E55\u2013E58. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/amajethics.2021.55","journal-title":"AMA J Ethics"},{"key":"5276_CR256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-43.6.640","volume":"43","author":"TA Cappaert","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cappaert TA, Stone JA, Castellani JW, Krause BA, Smith D, Stephens BA (2008) National Athletic Trainers\u2019 Association position statement: environmental cold injuries. J Athl Train 43:640\u2013658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-43.6.640","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"5276_CR257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-007-0655-9","volume":"104","author":"V Caravello","year":"2008","unstructured":"Caravello V, McCullough EA, Ashley CD, Bernard TE (2008) Apparent evaporative resistance at critical conditions for five clothing ensembles. Eur J Appl Physiol 104:361\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-007-0655-9","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/03091900802069547","volume":"29","author":"LD Carlson","year":"1958","unstructured":"Carlson LD, Hsieh AC, Fullington F, Elsner RW (1958) Immersion in cold water and body tissue insulation. J Aviat Med 29:145\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03091900802069547","journal-title":"J Aviat Med"},{"key":"5276_CR259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00447","volume":"9","author":"AC Carpentier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carpentier AC, Blondin DP, Virtanen KA, Richard D, Haman F, Turcotte \u00c9E (2018) Brown adipose tissue energy metabolism in humans. Front Endocrinol 9:447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2018.00447","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"5276_CR261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31819c7013","volume":"41","author":"DJ Casa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Casa DJ, Kenny GP (2009) In defense of cold water. Med Sci Sports Exerc 41:1164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31819c7013","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s11932-005-0015-7","volume":"4","author":"DJ Casa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Casa DJ, Armstrong LE, Ganio MS, Yeargin SW (2005) Exertional heat stroke in competitive athletes. Curr Sports Med Rep 4:309\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11932-005-0015-7","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"key":"5276_CR263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/jes.0b013e3180a02bec","volume":"35","author":"DJ Casa","year":"2007","unstructured":"Casa DJ, McDermott BP, Lee EC, Yeargin SW, Armstrong LE, Maresh CM (2007) Cold water immersion: the gold standard for exertional heatstroke treatment. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 35:141\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/jes.0b013e3180a02bec","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR5555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.3928\/19425864-20100428-07","volume":"2","author":"DJ Casa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Casa DJ, Armstrong LE, Carter R, Lopez B, McDermott B, Scriber K (2010a) Historical perspectives on medical care for heat stroke, Part 1: Ancient times through the nineteenth century: a review of the literature. Athletic Training  Sports Health Care 2:132\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/19425864-20100428-07","journal-title":"Athletic Training Sports Health Care"},{"key":"5276_CR262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181e26cbb","volume":"42","author":"DJ Casa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Casa DJ, Kenny GP, Taylor NAS (2010b) Immersion treatment for exertional hyperthermia: cold or temperate water? Med Sci Sports Exerc 42:1246\u20131252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181e26cbb","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1925.73.2.417","volume":"73","author":"GJ Cassidy","year":"1925","unstructured":"Cassidy GJ, Dworkin S, Finney WH (1925) Insulin and the mechanism of hibernation. Am J Physiol 73:417\u2013428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1925.73.2.417","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000502","volume":"42","author":"JW Castellani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Castellani JW (2020) Running in cold weather: exercise performance and cold injury risk. Strength Cond J 42:83\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000502","journal-title":"Strength Cond J"},{"key":"5276_CR266","volume-title":"Manual of tropical medicine","author":"A Castellani","year":"1913","unstructured":"Castellani A, Chalmers AJ (1913) Manual of tropical medicine. Bailli\u00e8re, Tindall and Cox, London"},{"key":"5276_CR267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000907","volume":"20","author":"JW Castellani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Castellani JW, Eglin CM, Ik\u00e4heimo TM, Montgomery H, Paal P, Tipton MJ (2021) ACSM expert consensus statement: Injury prevention and exercise performance during cold-weather exercise. Curr Sports Med Rep 20:594\u2013607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000907","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"key":"5276_CR268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.2741\/s106","volume":"2","author":"JW Castellani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Castellani JW, Sawka MN, DeGroot DW, Young AJ (2010) Cold thermoregulatory responses following exertional fatigue. Front Biosci (schol Ed) 2:854\u2013865. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2741\/s106","journal-title":"Front Biosci (schol Ed)"},{"key":"5276_CR269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c140081","volume":"6","author":"JW Castellani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Castellani JW, Tipton MJ (2016) Cold stress effects on exposure tolerance and exercise performance. Compr Physiol 6:443\u2013469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c140081","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091260","volume":"46","author":"JW Castellani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Castellani JW, Young AJ (2012) Health and performance challenges during sports training and competition in cold weather. Br J Sports Med 46:788\u2013791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091260","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2016.02.009","volume":"196","author":"JW Castellani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Castellani JW, Young AJ (2016) Human physiological responses to cold exposure: acute responses and acclimatization to prolonged exposure. Auton Neurosci 196:63\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autneu.2016.02.009","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"5276_CR272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00513.2018","volume":"125","author":"JW Castellani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Castellani JW, Yurkevicius BR, Jones ML, Driscoll TJ, Cowell CM, Smith L, Xu X, O\u2019Brien C (2018) Effect of localized microclimate heating on peripheral skin temperatures and manual dexterity during cold exposure. J Appl Physiol 125:1498\u20131510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00513.2018","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR273","first-page":"135","volume":"70","author":"TJ Cattermole","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cattermole TJ (1999) The epidemiology of cold injury in Antarctica. Aviat Space Environ Med 70:135\u2013140","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1963.18.1.1","volume":"18","author":"GA Cavagna","year":"1963","unstructured":"Cavagna GA, Saibene FP, Margaria R (1963) External work in walking. J Appl Physiol 18:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1963.18.1.1","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR275","first-page":"173","volume":"54","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2005","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2005) Hypothermia-related deaths - United States, 2003\u20132004. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 54:173\u2013175","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"5276_CR276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbm.1933.0012","volume":"1","author":"C.E.P.","year":"1933","unstructured":"C.E.P. (1933) Graham Lusk, 1866\u20131932. Biogr Mem Fellows R Soc 1:143\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbm.1933.0012","journal-title":"Biogr Mem Fellows R Soc"},{"key":"5276_CR277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1952.tb16160.x","volume":"64","author":"TM Chalmers","year":"1952","unstructured":"Chalmers TM, Keele CA (1952) The nervous and chemical control of sweating. Br J Dermatol 64:43\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1952.tb16160.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"5276_CR278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1353\/pbm.1990.0049","volume":"34","author":"CB Chapman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Chapman CB (1990) The long reach of Harvard\u2019s Fatigue Laboratory, 1926\u20131947. Perspect Biol Med 34:17\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/pbm.1990.0049","journal-title":"Perspect Biol Med"},{"key":"5276_CR279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.4065\/78.5.603","volume":"78","author":"N Charkoudian","year":"2003","unstructured":"Charkoudian N (2003) Skin blood flow in adult human thermoregulation: how it works, when it does not, and why. Mayo Clin Proc 78:603\u2013612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4065\/78.5.603","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"5276_CR280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00298.2010","volume":"109","author":"N Charkoudian","year":"2010","unstructured":"Charkoudian N (2010) Mechanisms and modifiers of reflex induced cutaneous vasodilation and vasoconstriction in humans. J Appl Physiol 109:1221\u20131228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00298.2010","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00507","volume":"10","author":"AM Che Muhamed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Che Muhamed AM, Yusof HA, Stannard SR, M\u00fcndel T, Thompson MW (2019) The efficacy of ingesting water on thermoregulatory responses and running performance in a warm-humid condition. Front Physiol 10:507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2019.00507","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200831020-00002","volume":"31","author":"WP Cheshire","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cheshire WP, Fealey RD (2008) Drug-induced hyperhidrosis and hypohidrosis. Drug Saf 31:109\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00002018-200831020-00002","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"5276_CR283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2015.1008890","volume":"2","author":"SS Cheung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cheung SS (2015) Responses of the hands and feet to cold exposure. Temperature 2:105\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23328940.2015.1008890","journal-title":"Temperature"},{"key":"5276_CR284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050312","volume":"77","author":"SS Cheung","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cheung SS, McLellan TM (1997) Influence of hydration status and fluid replacement on heat tolerance while wearing NBC protective clothing. Eur J Appl Physiol 77:139\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004210050312","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200029050-00004","volume":"29","author":"SS Cheung","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cheung SS, McLellan TM, Tenaglia S (2000) The thermophysiology of uncompensable heat stress. Sports Med 29:329\u2013359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-200029050-00004","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-006-0383-6","volume":"99","author":"SS Cheung","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cheung SS, Mekjavic IB (2007) Cold-induced vasodilatation is not homogenous or generalizable across the hand and feet. Eur J Appl Physiol 99:701\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-006-0383-6","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1097\/00003677-200407000-00005","volume":"32","author":"SS Cheung","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cheung SS, Sleivert GG (2004) Multiple triggers for hyperthermic fatigue and exhaustion. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 32:100\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003677-200407000-00005","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002659","volume":"53","author":"SN Cheuvront","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheuvront SN, Caldwell AR, Cheuvront PJ, Kenefick RW, Troyanos C (2021) Earlier Boston Marathon start time mitigates environmental heat stress. Med Sci Sports Exerc 53:1999\u20132005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002659","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000222838.74015.15","volume":"38","author":"SN Cheuvront","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cheuvront SN, Carter R, Haymes EM, Sawka MN (2006) No effect of moderate hypohydration or hyperthermia on anaerobic exercise performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 38:1093\u20131097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/01.mss.0000222838.74015.15","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.14.5.532","volume":"14","author":"SN Cheuvront","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cheuvront SN, Carter R, Montain SJ, Sawka MN (2004) Daily body mass variability and stability in active men undergoing exercise-heat stress. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 14:532\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijsnem.14.5.532","journal-title":"Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab"},{"key":"5276_CR291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200131100-00004","volume":"31","author":"SN Cheuvront","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cheuvront SN, Haymes EM (2001) Thermoregulation and marathon running: biological and environmental influences. Sports Med 31:743\u2013762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-200131100-00004","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c130017","volume":"4","author":"SN Cheuvront","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheuvront SN, Kenefick RW (2014) Dehydration: physiology, assessment, and performance effects. Compr Physiol 4:257\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c130017","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00367.2010","volume":"109","author":"SN Cheuvront","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cheuvront SN, Kenefick RW, Montain SJ, Sawka MN (2010) Mechanisms of aerobic performance impairment with heat stress and dehydration. J Appl Physiol 109:1989\u20131995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00367.2010","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086284","volume":"102","author":"SN Cheuvront","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cheuvront SN, Montain SJ (2017) Myths and methodologies: making sense of exercise mass and water balance. Exp Physiol 102:1047\u20131053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/EP086284","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12380","volume":"38","author":"HC Choo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Choo HC, Nosaka K, Peiffer JJ, Ihsan M, Yeo CC, Abbiss CR (2018) Peripheral blood flow changes in response to postexercise cold water immersion. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 38:46\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cpf.12380","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"key":"5276_CR296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1101","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1995.268.5.R1101","volume":"268","author":"I Choshniak","year":"1995","unstructured":"Choshniak I, Ben-Kohav N, Taylor CR, Robertshaw D, Barnes RJ, Dobson A, Belkin V, Shkolnik A (1995) Metabolic adaptations for desert survival in the Bedouin goat. Am J Physiol 268:R1101\u2013R1110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.1995.268.5.R1101","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR297","first-page":"154","volume":"4","author":"EH Christensen","year":"1931","unstructured":"Christensen EH (1931) Beitr\u00e4ge zur Physiologie schwerer k\u00f6rperlicher Arbeit. II. Mitteilung: Die K\u00f6rpertemperatur w\u00e4hrend und unmittelbar nach schwerer k\u00f6rperlicher Arbeit. Arbeitsphysiologie 4:154\u2013174","journal-title":"Arbeitsphysiologie"},{"key":"5276_CR298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1939.tb01319.x","volume":"81","author":"EH Christensen","year":"1939","unstructured":"Christensen EH, Hansen O (1939) Untersuchungen \u00fcber die Verbrennungsvorg\u00e4nge bei langdauernder, schwerer Muskelarbeit. Skandinavisches Archiv F\u00fcr Physiologie 81:152\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1939.tb01319.x","journal-title":"Skandinavisches Archiv F\u00fcr Physiologie"},{"key":"5276_CR299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3109\/03014460.2015.1052344","volume":"42","author":"DL Christensen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Christensen DL, Malina RM (2015) Bengt Saltin 1935\u20132014. Ann Hum Biol 42:295\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/03014460.2015.1052344","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.14.2-3.131","volume":"14","author":"CL Christensen","year":"1980","unstructured":"Christensen CL, Ruhling RO (1980) Thermoregulatory responses during a marathon. A case study of a woman runner. Br J Sports Med 14:131\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.14.2-3.131","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kww199","volume":"185","author":"Y Chung","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chung Y, Noh H, Honda Y, Hashizume M, Bell ML, Guo YL, Kim H (2017) Temporal changes in mortality related to extreme temperatures for 15 cities in Northeast Asia: adaptation to heat and maladaptation to cold. Am J Epidemiol 185:907\u2013913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kww199","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"5276_CR302","unstructured":"Cilento RW (1925) The White Man in the Tropics with Especial Reference to Australia and its Dependencies. Service Publication (Tropical Division) No. 7. Division of Tropical Hygiene of the Commonwealth Department of Health, Australia."},{"key":"5276_CR303","unstructured":"Cilento RW (1926) Observations of the white working population of tropical Queensland. Health. January:5\u201314"},{"key":"5276_CR304","first-page":"12","volume":"13","author":"N Claassen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Claassen N, Kok R (2007) The accuracy of the WBGT heat stress index at low and high humidity levels. Occup Health South Afr 13:12\u201318","journal-title":"Occup Health South Afr"},{"key":"5276_CR305","first-page":"239","volume":"8","author":"AD Claremont","year":"1976","unstructured":"Claremont AD, Costill DL, Fink W, van Handel P (1976) Heat tolerance following diuretic induced dehydration. Med Sci Sports 8:239\u2013243","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"5276_CR306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1938.18.2.229","volume":"18","author":"ER Clark","year":"1938","unstructured":"Clark ER (1938) Arterio-venous anastomoses. Physiol Rev 18:229\u2013247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1938.18.2.229","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR307","volume-title":"Man and his thermal environment","author":"RP Clark","year":"1985","unstructured":"Clark RP, Edholm OG (1985) Man and his thermal environment. Edward Arnold, London"},{"key":"5276_CR308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1983.55.2.440","volume":"55","author":"JM Clark","year":"1983","unstructured":"Clark JM, Hagerman FC, Gelfand RR (1983) Breathing patterns during submaximal and maximal exercise in elite oarsmen. J Appl Physiol 55:440\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1983.55.2.440","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1958.sp006071","volume":"143","author":"RS Clarke","year":"1958","unstructured":"Clarke RS, Hellon RF, Lind AR (1958) The duration of sustained contractions of the human forearm at different muscle temperatures. J Physiol 143:454\u2013473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1958.sp006071","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR310","first-page":"468","volume":"37","author":"DH Clarke","year":"1966","unstructured":"Clarke DH, Stelmach GE (1966) Muscular fatigue and recovery curve parameters at various temperatures. Res Q 37:468\u2013479","journal-title":"Res Q"},{"key":"5276_CR311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm197409122911106","volume":"291","author":"GH Clowes","year":"1974","unstructured":"Clowes GH, O\u2019Donnell TF (1974) Heat stroke. N Engl J Med 291:564\u2013567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejm197409122911106","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5276_CR312","first-page":"19","volume":"6","author":"EH Cluver","year":"1932","unstructured":"Cluver EH (1932) An analysis of ninety-two fatal heat-stroke cases on the Witwatersrand gold mines. S Afr Med J 6:19\u201322","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"5276_CR313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2021.102671","volume":"67","author":"L Coates","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coates L, van Leeuwen J, Browning S, Gissing A, Bratchell J, Avci A (2022) Heatwave fatalities in Australia, 2001\u20132018: an analysis of coronial records. Int J Disaster Risk Reduc 67:102671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2021.102671","journal-title":"Int J Disaster Risk Reduc"},{"key":"5276_CR314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2016.08.004","volume":"18","author":"S Coccolo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Coccolo S, K\u00e4mpf J, Scartezzini JL, Pearlmutter D (2016) Outdoor human comfort and thermal stress: a comprehensive review on models and standards. Urban Climate 18:33\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.uclim.2016.08.004","journal-title":"Urban Climate"},{"key":"5276_CR315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1080\/03014468500007921","volume":"12","author":"KJ Collins","year":"1985","unstructured":"Collins KJ (1985) Otto gustav edholm. Ann Hum Biol 12:383\u2013384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03014468500007921","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"issue":"6057","key":"5276_CR316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6057.353","volume":"1","author":"KJ Collins","year":"1977","unstructured":"Collins KJ, Dore C, Exton-Smith AN, Fox RH, MacDonald IC, Woodward PM (1977) Accidental hypothermia and impaired temperature homoeostasis in the elderly. BMJ 1(6057):353\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.1.6057.353","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1093\/jhmas\/VII.3.280","volume":"7","author":"R Colp","year":"1952","unstructured":"Colp R (1952) Ernest H. starling: his contribution to medicine. J Hist Med Allied Sci 7:280\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jhmas\/VII.3.280","journal-title":"J Hist Med Allied Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR318","volume-title":"Description de l\u2019\u00c9gypte, ou Recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 faites en \u00c9gypte pendant l\u2019exp\u00e9dition de l\u2019arm\u00e9e Fran\u00e7aise. Tome 1","author":"Commission des Sciences et Arts d\u2019Egypte","year":"1809","unstructured":"Commission des Sciences et Arts d\u2019Egypte (1809) Description de l\u2019\u00c9gypte, ou Recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 faites en \u00c9gypte pendant l\u2019exp\u00e9dition de l\u2019arm\u00e9e Fran\u00e7aise. Tome 1. Imprimerie Imp\u00e9riale, Paris"},{"key":"5276_CR319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199512000-00012","volume":"23","author":"AW Conn","year":"1995","unstructured":"Conn AW, Miyasaka K, Katayama M, Fujita M, Orima H, Barker G, Bohn D (1995) A canine study of cold water drowning in fresh versus salt water. Crit Care Med 23:2029\u20132037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003246-199512000-00012","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"5276_CR320","volume-title":"Functional anatomy of the circulation to the lower extermities","author":"MC Conrad","year":"1971","unstructured":"Conrad MC (1971) Functional anatomy of the circulation to the lower extermities. Year Book, Chicago"},{"key":"5276_CR321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1983.54.2.508","volume":"54","author":"VA Convertino","year":"1983","unstructured":"Convertino VA, Keil LC, Greenleaf JE (1983) Plasma volume, renin, and vasopressin responses to graded exercise after training. J Appl Physiol 54:508\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1983.54.2.508","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459-014-9509-5","volume":"20","author":"DA Cook","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cook DA, Hatala R (2015) Got power? A systematic review of sample size adequacy in health professions education research. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 20:73\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10459-014-9509-5","journal-title":"Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract"},{"key":"5276_CR323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1913.sp001562","volume":"45","author":"F Cook","year":"1913","unstructured":"Cook F, Pembrey MS (1913) Observations on the effects of muscular exercise upon man. J Physiol 45:429\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1913.sp001562","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01051.2001","volume":"92","author":"KE Cooper","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cooper KE (2002) Some historical perspectives on thermoregulation. J Appl Physiol 92:1717\u20131724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01051.2001","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1955.sp005304","volume":"128","author":"KE Cooper","year":"1955","unstructured":"Cooper KE, Edholm OG, Mottram RF (1955) The blood flow in skin and muscle of the human forearm. J Physiol 128:258\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1955.sp005304","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR326","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18004418815","volume":"44","author":"KE Cooper","year":"1957","unstructured":"Cooper KE, Kenyon JR (1957) A comparison of temperatures measured in the rectum, oesophagus, and on the surface of the aorta during hypothermia in man. Br J Surg 44:616\u2013619. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.18004418815","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"5276_CR327","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1972.03200220058013","volume":"221","author":"DL Costill","year":"1972","unstructured":"Costill DL (1972) Physiology of marathon running. J Am Med Assoc 221:1024\u20131029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1972.03200220058013","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"5276_CR328","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1967.22.4.628","volume":"22","author":"DL Costill","year":"1967","unstructured":"Costill DL, Cahill PJ, Eddy D (1967) Metabolic responses to submaximal exercise in three water temperatures. J Appl Physiol 22:628\u2013632. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1967.22.4.628","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01100536","volume":"29","author":"DL Costill","year":"1971","unstructured":"Costill DL, Branam G, Eddy D, Sparks K (1971) Determinants of marathon running success. Internationale Zeitschrift F\u00fcr Angewandte Physiologie Einschlie\u00dflich Arbeitsphysiologie 29:249\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01100536","journal-title":"Internationale Zeitschrift F\u00fcr Angewandte Physiologie Einschlie\u00dflich Arbeitsphysiologie"},{"key":"5276_CR330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1976.40.1.6","volume":"40","author":"DL Costill","year":"1976","unstructured":"Costill DL, Cot\u00e9 R, Fink W (1976) Muscle water and electrolytes following varied levels of dehydration in man. J Appl Physiol 40:6\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1976.40.1.6","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1970.10667282","volume":"21","author":"DL Costill","year":"1970","unstructured":"Costill DL, Kammer WF, Fisher A (1970) Fluid ingestion during distance running. Arch Environ Health 21:520\u2013525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00039896.1970.10667282","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"5276_CR332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199002000-00004","volume":"22","author":"A Costrini","year":"1990","unstructured":"Costrini A (1990) Emergency treatment of exertional heatstroke and comparison of whole body cooling techniques. Med Sci Sports Exerc 22:15\u201318","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR333","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.081562","volume":"565","author":"JD Cotter","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cotter JD, Taylor NAS (2005) The distribution of cutaneous sudomotor and alliesthesial thermosensitivity in mildly heat-stressed humans: an open-loop approach. J Physiol 565:335\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.081562","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-7648-3-18","volume":"3","author":"JD Cotter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cotter JD, Thornton SN, Lee JK, Laursen PB (2014) Are we being drowned in hydration advice? Thirsty for more? Extreme Physiol Med 3:18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2046-7648-3-18","journal-title":"Extreme Physiol Med"},{"key":"5276_CR336","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-2014-000385","volume":"162","author":"AT Cox","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cox AT, Lentaigne J, White S, Burns DS, Parsons I, O\u2019Shea M, Stacey M, Sharma S, Wilson D (2016) A 2-year review of the general internal medicine admissions to the British Role 3 Hospital in Camp Bastion, Afghanistan. BMJ Military Health 162:56\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jramc-2014-000385","journal-title":"BMJ Military Health"},{"key":"5276_CR337","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.61.1.165","volume":"61","author":"EF Coyle","year":"1986","unstructured":"Coyle EF, Coggan AR, Hemmert MK, Ivy JL (1986) Muscle glycogen utilization during prolonged strenuous exercise when fed carbohydrate. J Appl Physiol 61:165\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1986.61.1.165","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR338","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1983.55.1.230","volume":"55","author":"EF Coyle","year":"1983","unstructured":"Coyle EF, Hagberg JM, Hurley BF, Martin WH, Ehsani AA, Holloszy JO (1983) Carbohydrate feeding during prolonged strenuous exercise can delay fatigue. J Appl Physiol 55:230\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1983.55.1.230","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR339","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1966.21.5.1577","volume":"21","author":"AB Craig","year":"1966","unstructured":"Craig AB, Dvorak M (1966) Thermal regulation during water immersion. J Appl Physiol 21:1577\u20131585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1966.21.5.1577","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1954.6.10.634","volume":"6","author":"FN Craig","year":"1954","unstructured":"Craig FN, Garren HW, Frankel H, Blevins WV (1954) Heat load and voluntary tolerance time. J Appl Physiol 6:634\u2013643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1954.6.10.634","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR341","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1974.36.3.313","volume":"36","author":"FN Craig","year":"1974","unstructured":"Craig FN, Moffitt JT (1974) Efficiency of evaporative cooling from wet clothing. J Appl Physiol 36:313\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1974.36.3.313","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085915","volume":"102","author":"MN Cramer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cramer MN, Gagnon D, Crandall CG, Jay O (2017) Does attenuated skin blood flow lower sweat rate and the critical environmental limit for heat balance during severe heat exposure? Exp Physiol 102:202\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/EP085915","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00047.2021","volume":"102","author":"MN Cramer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cramer MN, Gagnon D, Laitano O, Crandall CG (2022) Human temperature regulation under heat stress in health, disease, and injury. Physiol Rev 102:1907\u20131989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00047.2021","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2010.02119.x","volume":"199","author":"CG Crandall","year":"2010","unstructured":"Crandall CG, Gonz\u00e1lez-Alonso J (2010) Cardiovascular function in the heat-stressed human. Acta Physiol 199:407\u2013423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2010.02119.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c140015","volume":"5","author":"CG Crandall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Crandall CG, Wilson TE (2015) Human cardiovascular responses to passive heat stress. Compr Physiol 5:17\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c140015","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR346","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2014.04.002","volume":"43","author":"JS Cuddy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cuddy JS, Hailes WS, Ruby BC (2014) A reduced core to skin temperature gradient, not a critical core temperature, affects aerobic capacity in the heat. J Therm Biol 43:7\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2014.04.002","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR347","unstructured":"Currie J (1797) Medical reports on the effects of water, cold and warm, as a remedy in fever, and febrile diseases; whether applied to the surface of the body, or used as a drink: with observations on the nature of fever; and on the effects of opium, alcohol, and inanition. Cadell and Davies, London"},{"key":"5276_CR348","volume-title":"Medical reports, on the effects of water, cold and warm : as a remedy in fever and other diseases, whether applied to the surface of the body, or used internally","author":"J Currie","year":"1805","unstructured":"Currie J (1805) Medical reports, on the effects of water, cold and warm\u202f: as a remedy in fever and other diseases, whether applied to the surface of the body, or used internally. T. Cadell and W. Davies, London"},{"key":"5276_CR349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1098\/rstl.1792.0014","volume":"82","author":"J Currie","year":"1792","unstructured":"Currie J, Percival T (1792) An account of the remarkable effects of a shipwreck on the mariners; with experiments and observations on the influence of immersion in fresh and salt water, hot and cold, on the powers of the living body. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 82:199\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstl.1792.0014","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond"},{"key":"5276_CR350","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810780","volume":"360","author":"AM Cypess","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cypess AM, Lehman S, Williams G, Tal I, Rodman D, Goldfine AB, Kuo FC, Palmer EL, Tseng YH, Doria A, Kolodny GM, Kahn CR (2009) Identification and importance of brown adipose tissue in adult humans. N Engl J Med 360:1509\u20131517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa0810780","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5276_CR351","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-003-0818-2","volume":"89","author":"HAM Daanen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Daanen HAM (2003) Finger cold-induced vasodilation: a review. Eur J Appl Physiol 89:411\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-003-0818-2","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.47.262","volume":"47","author":"HAM Daanen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Daanen HAM (2009) Manual performance deterioration in the cold estimated using the wind chill equivalent temperature. Ind Health 47:262\u2013270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2486\/indhealth.47.262","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"key":"5276_CR353","first-page":"1206","volume":"70","author":"HAM Daanen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Daanen HAM, Ducharme MB (1999) Finger cold-induced vasodilation during mild hypothermia, hyperthermia and at thermoneutrality. Aviat Space Environ Med 70:1206\u20131210","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR354","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.3859.1161","volume":"2","author":"HH Dale","year":"1934","unstructured":"Dale HH (1934) Pharmacology and nerve endings: first Dixon Memorial lecture by Sir Henry Dale. BMJ 2:1161\u20131163","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbm.1947.0008","volume":"5","author":"HH Dale","year":"1947","unstructured":"Dale HH (1947) Walter Bradford Cannon, 1871\u20131945. Biogr Mem Fellows R Soc 5:407\u2013423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbm.1947.0008","journal-title":"Biogr Mem Fellows R Soc"},{"key":"5276_CR356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbm.1962.0006","volume":"8","author":"HH Dale","year":"1962","unstructured":"Dale HH (1962) Otto Loewi, 1873\u20131961. Biogr Mem Fellows R Soc 8:67\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbm.1962.0006","journal-title":"Biogr Mem Fellows R Soc"},{"key":"5276_CR357","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1934.sp003166","volume":"82","author":"HH Dale","year":"1934","unstructured":"Dale HH, Feldberg W (1934) The chemical transmission of secretory impulses to the sweat glands of the cat. J Physiol 82:121\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1934.sp003166","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR358","first-page":"xii","volume":"44","author":"HH Dale","year":"1912","unstructured":"Dale HH, Laidlaw PP (1912) Some actions of pilocarpine and nicotine. J Physiol 44:xii\u2013xiii","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR359","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200535020-00004","volume":"35","author":"GM Dallam","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dallam GM, Jonas S, Miller TK (2005) Medical considerations in triathlon competition: recommendations for triathlon organisers, competitors and coaches. Sports Med 35:143\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-200535020-00004","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR360","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(68)90262-7","volume":"76","author":"AN Damato","year":"1968","unstructured":"Damato AN, Lau SH, Stein E, Haft JI, Kosowsky B, Cohen SI (1968) Cardiovascular response to acute thermal stress (hot dry environment) in unacclimatized normal subjects. Am Heart J 76:769\u2013774. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-8703(68)90262-7","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"5276_CR361","first-page":"955","volume":"58","author":"FR d\u2019Ambrosio Alfano","year":"2014","unstructured":"d\u2019Ambrosio Alfano FR, Malchaire J, Palella BI, Riccio G (2014) WBGT index revisited after 60 years of use. Ann Occup Hyg 58:955\u2013970","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"5276_CR362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1093\/annhyg\/mes036","volume":"56","author":"FR d\u2019Ambrosio Alfano","year":"2012","unstructured":"d\u2019Ambrosio Alfano FR, Palella BI, Riccio G (2012) On the problems related to natural wet bulb temperature indirect evaluation for the assessment of hot thermal environments by means of WBGT. Ann Occup Hyg 56:1063\u20131079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annhyg\/mes036","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"5276_CR363","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2012.760756","volume":"56","author":"FR d\u2019Ambrosio Alfano","year":"2013","unstructured":"d\u2019Ambrosio Alfano FR, Palella BI, Riccio G (2013) Notes on the implementation of the IREQ model for the assessment of extreme cold environments. Ergonomics 56:707\u2013724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140139.2012.760756","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"5276_CR364","first-page":"1872","volume":"46","author":"CP Dancaster","year":"1972","unstructured":"Dancaster CP (1972) Body temperatures after rugby. S Afr Med J 46:1872\u20131874","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"5276_CR365","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.10741013","volume":"10","author":"J Danziger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Danziger J, Zeidel ML (2015) Osmotic homeostasis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 10:852\u2013862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.10741013","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"5276_CR366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1976.41.5.772","volume":"41","author":"CTM Davies","year":"1976","unstructured":"Davies CTM, Brotherhood JR, Zeidifard E (1976) Temperature regulation during severe exercise with some observations on effects of skin wetting. J Appl Physiol 41:772\u2013776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1976.41.5.772","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR367","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1098\/rstl.1845.0014","volume":"135","author":"J Davy","year":"1845","unstructured":"Davy J (1845) On the temperature of man. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 135:319\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstl.1845.0014","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond"},{"key":"5276_CR368","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1098\/rstl.1850.0023","volume":"140","author":"J Davy","year":"1850","unstructured":"Davy J (1850) XXII. On the temperature of man within the tropics. Proc R Soc Lond 140:437\u2013466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstl.1850.0023","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond"},{"key":"5276_CR369","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1098\/rspl.1843.0238","volume":"5","author":"J Davy","year":"1851","unstructured":"Davy J (1851) On the temperature of man in the tropics. Proc R Soc Lond 5:946\u2013947. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspl.1843.0238","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond"},{"key":"5276_CR370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0865-62","volume":"213","author":"MJR Dawkins","year":"1965","unstructured":"Dawkins MJR, Hull J (1965) The production of heat by fat. Sci Am 213:62\u201367","journal-title":"Sci Am"},{"key":"5276_CR371","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/206201b0","volume":"206","author":"MJR Dawkins","year":"1965","unstructured":"Dawkins MJR, Scopes JW (1965) Non-shivering thermogenesis and brown adipose tissue in the human new-born infant. Nature 206:201\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/206201b0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5276_CR372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f2304","volume":"346","author":"A Dechartres","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dechartres A, Trinquart L, Boutron I, Ravaud P (2013) Influence of trial sample size on treatment effect estimates: meta-epidemiological study. Br Med J 346:f2304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.f2304","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"5276_CR373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s004840050035","volume":"40","author":"RJ de Dear","year":"1997","unstructured":"de Dear RJ, Arens E, Hui Z, Oguro M (1997) Convective and radiative heat transfer coefficients for individual human body segments. Int J Biometeorol 40:141\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004840050035","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"5276_CR374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s004840100093","volume":"45","author":"RJ de Dear","year":"2001","unstructured":"de Dear RJ, Brager GS (2001) The adaptive model of thermal comfort and energy conservation in the built environment. Int J Biometeorol 45:100\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004840100093","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"5276_CR375","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.40.2.178","volume":"40","author":"T Deecke","year":"1883","unstructured":"Deecke T (1883) On the pathology of heat-stroke. Am J Psychiatry 40:178\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ajp.40.2.178","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"5276_CR376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-014-0819-3","volume":"59","author":"CR de Freitas","year":"2015","unstructured":"de Freitas CR, Grigorieva EA (2015) A comprehensive catalogue and classification of human thermal climate indices. Int J Biometeorol 59:109\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-014-0819-3","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"5276_CR377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-016-1228-6","volume":"61","author":"CR de Freitas","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Freitas CR, Grigorieva EA (2017) A comparison and appraisal of a comprehensive range of human thermal climate indices. Int J Biometeorol 61:487\u2013512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-016-1228-6","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"5276_CR378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E214","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1979.237.3.E214","volume":"237","author":"RA DeFronzo","year":"1979","unstructured":"DeFronzo RA, Tobin JD, Andres R (1979) Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance. Am J Physiol 237:E214\u2013E223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.1979.237.3.E214","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR379","first-page":"564","volume":"74","author":"DW DeGroot","year":"2003","unstructured":"DeGroot DW, Castellani JW, Williams JO, Amoroso PJ (2003) Epidemiology of U.S. Army cold weather injuries, 1980\u20131999. Aviat Space Environ Med 74:564\u2013570","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1113\/EP090488","volume":"107","author":"DW DeGroot","year":"2022","unstructured":"DeGroot DW, O\u2019Connor FG, Roberts WO (2022) Exertional heat stroke: an evidence based approach to clinical assessment and management. Exp Physiol 107:1172\u20131183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/EP090488","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7397","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.14.7397","volume":"93","author":"DA Denton","year":"1996","unstructured":"Denton DA, McKinley MJ, Weisinger RS (1996) Hypothalamic integration of body fluid regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:7397\u20137404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.93.14.7397","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"5276_CR382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01223-5","volume":"50","author":"TA Deshayes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deshayes TA, Jeker D, Goulet ED (2020) Impact of pre-exercise hypohydration on aerobic exercise performance, peak oxygen consumption and oxygen consumption at lactate threshold: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Med 50:581\u2013596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-019-01223-5","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR383","first-page":"57","volume":"65","author":"R Deshwal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deshwal R, Tiwari D, Singh R (2017) Clinical and biochemical characteristics of exertional heat stroke among paratroopers in Agra, India. J Assoc Physicians India 65:57\u201361","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"5276_CR384","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1972.32.4.506","volume":"32","author":"JM Detry","year":"1972","unstructured":"Detry JM, Brengelmann GL, Rowell LB, Wyss C (1972) Skin and muscle components of forearm blood flow in directly heated resting man. J Appl Physiol 32:506\u2013511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1972.32.4.506","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR385","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1979.47.4.798","volume":"47","author":"FJ Diaz","year":"1979","unstructured":"Diaz FJ, Bransford DR, Kobayashi K, Horvath SM, McMurray RG (1979) Plasma volume changes during rest and exercise in different postures in a hot humid environment. J Appl Physiol 47:798\u2013803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1979.47.4.798","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0503-70","volume":"288","author":"JH Dickson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dickson JH, Oeggl K, Handley LL (2005) The Iceman reconsidered. Sci Am 288:70\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/scientificamerican0503-70","journal-title":"Sci Am"},{"key":"5276_CR387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1936.16.2.263","volume":"16","author":"DB Dill","year":"1936","unstructured":"Dill DB (1936) The economy of muscular exercise. Physiol Rev 16:263\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1936.16.2.263","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1126\/science.130.3391.1746","volume":"130","author":"DB Dill","year":"1959","unstructured":"Dill DB (1959) Eugene F. DuBois, environmental physiologist. Science 130:1746\u20131747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.130.3391.1746","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5276_CR389","first-page":"35","volume":"18","author":"DB Dill","year":"1964","unstructured":"Dill DB (1964) Physiologists in world war II. Physiologist 18:35\u201337","journal-title":"Physiologist"},{"key":"5276_CR390","volume-title":"The hot life of man and beast. American Lecture Series, Publication Number 1065","author":"DB Dill","year":"1985","unstructured":"Dill DB (1985) The hot life of man and beast. American Lecture Series, Publication Number 1065. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield"},{"key":"5276_CR391","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1962.17.4.645","volume":"17","author":"DB Dill","year":"1962","unstructured":"Dill DB, Consolazio CF (1962) Responses to exercise as related to age and environmental temperature. J Appl Physiol 17:645\u2013648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1962.17.4.645","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1974.37.2.247","volume":"37","author":"DB Dill","year":"1974","unstructured":"Dill DB, Costill DL (1974) Calculation of percentage changes in volumes of blood, plasma, and red cells in dehydration. J Appl Physiol 37:247\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1974.37.2.247","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR393","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02010116","volume":"4","author":"DB Dill","year":"1931","unstructured":"Dill DB, Edwards HT, Bauer PS, Levenson EJ (1931) Physical performance in relation to external temperature. Arbeitsphysiologie 4:508\u2013518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02010116","journal-title":"Arbeitsphysiologie"},{"key":"5276_CR394","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1941.132.3.685","volume":"132","author":"DB Dill","year":"1941","unstructured":"Dill DB, Forbes WH (1941) Respiratory and metabolic effects of hypothermia. Am J Physiol 132:685\u2013697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1941.132.3.685","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1938.123.2.412","volume":"123","author":"DB Dill","year":"1938","unstructured":"Dill DB, Hall FG, Edwards HT (1938) Changes in composition of sweat during acclimatization to heat. Am J Physiol 123:412\u2013419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1938.123.2.412","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR396","first-page":"4","volume":"7","author":"DB Dill","year":"1967","unstructured":"Dill DB, Robinson S, Ross JC (1967) A longitudinal study of 16 champion runners. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 7:4\u201327","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"key":"5276_CR397","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1976.40.2.236","volume":"40","author":"DB Dill","year":"1976","unstructured":"Dill DB, Soholt LF, Oddershede IB (1976) Physiological adjustments of young men to five-hour desert walks. J Appl Physiol 40:236\u2013242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1976.40.2.236","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR398","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1973.35.2.231","volume":"35","author":"DB Dill","year":"1973","unstructured":"Dill DB, Yousef MK, Nelson JD (1973) Responses of men and women to two-hour walks in desert heat. J Appl Physiol 35:231\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1973.35.2.231","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3011","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-013-2730-8","volume":"113","author":"T Dion","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dion T, Savoie FA, Asselin A, Gariepy C, Goulet ED (2013) Half-marathon running performance is not improved by a rate of fluid intake above that dictated by thirst sensation in trained distance runners. Eur J Appl Physiol 113:3011\u20133020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-013-2730-8","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0035266","volume":"89","author":"PE di Prampero","year":"1981","unstructured":"di Prampero PE (1981) Energetics of muscular exercise. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 89:143\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BFb0035266","journal-title":"Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"5276_CR401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1025736","volume":"7","author":"PE di Prampero","year":"1986","unstructured":"di Prampero PE (1986) The energy cost of human locomotion on land and in water. Int J Sports Med 7:55\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2008-1025736","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210000220","volume":"82","author":"PE di Prampero","year":"2000","unstructured":"di Prampero PE (2000) Cycling on Earth, in space, on the Moon. Eur J Appl Physiol 82:345\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004210000220","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1974.37.1.1","volume":"37","author":"PE di Prampero","year":"1974","unstructured":"di Prampero PE, Pendergast DR, Wilson DW, Rennie DW (1974) Energetics of swimming in man. J Appl Physiol 37:1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1974.37.1.1","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(53)90169-7","volume":"15","author":"PA di Sant\u2019Agnese","year":"1953","unstructured":"di Sant\u2019Agnese PA, Darling RC, Perera GA, Shea E (1953) Sweat electrolyte disturbances associated with childhood pancreatic disease. Am J Med 15:777\u2013784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9343(53)90169-7","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"5276_CR405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13728-016-0044-2","volume":"5","author":"T Diversi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Diversi T, Franks-Kardum V, Climstein M (2016) The effect of cold water endurance swimming on core temperature in aspiring English Channel swimmers. Extreme Physiol Med 5:3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13728-016-0044-2","journal-title":"Extreme Physiol Med"},{"key":"5276_CR406","first-page":"1","volume":"116","author":"JC Dixon","year":"1987","unstructured":"Dixon JC, Prior MJ (1987) Wind-chill indices, a review. Meteorol Mag 116:1\u201317","journal-title":"Meteorol Mag"},{"key":"5276_CR407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4565(86)90040-9","volume":"11","author":"R Dmi\u2019el","year":"1986","unstructured":"Dmi\u2019el R (1986) Selective sweat secretion and panting modulation in dehydrated goats. J Therm Biol 11:157\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0306-4565(86)90040-9","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20769","volume":"59","author":"V Donadio","year":"2006","unstructured":"Donadio V, Nolano M, Provitera V, Stancanelli A, Lullo F, Liguori R, Santoro L (2006) Skin sympathetic adrenergic innervation: an immunofluorescence confocal study. Ann Neurol 59:376\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.20769","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"5276_CR409","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usz214","volume":"185","author":"BP Donham","year":"2020","unstructured":"Donham BP, Frankfurt SB, Cartier RA, O\u2019Hara SM, Sieg VC (2020) Low incidence of death and renal failure in United States military service members hospitalized with exertional heat stroke: a retrospective cohort study. Mil Med 185(Supplement 1):362\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/milmed\/usz214","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"5276_CR410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199111060-00003","volume":"11","author":"TJ Doubt","year":"1991","unstructured":"Doubt TJ (1991) Physiology of exercise in the cold. Sports Med 11:367\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-199111060-00003","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR411","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbm.1935.0020","volume":"1","author":"CG Douglas","year":"1935","unstructured":"Douglas CG (1935) Markus Seymour Pembrey, 1868\u20131934. Obit Notice Fellows R Soc 1:563\u2013567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbm.1935.0020","journal-title":"Obit Notice Fellows R Soc"},{"key":"5276_CR412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbm.1936.0009","volume":"2","author":"CG Douglas","year":"1936","unstructured":"Douglas CG (1936) John Scott Haldane, 1860\u20131936. Biogr Mem Fellows R Soc 2:114\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbm.1936.0009","journal-title":"Biogr Mem Fellows R Soc"},{"key":"5276_CR413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbm.1953.0009","volume":"8","author":"CG Douglas","year":"1953","unstructured":"Douglas CG (1953) Leonard Erskine Hill, 1866\u20131952. Obit Notice Fellows R Soc 8:431\u2013443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbm.1953.0009","journal-title":"Obit Notice Fellows R Soc"},{"key":"5276_CR414","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1922.sp001993","volume":"56","author":"CG Douglas","year":"1922","unstructured":"Douglas CG, Haldane JS (1922) The regulation of the general circulation rate in man. J Physiol 56:69\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1922.sp001993","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR415","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.10520\/AJA0038223X_5380","volume":"6","author":"AO Dreosti","year":"1935","unstructured":"Dreosti AO (1935) The results of some investigations into the medical aspects of deep mining on the Witwatersrand. J Chem Metall Min Soc South Afr 6:102\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.10520\/AJA0038223X_5380","journal-title":"J Chem Metall Min Soc South Afr"},{"key":"5276_CR416","first-page":"29","volume":"2","author":"AO Dreosti","year":"1937","unstructured":"Dreosti AO (1937) Pathological reactions produced by work in hot and humid environment in the Witwatersrand gold mines. South Afr J Med Sci 2:29\u201336","journal-title":"South Afr J Med Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR417","first-page":"386","volume-title":"Fourth empire mining and metallurgical congress 1949 proceedings","author":"AO Dreosti","year":"1950","unstructured":"Dreosti AO (1950) The physiology of acclimatization in native mine labourers of the Witwatersrand gold mines. In: Higham F (ed) Fourth empire mining and metallurgical congress 1949 proceedings. The Congress, London, pp 386\u2013397"},{"key":"5276_CR418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01552966","volume":"21","author":"RH Dressendorfer","year":"1977","unstructured":"Dressendorfer RH, Smith RM, Baker DG, Hong SK (1977) Cold tolerance of long-distance runners and swimmers in Hawaii. Int J Biometeorol 21:51\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01552966","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"5276_CR419","first-page":"541","volume":"86","author":"F Drobniewski","year":"1993","unstructured":"Drobniewski F (1993) Why did Nazi doctors break their \u2018hippocratic\u2019 oaths? J R Soc Med 86:541\u2013543","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"5276_CR420","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbm.1945.0012","volume":"5","author":"A Drury","year":"1945","unstructured":"Drury A, Grant RT (1945) Thomas Lewis, 1881\u20131945. Obit Notices Fellows R Soc 5:179\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbm.1945.0012","journal-title":"Obit Notices Fellows R Soc"},{"key":"5276_CR421","first-page":"95","volume":"21","author":"EF DuBois","year":"1940","unstructured":"DuBois EF (1940) Biographical memoir of Graham Lusk: 1866\u20131932. Natl Acad Sci USA Biogr Mem 21:95\u2013142","journal-title":"Natl Acad Sci USA Biogr Mem"},{"key":"5276_CR422","unstructured":"DuBois EF (1941) The temperatures of the human body in health and disease. In: American Institute of Physics. Temperature: its measurement and control in science and industry. Reinhold Publishing Company, New York, pp 24\u201340"},{"key":"5276_CR423","first-page":"476","volume":"59","author":"EF DuBois","year":"1951","unstructured":"DuBois EF (1951) The many different temperatures of the human body and its parts. West J Surg Obst Gynecol 59:476\u2013490","journal-title":"West J Surg Obst Gynecol"},{"key":"5276_CR424","unstructured":"DuBois EF and Riddle O (1958) Francis Gano Benedict\u2014October 3, 1870\u2013May 14, 1957. National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Biographical Memoirs. pp 67\u201399"},{"key":"5276_CR425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4565(99)00046-7","volume":"24","author":"MB Ducharme","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ducharme MB, Brajkovic D, Frim J (1999) The effect of direct and indirect hand heating on finger blood flow and dexterity during cold exposure. J Therm Biol 24:391\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0306-4565(99)00046-7","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1990.69.2.776","volume":"69","author":"MB Ducharme","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ducharme MB, Frim J, Tikuisis P (1990) Errors in heat flux measurements due to the thermal resistance of heat flux disks. J Appl Physiol 69:776\u2013784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1990.69.2.776","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR427","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1088\/0950-7671\/6\/8\/303","volume":"6","author":"AF Dufton","year":"1929","unstructured":"Dufton AF (1929) The eupatheostat. J Sci Instrum 6:249\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0950-7671\/6\/8\/303","journal-title":"J Sci Instrum"},{"key":"5276_CR428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-008-0876-6","volume":"105","author":"JP Dugas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dugas JP, Oosthuizen U, Tucker R, Noakes TD (2009) Rates of fluid ingestion alter pacing but not thermoregulatory responses during prolonged exercise in hot and humid conditions with appropriate convective cooling. Eur J Appl Physiol 105:69\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-008-0876-6","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dugay MV, Sparrow EM and Boetcher SKS (2009) Errors in skin temperature measurements. 2008 Proceedings of the ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference, HT 2008. Volume 3, pp 341\u2013346","DOI":"10.1115\/HT2008-56266"},{"key":"5276_CR430","first-page":"51","volume":"15","author":"F Dukes-Dobos","year":"1973","unstructured":"Dukes-Dobos F, Henschel A (1973) Development of permissible heat exposure limits for occupational work. ASHRAE J 15:51\u201362","journal-title":"ASHRAE J"},{"key":"5276_CR431","first-page":"217","volume":"13","author":"A Duncan","year":"1903","unstructured":"Duncan A (1903) On heat stroke. Edinburgh Med J 13:217\u2013224","journal-title":"Edinburgh Med J"},{"key":"5276_CR432","first-page":"71","volume":"11","author":"A Duncan","year":"1908","unstructured":"Duncan A (1908) Remarks on some recent theories on the action of heat in the tropics. BMJ Military Health 11:71\u201376","journal-title":"BMJ Military Health"},{"key":"5276_CR433","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00418001","volume":"57","author":"R Duncan","year":"1988","unstructured":"Duncan R (1988) Variations in resting metabolic rates of men in Antarctica. Eur J Appl Physiol 57:514\u2013518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00418001","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR434","first-page":"263","volume":"23","author":"J Dwyer","year":"1983","unstructured":"Dwyer J (1983) Marathon swimmers: physiologic characteristics. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 23:263\u2013272","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"key":"5276_CR435","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2006.10.004","volume":"32","author":"C Easton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Easton C, Fudge BW, Pitsiladis YP (2007) Rectal, telemetry pill and tympanic membrane thermometry during exercise heat stress. J Therm Biol 32:78\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2006.10.004","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR436","volume-title":"Man: hot and cold","author":"OG Edholm","year":"1978","unstructured":"Edholm OG (1978) Man: hot and cold. Edward Arnold, London"},{"key":"5276_CR437","volume-title":"The physiology of human survival","author":"OG Edholm","year":"1965","unstructured":"Edholm OG, Bacharach AL (1965) The physiology of human survival. Academic Press, London"},{"key":"5276_CR438","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1956.sp005669","volume":"134","author":"OG Edholm","year":"1956","unstructured":"Edholm OG, Fox RH, Macpherson RK (1956) The effect of body heating on the circulation in skin and muscle. J Physiol 134:612\u2013619. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1956.sp005669","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR439","volume-title":"Polar human biology. The Proceedings of the SCAR\/IUPS\/IUBS Symposium on Human Biology and Medicine in the Antarctic","year":"1973","unstructured":"Edholm OG, Gunderson EKE (eds) (1973) Polar human biology. The Proceedings of the SCAR\/IUPS\/IUBS Symposium on Human Biology and Medicine in the Antarctic. Butterworth-Heinemann, London"},{"key":"5276_CR440","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The principles and practice of human physiology","author":"OG Edholm","year":"1981","unstructured":"Edholm OG, Weiner JS (1981) Introduction to the history of human physiology. In: Edholm OG, Weiner JS (eds) The principles and practice of human physiology. Academic Press, London, pp 1\u201318"},{"key":"5276_CR441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1960.15.2.201","volume":"15","author":"M Edwards","year":"1960","unstructured":"Edwards M, Burton AC (1960) Correlation of heat output and blood flow in the finger, especially in cold-induced vasodilation. J Appl Physiol 15:201\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1960.15.2.201","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR442","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15241","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2136650100","volume":"100","author":"G Egan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Egan G, Silk T, Zamarripa F, Williams J, Federico P, Cunnington R, Carabott L, Blair-West J, Shade R, McKinley M, Farrell M, Lancaster J, Jackson G, Fox P, Denton D (2003) Neural correlates of the emergence of consciousness of thirst. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:15241\u201315246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2136650100","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"5276_CR443","first-page":"584","volume":"30","author":"LW Eichna","year":"1949","unstructured":"Eichna LW (1949) Thermal gradients in man; comparison of temperatures in the femoral artery and femoral vein with rectal temperatures. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 30:584\u2013593","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"5276_CR444","first-page":"25","volume":"76","author":"LW Eichna","year":"1945","unstructured":"Eichna LW, Bean WB, Ashe WF, Nelson N (1945) Performance in relation to environmental temperature. Reactions of normal young men to hot, humid (simulated jungle) environment. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 76:25\u201358","journal-title":"Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp"},{"key":"5276_CR445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI102451","volume":"30","author":"LW Eichna","year":"1951","unstructured":"Eichna LW, Berger AR, Rader B, Becker WH (1951) Comparison of intracardiac and intravascular temperatures with rectal temperatures in man. J Clin Investig 30:353\u2013359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI102451","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"5276_CR446","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.05.030","volume":"166","author":"D Eidenbenz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eidenbenz D, Techel F, Kottmann A, Rousson V, Carron PN, Albrecht R, Pasquier M (2021) Survival probability in avalanche victims with long burial (\u226560 min): a retrospective study. Resuscitation 166:93\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.05.030","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"5276_CR447","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)16211-2","volume":"203","author":"C Eijkman","year":"1924","unstructured":"Eijkman C (1924) Some questions concerning the influence of tropical climate on man. Lancet 203:887\u2013893","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5276_CR448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-201X.2004.01289.x","volume":"181","author":"O Eiken","year":"2004","unstructured":"Eiken O, Mekjavic IB (2004) Ischaemia in working muscles potentiates the exercise induced sweating response in man. Acta Physiol Scand 181:305\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-201X.2004.01289.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139508925084","volume":"38","author":"G Eissing","year":"1995","unstructured":"Eissing G (1995) Climate assessment indices. Ergonomics 38:47\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140139508925084","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"5276_CR450","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1970.tb04650.x","volume":"78","author":"B Ekblom","year":"1969","unstructured":"Ekblom B (1969) Effect of physical training on circulation during prolonged severe exercise. Acta Physiol Scand 78:145\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1970.tb04650.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1970.tb04748.x","volume":"79","author":"B Ekblom","year":"1970","unstructured":"Ekblom B, Greenleaf CJ, Greenleaf JE, Hermansen L (1970) Temperature regulation during exercise dehydration in man. Acta Physiol Scand 79:475\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1970.tb04748.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR452","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1971.tb04871.x","volume":"81","author":"B Ekblom","year":"1971","unstructured":"Ekblom B, Greenleaf CJ, Greenleaf JE, Hermansen L (1971) Temperature regulation during continuous and intermittent exercise in man. Acta Physiol Scand 81:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1971.tb04871.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR453","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(76)90121-8","volume":"70","author":"FP Ellis","year":"1976","unstructured":"Ellis FP (1976) Heat illness. II. Pathogenesis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 70:412\u2013418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0035-9203(76)90121-8","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"5276_CR454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.3.1056","volume":"85","author":"KJ Ellis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ellis KJ, Wong WW (1998) Human hydrometry: comparison of multifrequency bioelectrical impedance with 2H2O and bromine dilution. J Appl Physiol 85:1056\u20131062. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.3.1056","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR455","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/s1095-6433(00)00207-5","volume":"126","author":"R Elsner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Elsner R (2000) The Irving-Scholander legacy in polar physiology. Comp Biochem Physiol Part A 126:137\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1095-6433(00)00207-5","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol Part A"},{"key":"5276_CR6009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181adb9fb","volume":"42","author":"MR Ely","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ely MR, Cheuvront SN, Kenefick RW, Sawka MN (2010) Aerobic performance is degraded, despite modest hyperthermia, in hot environments. Med Sci Sports Exerc 42:135\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181adb9fb","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR456","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e318149f2c3","volume":"39","author":"MR Ely","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ely MR, Cheuvront SN, Montain SJ (2007a) Neither cloud cover nor low solar loads are associated with fast marathon performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39:2029\u20132035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/mss.0b013e318149f2c3","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR457","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e31802d3aba","volume":"39","author":"MR Ely","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ely MR, Cheuvront SN, Roberts WO, Montain SJ (2007b) Impact of weather on marathon\u2014running performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39:487\u2013493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/mss.0b013e31802d3aba","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR458","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000484","volume":"42","author":"BR Ely","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ely BR, Ely MR (2020) Running in the heat: performance consequences and strategies to prepare for hot-weather racing. Strength Cond J 42:90\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000484","journal-title":"Strength Cond J"},{"key":"5276_CR459","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00577.2009","volume":"107","author":"BR Ely","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ely BR, Ely MR, Cheuvront SN, Kenefick RW, DeGroot DW, Montain SJ (2009) Evidence against a 40\u00a0\u00b0C core temperature threshold for fatigue in humans. J Appl Physiol 107:1519\u20131525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00577.2009","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"5276_CR460","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1823","volume":"16","author":"AE Enander","year":"1990","unstructured":"Enander AE, Hygge S (1990) Thermal stress and human performance. Scand J Work Environ Health 16(Supplement 1):44\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5271\/sjweh.1823","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"5276_CR461","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3093","volume":"5","author":"A Enander","year":"1979","unstructured":"Enander A, Ljungberg AS, Holm\u00e9r I (1979) Effects of work in cold stores on man. Scand J Work Environ Health 5:195\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5271\/sjweh.3093","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"5276_CR462","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2633","volume":"6","author":"A Enander","year":"1980","unstructured":"Enander A, Sk\u00f6ldstr\u00f6m B, Holm\u00e9r I (1980) Reactions to hand cooling in workers occupationally exposed to cold. Scand J Work Environ Health 6:58\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5271\/sjweh.2633","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"5276_CR463","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199002000-00006","volume":"22","author":"Y Epstein","year":"1990","unstructured":"Epstein Y (1990) Heat intolerance: predisposing factor or residual injury? Med Sci Sports Exerc 22:29\u201335","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR464","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Epstein M (1996) Renal, endocrine, and hemodynamic effects of water immersion in humans. In: Comprehensive Physiology. Supplement 14: Handbook of Physiology, Environmental Physiology, pp 845\u2013853. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.cp040237","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.cp040237"},{"key":"5276_CR465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.44.388","volume":"44","author":"Y Epstein","year":"2006","unstructured":"Epstein Y, Moran DS (2006) Thermal comfort and the heat stress indices. Ind Health 44:388\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2486\/indhealth.44.388","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"key":"5276_CR466","unstructured":"Epstein Y, Moran DS and Shapiro Y (2001) Exertional heatstroke in the Israeli Defence Forces. In: Pandolf KB, Burr RE, Wenger CB and Pozos RS (eds) Medical aspects of harsh environments. Volume 1. In: Zajtchuk R and Bellamy RF (eds) Textbook of Military medicine. Department of the Army, Office of the Surgeon General, and Borden Institute. Washington, pp 281\u2013292"},{"key":"5276_CR467","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2011.01333.x","volume":"21","author":"Y Epstein","year":"2011","unstructured":"Epstein Y, Roberts WO (2011) The pathopysiology of heat stroke: an integrative view of the final common pathway. Scand J Med Sci Sports 21:742\u2013748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2011.01333.x","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"5276_CR468","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000112","volume":"14","author":"Y Epstein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Epstein Y, Roberts WO, Golan R, Heled Y, Sorkine P, Halpern P (2015) Sepsis, septic shock, and fatal exertional heat stroke. Curr Sports Med Rep 14:64\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000112","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"key":"5276_CR469","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1810762","volume":"380","author":"Y Epstein","year":"2019","unstructured":"Epstein Y, Yanovich R (2019) Heatstroke. N Engl J Med 380:2449\u20132459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1810762","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5276_CR470","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210000329","volume":"84","author":"DA Eyolfson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Eyolfson DA, Tikuisis P, Xu X, Weseen G, Giesbrecht GG (2001) Measurement and prediction of peak shivering intensity in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 84:100\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004210000329","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR471","first-page":"1","volume":"73","author":"P Fanger","year":"1967","unstructured":"Fanger P (1967) Calculation of thermal comfort: introduction of a basic comfort equation. ASHRAE Trans 73:1\u201320","journal-title":"ASHRAE Trans"},{"key":"5276_CR472","volume-title":"Thermal comfort","author":"PO Fanger","year":"1970","unstructured":"Fanger PO (1970) Thermal comfort. Danish Technical Press, Copenhagen"},{"key":"5276_CR473","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Thermal Comfort: analysis and applications in environmental engineering","author":"PO Fanger","year":"1972","unstructured":"Fanger PO (1972) Thermal Comfort: analysis and applications in environmental engineering. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 19\u201337"},{"key":"5276_CR474","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos11010090","volume":"11","author":"F Fantozzi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fantozzi F, Rocca M (2020) An extensive collection of evaluation indicators to assess occupants\u2019 health and comfort in indoor environment. Atmosphere 11:90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/atmos11010090","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"5276_CR475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1934.72750390008009","volume":"103","author":"B Fantus","year":"1934","unstructured":"Fantus B (1934) Therapy of disturbances due to heat. J Am Med Assoc 103:990\u2013991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1934.72750390008009","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"5276_CR476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/s1010-7940(01)00713-8","volume":"20","author":"M Farstad","year":"2001","unstructured":"Farstad M, Andersen KS, Koller ME, Grong K, Segadal L, Husby P (2001) Rewarming from accidental hypothermia by extracorporeal circulation. A retrospective study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 20:58\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1010-7940(01)00713-8","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"5276_CR477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31826fba7f","volume":"45","author":"SH Faulkner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Faulkner SH, Ferguson RA, Gerrett N, Hupperets M, Hodder SG, Havenith G (2013) Reducing muscle temperature drop after warm-up improves sprint cycling performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 45:359\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31826fba7f","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR478","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/2.3.297","volume":"2","author":"J Fayrer","year":"1879","unstructured":"Fayrer J (1879) Sunstroke and some of its sequelae. Brain 2:297\u2013316","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"5276_CR479","first-page":"192","volume":"17","author":"J Fayrer","year":"1882","unstructured":"Fayrer J (1882) On insolation or sunstroke. Ind Med Gaz 17:192\u2013196","journal-title":"Ind Med Gaz"},{"key":"5276_CR480","first-page":"311","volume":"19","author":"J Fayrer","year":"1884","unstructured":"Fayrer J (1884) On sunstroke and thermic fever. Ind Med Gaz 19:311\u2013315","journal-title":"Ind Med Gaz"},{"key":"5276_CR481","first-page":"327","volume-title":"Advances in comparative and environmental physiology","author":"DD Feist","year":"1989","unstructured":"Feist DD, White RG (1989) Terrestrial mammals in cold. In: Wang LCH (ed) Advances in comparative and environmental physiology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 327\u2013360"},{"key":"5276_CR482","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbm.1970.0006","volume":"16","author":"WS Feldberg","year":"1970","unstructured":"Feldberg WS (1970) Henry Hallett Dale, 1875\u20131968. Biogr Mem Fellows R Soc 16:77\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbm.1970.0006","journal-title":"Biogr Mem Fellows R Soc"},{"key":"5276_CR483","first-page":"251","volume":"13","author":"D Felder","year":"1954","unstructured":"Felder D, Russ E, Montgomery H, Horowitz O (1954) Relationship in the toe of skin surface temperature to mean blood flow measured with a plethysmograph. Clin Sci 13:251\u2013256","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR484","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1924.sp002141","volume":"58","author":"WO Fenn","year":"1924","unstructured":"Fenn WO (1924) The relation between the work performed and the energy liberated in muscular contraction. J Physiol 58:373\u2013395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1924.sp002141","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-965113","volume":"29","author":"RJ Fernandes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fernandes RJ, Keskinen KL, Cola\u00e7o P, Querido AJ, Machado LJ, Morais PA, Novais DQ, Marinho DA, Vilas Boas JP (2008) Time limit at VO2max velocity in elite crawl swimmers. Int J Sports Med 29:145\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2007-965113","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-022-04901-x","volume":"122","author":"G Ferretti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ferretti G, Fagoni N, Taboni A, Vinetti G, di Prampero PE (2022) A century of exercise physiology: key concepts on coupling respiratory oxygen flow to muscle energy demand during exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 122:1317\u20131365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-022-04901-x","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR487","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI100949","volume":"17","author":"EB Ferris","year":"1938","unstructured":"Ferris EB, Blankenhorn MA, Robinson HW, Cullen GE (1938) Heat stroke: clinical and chemical observations on 44 cases. J Clin Investig 17:249\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI100949","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"5276_CR488","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1947.150.2.304","volume":"150","author":"BG Ferris","year":"1947","unstructured":"Ferris BG, Forster RE, Pillion EL, Christensen WR (1947) Control of peripheral blood flow: responses in the human hand when extremities are warmed. Am J Physiol 150:304\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1947.150.2.304","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR489","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI104738","volume":"42","author":"JB Field","year":"1963","unstructured":"Field JB, Williams HE, Mortimore GE (1963) Studies on the mechanisms of ethanol-induced hypoglycemia. J Clin Investig 42:497\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI104738","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"5276_CR490","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina561,10589","volume":"56","author":"EM Filep","year":"2020","unstructured":"Filep EM, Murata Y, Endres BD, Kim G, Stearns RL, Casa DJ (2020) Exertional heat stroke, modality cooling rate, and survival outcomes: a systematic review. Medicina 56:589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina561,10589","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"5276_CR491","first-page":"361","volume":"53","author":"CM Finny","year":"1918","unstructured":"Finny CM (1918) Sunstroke or heatstroke. Ind Med Gaz 53:361\u2013369","journal-title":"Ind Med Gaz"},{"key":"5276_CR492","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a2654","volume":"337","author":"PG Firth","year":"2008","unstructured":"Firth PG, Zheng H, Windsor JS, Sutherland AI, Imray CH, Moore GWK, Semple JL, Roach RC, Salisbury RA (2008) Mortality on Mount Everest, 1921\u20132006: descriptive study. Br Med J 337:a2654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.a2654","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"5276_CR493","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1972.52.2.468","volume":"52","author":"JT Fitzsimons","year":"1972","unstructured":"Fitzsimons JT (1972) Thirst. Physiol Rev 52:468\u2013561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1972.52.2.468","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR494","first-page":"91","volume":"12","author":"A Flint","year":"1877","unstructured":"Flint A (1877) The source of muscular power, as deduced from observations upon the human subject under conditions of rest and of exercise. J Anat Physiol 12:91\u2013141","journal-title":"J Anat Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR495","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-005-9061-9","volume":"34","author":"AD Flouris","year":"2006","unstructured":"Flouris AD, Cheung SS (2006) Design and control optimization of microclimate liquid cooling systems underneath protective clothing. Ann Biomed Eng 34:359\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-005-9061-9","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"5276_CR496","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91426.2008","volume":"106","author":"AD Flouris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Flouris AD, Cheung SS (2009) Influence of thermal balance on cold-induced vasodilation. J Appl Physiol 106:1264\u20131271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.91426.2008","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR497","volume-title":"Textbook of environmental physiology","author":"GE Folk","year":"1974","unstructured":"Folk GE (1974) Textbook of environmental physiology. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia"},{"key":"5276_CR498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1967.23.3.331","volume":"23","author":"JS Fordtran","year":"1967","unstructured":"Fordtran JS, Saltin B (1967) Gastric emptying and intestinal absorption during prolonged severe exercise. J Appl Physiol 23:331\u2013335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1967.23.3.331","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR499","unstructured":"Forge WW (2012) Wilderness medicine: beyond first aid. Sixth Edition. Globe Pequot. 978\u20130\u20137627\u20139118\u20137"},{"key":"5276_CR500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1946.146.4.600","volume":"146","author":"RE Forster","year":"1946","unstructured":"Forster RE, Ferris BG, Day R (1946) The relationship between total heat exchange and blood flow in the hand at various ambient temperatures. Am J Physiol 146:600\u2013609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1946.146.4.600","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.04.007","volume":"24","author":"L Fortington","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fortington L, Gamage P, Cartwright A, Bugeja L (2021) Exertional heat fatalities in Australian sport and recreation. J Sci Med Sport 24:787\u2013792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.04.007","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"5276_CR502","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1981.51.6.1594","volume":"51","author":"SM Fortney","year":"1981","unstructured":"Fortney SM, Nadel ER, Wenger CB, Bove JR (1981) Effect of blood volume on sweating rate and body fluids in exercising humans. J Appl Physiol 51:1594\u20131600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1981.51.6.1594","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1984.57.6.1688","volume":"57","author":"SM Fortney","year":"1984","unstructured":"Fortney SM, Wenger CB, Bove JR, Nadel ER (1984) Effect of hyperosmolality on control of blood flow and sweating. J Appl Physiol 57:1688\u20131695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1984.57.6.1688","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072269","volume":"8","author":"F Foster","year":"2013","unstructured":"Foster F, Collard M (2013) A reassessment of Bergmann\u2019s rule in modern humans. PLoS ONE 8:e72260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0072269","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5276_CR505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12151229","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-021-02105-0","volume":"65","author":"J Foster","year":"2021","unstructured":"Foster J, Smallcombe JW, Hodder S, Jay O, Flouris AD, Nybo L, Havenith G (2021) An advanced empirical model for quantifying the impact of heat and climate change on human physical work capacity. Int J Biometeorol 65:12151229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-021-02105-0","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"5276_CR506","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1970.sp009247","volume":"210","author":"KG Foster","year":"1970","unstructured":"Foster KG, Weiner JS (1970) Effects of cholinergic and adrenergic blocking agents on the activity of the eccrine sweat glands. J Physiol 210:883\u2013895. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1970.sp009247","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR507","unstructured":"Fourier J-B-J (1807) Th\u00e9orie de la Propagation de la Chaleur dans les Solides. Monograph submitted to the Institute de France, December 1807"},{"key":"5276_CR508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2013.04.005","volume":"38","author":"D Fournet","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fournet D, Rossa L, Voelcker T, Redortier B, Havenith G (2013) Body mapping of thermoregulatory and perceptual responses of males and females running in the cold. J Therm Biol 38:339\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2013.04.005","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR509","volume-title":"Statistical thermodynamics: a version of statistical mechanics for students of physics and chemistry","author":"RH Fowler","year":"1939","unstructured":"Fowler RH, Guggenheim EA (1939) Statistical thermodynamics: a version of statistical mechanics for students of physics and chemistry. Cambridge University Press, London"},{"key":"5276_CR510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1967.23.2.267","volume":"23","author":"RH Fox","year":"1967","unstructured":"Fox RH, Crockford GW, Hampton IF, MacGibbon R (1967) A thermoregulatory function test using controlled hyperthermia. J Appl Physiol 23:267\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1967.23.2.267","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1962.sp006933","volume":"162","author":"RH Fox","year":"1962","unstructured":"Fox RH, Wyatt HT (1962) Cold-induced vasodilatation in various areas of the body surface of man. J Physiol 162:289\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1962.sp006933","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR512","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1136\/jrnms-70-134","volume":"70","author":"TJR Francis","year":"1984","unstructured":"Francis TJR (1984) Non freezing cold injury: a historical review. J R Nav Med Serv 70:134\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jrnms-70-134","journal-title":"J R Nav Med Serv"},{"key":"5276_CR513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/jrnms-71-3","volume":"71","author":"TJ Francis","year":"1985","unstructured":"Francis TJ, Golden F, St C (1985) Non-freezing cold injury: the pathogenesis. J R Nav Med Serv 71:3\u20138","journal-title":"J R Nav Med Serv"},{"key":"5276_CR514","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63912-7.00012-6","volume":"156","author":"MA Francisco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Francisco MA, Minson CT (2018) Cutaneous active vasodilation as a heat loss thermoeffector. Handb Clin Neurol 156:193\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-444-63912-7.00012-6","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"5276_CR515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12900","volume":"43","author":"RC Franklin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Franklin RC, Peden AE, Brander RW, Leggat PA (2019) Who rescues who? Understanding aquatic rescues in Australia using coronial data and a survey. Aust N Z J Public Health 43:477\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1753-6405.12900","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"5276_CR516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1935.113.2.384","volume":"113","author":"NE Freeman","year":"1935","unstructured":"Freeman NE (1935) The effect of temperature on the rate of blood flow in the normal and in the sympathectomized hand. Am J Physiol 113:384\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1935.113.2.384","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/15.6.597","volume":"15","author":"H Freeman","year":"1938","unstructured":"Freeman H, Nickerson RF (1938) Skin and body temperatures of normal individuals under cold conditions. J Nutr 15:597\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/15.6.597","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"5276_CR518","first-page":"1","volume":"25","author":"MJ Fregly","year":"1982","unstructured":"Fregly MJ, Fregly MS (1982) Edward F. Adolph. Physiologist 25:1","journal-title":"Physiologist"},{"key":"5276_CR519","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1990.68.2.540","volume":"68","author":"J Frim","year":"1990","unstructured":"Frim J, Livingstone SD, Reed LD, Nolan RW, Limmer RE (1990) Body composition and skin temperature variation. J Appl Physiol 68:540\u2013543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1990.68.2.540","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR520","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738116630542","volume":"8","author":"J Fudge","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fudge J (2016) Exercise in the cold: preventing and managing hypothermia and frostbite injury. Sports Health 8:133\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1941738116630542","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"5276_CR521","unstructured":"Fulcher J (2022) Boiling point: OHSA must act immediately to protect workers from deadly temperatures. Public Citizen, Washington. https:\/\/www.citizen.org\/article\/boiling-point\/ (Accessed: June 2nd, 2022)"},{"key":"5276_CR522","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2015.1017090","volume":"2","author":"A Fuller","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fuller A, Blatteis CM (2015) In memory of Helen Laburn and Claus Jessen. Temperature 2:59\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23328940.2015.1017090","journal-title":"Temperature"},{"issue":"Supplment 1","key":"5276_CR523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.238113","volume":"224","author":"A Fuller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fuller A, Mitchell D, Maloney SK, Hetem RS, Fons\u00eaca VF, Meyer LC, van de Ven TM, Snelling EP (2021) How dryland mammals will respond to climate change: the effects of body size, heat load and a lack of food and water. J Exp Biol 224(Supplment 1):jeb238113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.238113","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR524","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1113\/EP088072","volume":"104","author":"N Fujii","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fujii N, Amano T, Kenny GP, Honda Y, Kondo N, Nishiyasu T (2019) Nicotinic receptors modulate skin perfusion during normothermia, and have a limited role in skin vasodilatation and sweating during hyperthermia. Exp Physiol 104:1808\u20131818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/EP088072","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R535","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00203.2018","volume":"316","author":"T Fujimoto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fujimoto T, Tsuji B, Sasaki Y, Dobashi K, Sengoku Y, Fujii N, Nishiyasu T (2019) Low-intensity exercise delays the shivering response to core cooling. Am J Physiol 316:R535\u2013R542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00203.2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI101802","volume":"26","author":"FA Fuhrman","year":"1947","unstructured":"Fuhrman FA, Crismon JM (1947) Studies on gangrene following cold injury; edema following cold injury; its magnitude and the composition and sources of edema fluid. J Clin Investig 26:245\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI101802","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"5276_CR527","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Textbooks of military medicine. Medical aspects of harsh environments","author":"SL Gaffin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gaffin SL, Hubbard RW (2001) Pathophysiology of heatstroke. In: Pandolf KB, Burr RE (eds) Textbooks of military medicine. Medical aspects of harsh environments, vol 1. Borden Institute, Washington, pp 161\u2013208"},{"key":"5276_CR528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2017.06.028","volume":"118","author":"S Galbiati","year":"2017","unstructured":"Galbiati S, Pastore V, Locatelli F, Recla M, Galbiati S, Mansi G, Arrigoni F, Scandroglio AM, Beretta L, Strazzer S (2017) Neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes in a nearly drowned child with cardiac arrest and hypothermia resuscitated after 43 min of no flow-time: a case study. Resuscitation 118:e3\u2013e4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2017.06.028","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"5276_CR529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1937.120.2.277","volume":"120","author":"AP Gagge","year":"1937","unstructured":"Gagge AP (1937) A new physiological variable associated with sensible and insensible perspiration. Am J Physiol 120:277\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1937.120.2.277","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR530","first-page":"1","volume":"73","author":"AP Gagge","year":"1967","unstructured":"Gagge AP (1967) The effective radiant field and operative temperature necessary for comfort with radiant heating. ASHRAE Trans 73:1\u20132","journal-title":"ASHRAE Trans"},{"key":"5276_CR531","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gagge AP and Gonzalez RR (1996) Mechanisms of heat exchange: biophysics and physiology. Comprehensive Physiology. Supplement 14: Handbook of Physiology, Environmental Physiology, pp 45\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.cp040104","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.cp040104"},{"key":"5276_CR532","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.09.030147.002205","volume":"9","author":"AP Gagge","year":"1947","unstructured":"Gagge AP, Herrington LP (1947) Physiological effects of heat and cold. Annu Rev Physiol 9:409\u2013428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.ph.09.030147.002205","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR533","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gagge AP and Nishi Y (1977) Heat exchange between human skin surface and thermal environment. Comprehensive Physiology. Supplement 26: Handbook of Physiology, Reactions to Environmental Agents, pp 69\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.cp090105","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.cp090105"},{"key":"5276_CR534","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1938.124.1.30","volume":"124","author":"AP Gagge","year":"1938","unstructured":"Gagge AP, Winslow CE, Herrington LP (1938) The influence of clothing on the physiological reactions of the human body to varying environmental temperatures. Am J Physiol 124:30\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1938.124.1.30","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5963","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.240739","volume":"590","author":"D Gagnon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gagnon D, Kenny GP (2012) Does sex have an independent effect on thermoeffector responses during exercise in the heat? J Physiol 590:5963\u20135973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.240739","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR536","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-45.5.439","volume":"45","author":"D Gagnon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gagnon D, Lemire BB, Casa DJ, Kenny GP (2010) Cold-water immersion and the treatment of hyperthermia: using 38.6\u00a0\u00b0C as a safe rectal temperature cooling limit. J Athl Train 45:439\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-45.5.439","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"5276_CR537","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0610463","volume":"61","author":"EA Gale","year":"1981","unstructured":"Gale EA, Bennett T, Green JH, MacDonald IA (1981) Hypoglycaemia, hypothermia and shivering in man. Clin Sci 61:463\u2013469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/cs0610463","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR538","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0650263","volume":"65","author":"EA Gale","year":"1983","unstructured":"Gale EA, Bennett T, Macdonald IA, Holst JJ, Matthews JA (1983) The physiological effects of insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in man: responses at differing levels of blood glucose. Clin Sci 65:263\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/cs0650263","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR539","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199709000-00018","volume":"29","author":"SD Galloway","year":"1997","unstructured":"Galloway SD, Maughan RJ (1997) Effects of ambient temperature on the capacity to perform prolonged cycle exercise in man. Med Sci Sports Exerc 29:1240\u20131249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005768-199709000-00018","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR540","first-page":"506","volume":"38","author":"WF Ganong","year":"1955","unstructured":"Ganong WF, Bernhard WF, McMurrey JD (1955) The effect of hypothermia on the output of 17-hydroxycorticoids from the adrenal vein in the dog. Surgery 38:506\u2013512","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"5276_CR541","unstructured":"Gardner JW and Kark JA (2001) Clinical diagnosis, management, and surveillance of exertional heat illness. In: Pandolf KB, Burr RE, Wenger CB and Pozos RS (eds) Medical aspects of harsh environments. Volume 1. In: Zajtchuk R, and Bellamy RF (eds) Textbook of military medicine. Department of the Army, Office of the Surgeon General, and Borden Institute, Washington, pp 231\u2013279"},{"key":"5276_CR542","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gasc T, Henrionnet A, Cazes N, Haus MA, Thefenne L, Aigle L, Jouvion AX and Lavenir B (2022). Exertional heatstroke support at the acute phase: assessment of professional practices in the French military forces. Military Medicine. In press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/milmed\/usac252","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usac252"},{"key":"5276_CR543","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-191710000-00010","volume":"154","author":"H Gauss","year":"1917","unstructured":"Gauss H, Meyer KA (1917) Heat stroke: report of 158 cases from Cook County Hospital, Chicago. Am J Med Sci 154:554\u2013563","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR544","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-8141(97)00002-4","volume":"21","author":"DC Gavhed","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gavhed DC, Holm\u00e9r I (1998) Thermal responses at three low ambient temperatures: validation of the duration limited exposure index. Int J Ind Ergon 21:465\u2013474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0169-8141(97)00002-4","journal-title":"Int J Ind Ergon"},{"key":"5276_CR545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1958.12.3.373","volume":"12","author":"HF Gaydos","year":"1958","unstructured":"Gaydos HF (1958) Effect on complex manual performance of cooling the body while maintaining the hands at normal temperatures. J Appl Physiol 12:373\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1958.12.3.373","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR546","first-page":"144","volume":"62","author":"JHS Gear","year":"1982","unstructured":"Gear JHS (1982) In memoriam: Eustace Henry Cluver. S Afr Med J 62:144","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"5276_CR547","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R968","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1984.247.6.R968","volume":"247","author":"G Geelen","year":"1984","unstructured":"Geelen G, Keil LC, Kravik SE, Wade CE, Thrasher TN, Barnes PR, Pyka G, Nesvig C, Greenleaf JE (1984) Inhibition of plasma vasopressin after drinking in dehydrated humans. Am J Physiol 247:R968\u2013R971. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.1984.247.6.R968","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR548","first-page":"865","volume":"5","author":"AW Gerrard","year":"1875","unstructured":"Gerrard AW (1875) The alkaloid and active principle of jaborandi. Pharm J Trans 5:865","journal-title":"Pharm J Trans"},{"key":"5276_CR549","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-22357-1_4","volume-title":"Triathlon medicine","author":"D Gerrard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gerrard D (2020) Heat-related illness. In: Migliorini S (ed) Triathlon medicine. Springer, Cham, pp 45\u201355"},{"key":"5276_CR550","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2015.1066922","volume":"2","author":"R Gerstberger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gerstberger R (2015) Eckhart Simon, a German physiologist\u2019s connections with physiology in Japan. Temperature 2:316\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23328940.2015.1066922","journal-title":"Temperature"},{"key":"5276_CR551","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.1987.323","volume":"7","author":"HI Ghaznawi","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ghaznawi HI, Ibrahim MA (1987) Heat stroke and heat exhaustion in pilgrims performing the Haj (annual pilgrimage) in Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 7:323\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5144\/0256-4947.1987.323","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"5276_CR552","volume-title":"Hom\u00e9othermie et Thermor\u00e9gulation I - L\u2019homothermie","author":"J Giaja","year":"1938","unstructured":"Giaja J (1938) Hom\u00e9othermie et Thermor\u00e9gulation I - L\u2019homothermie. Hermann & Cie, Paris"},{"key":"5276_CR553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2019.1666624","volume":"7","author":"OR Gibson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gibson OR, James CA, Mee JA, Willmott AG, Turner G, Hayes M, Maxwell NS (2020) Heat alleviation strategies for athletic performance: a review and practitioner guidelines. Temperature 7:3\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23328940.2019.1666624","journal-title":"Temperature"},{"key":"5276_CR554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5278.592","volume":"1","author":"P Gibson","year":"1962","unstructured":"Gibson P, Simpson JA (1962) Clinical use of hypothermia combined with cardio-pulmonary bypass. BMJ 1:592\u2013595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.1.5278.592","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.73.4.1253","volume":"73","author":"GG Giesbrecht","year":"1992","unstructured":"Giesbrecht GG, Bristow GK (1992) A second postcooling afterdrop: more evidence for a convective mechanism. J Appl Physiol 73:1253\u20131258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1992.73.4.1253","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR556","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)01021-7","volume":"355","author":"M Gilbert","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gilbert M, Busund R, Skagseth A, Nilsen P\u00c5, Solb\u00f8 JP (2000) Resuscitation from accidental hypothermia of 13.7\u00a0\u00b0C with circulatory arrest. Lancet 355:375\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)01021-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5276_CR557","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.10.020","volume":"171","author":"RM Gifford","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gifford RM, Todisco T, Stacey M, Fujisawa T, Allerhand M, Woods DR, Reynolds RM (2019) Risk of heat illness in men and women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Res 171:24\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2018.10.020","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"5276_CR558","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10816-009-9076-x","volume":"17","author":"I Gilligan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gilligan I (2010) The prehistoric development of clothing: archaeological implications of a thermal model. J Archaeol Method Theory 17:15\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10816-009-9076-x","journal-title":"J Archaeol Method Theory"},{"key":"5276_CR559","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108555883","volume-title":"Climate, clothing, and agriculture in prehistory: linking evidence, causes, and effects","author":"I Gilligan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gilligan I (2018) Climate, clothing, and agriculture in prehistory: linking evidence, causes, and effects. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108555883"},{"key":"5276_CR560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198315010-00006","volume":"15","author":"CV Gisolfi","year":"1983","unstructured":"Gisolfi CV (1983) Temperature regulation during exercise: directions -1983. Med Sci Sports Exerc 15:15\u201320","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR561","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200106000-00009","volume":"33","author":"CV Gisolfi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gisolfi CV, Lambert GP, Summers RW (2001) Intestinal fluid absorption during exercise: role of sport drink osmolality and [Na+]. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33:907\u2013915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005768-200106000-00009","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR562","volume-title":"Exercise, heat, and thermoregulation","author":"CV Gisolfi","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gisolfi CV, Lamb DR, Nadel ER (1993) Exercise, heat, and thermoregulation. Brown & Benchmark, Dubuque"},{"key":"5276_CR563","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1249\/00003677-198401000-00013","volume":"12","author":"CV Gisolfi","year":"1984","unstructured":"Gisolfi CV, Wenger CB (1984) Temperature regulation during exercise: old concepts, new ideas. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 12:339\u2013372","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR564","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1977.tb38193.x","volume":"301","author":"CV Gisolfi","year":"1977","unstructured":"Gisolfi CV, Wilson NC, Claxton B (1977) Work-heat tolerance of distance runners. Ann NY Acad Sci 301:139\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1977.tb38193.x","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1972.32.6.812","volume":"32","author":"B Givoni","year":"1972","unstructured":"Givoni B, Goldman RF (1972) Predicting rectal temperature response to work, environment, and clothing. J Appl Physiol 32:812\u2013822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1972.32.6.812","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR566","first-page":"14P","volume":"115","author":"EM Glaser","year":"1951","unstructured":"Glaser EM, Hervey GR (1951) Swimming in very cold water. J Physiol 115:14P","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR567","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5241","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120505241","volume":"12","author":"K Glass","year":"2015","unstructured":"Glass K, Tait PW, Hanna EG, Dear K (2015) Estimating risks of heat strain by age and sex: A population-level simulation model. Int J Environ Res Public Health 12:5241\u20135255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph120505241","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"5276_CR568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1941.134.2.165","volume":"134","author":"N Glickman","year":"1941","unstructured":"Glickman N, Hick FK, Keeton RW, Montgomery MM (1941) Blood volume change in men exposed to hot environmental conditions for a few hours. Am J Physiol 134:165\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1941.134.2.165","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR569","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1967.22.1.1","volume":"22","author":"N Glickman","year":"1967","unstructured":"Glickman N, Mitchell HH, Keeton RW, Lambert EH (1967) Shivering and heat production in men exposed to intense cold. J Appl Physiol 22:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1967.22.1.1","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR570","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1938.3","volume":"16","author":"F Goldby","year":"1938","unstructured":"Goldby F, Hicks CS, O\u2019Connor WR (1938) A comparison of the skin temperature and skin circulation of naked whites and Australian Aboriginals exposed to similar environmental changes. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci 16:29\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/icb.1938.3","journal-title":"Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR571","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1136\/jrnms-58-196","volume":"58","author":"F Golden","year":"1972","unstructured":"Golden F, St C (1972) Accidental hypothermia. J R Nav Med Serv 58:196\u2013206","journal-title":"J R Nav Med Serv"},{"key":"5276_CR572","first-page":"1058","volume":"66","author":"F Golden","year":"1973","unstructured":"Golden F, St C (1973) Recognition and treatment of immersion hypothermia. Proc R Soc Med 66:1058\u20131061","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"5276_CR573","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1136\/jrnms-60-8","volume":"60","author":"F Golden","year":"1974","unstructured":"Golden F (1974a) Shipwreck and survival. J R Nav Med Serv 60:8\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jrnms-60-8","journal-title":"J R Nav Med Serv"},{"key":"5276_CR574","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1136\/jrnms-60-15","volume":"60","author":"F Golden","year":"1974","unstructured":"Golden F (1974b) Notes on survival at sea. J R Nav Med Serv 60:15\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jrnms-60-15","journal-title":"J R Nav Med Serv"},{"key":"5276_CR575","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/26.3.85","volume":"26","author":"F Golden","year":"1976","unstructured":"Golden F, St C (1976) Hypothermia: a problem for North Sean industries. J Soc Occup Med 26:85\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/occmed\/26.3.85","journal-title":"J Soc Occup Med"},{"key":"5276_CR576","unstructured":"Golden FSC (1979) Physiological changes in immersion hypothermia, with special reference to factors which may be responsible for death in the early re-warming phase. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Leeds, England"},{"key":"5276_CR577","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-7648-2-23","volume":"2","author":"F Golden","year":"2013","unstructured":"Golden F, St C, Francis TJR, Gallimore D, Pethybridge R (2013) Lessons from history: morbidity of cold injury in the Royal Marines during the Falklands Conflict of 1982. Extreme Physiol Med 2:23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2046-7648-2-23","journal-title":"Extreme Physiol Med"},{"key":"5276_CR578","first-page":"48P","volume":"290","author":"F Golden","year":"1979","unstructured":"Golden F, St C, Hampton IF, Hervey GR, Knibbs AV (1979a) Shivering intensity in humans during immersion in cold water. J Physiol 290:48P","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR579","first-page":"49P","volume":"290","author":"F Golden","year":"1979","unstructured":"Golden F, St C, Hampton IF, Smith D (1979b) Cold tolerance in long-distance swimmers. J Physiol 290:49P","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR580","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1136\/jrnms-66-26","volume":"66","author":"F Golden","year":"1980","unstructured":"Golden F, St C, Hampton IF, Smith D (1980) Lean long distance swimmers. J R Nav Med Serv 66:26\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jrnms-66-26","journal-title":"J R Nav Med Serv"},{"key":"5276_CR581","first-page":"26P","volume":"272","author":"F Golden","year":"1977","unstructured":"Golden F, St C, Hervey GR (1977) The mechanism of the after-drop following immersion hypothermia in pigs. J Physiol 272:26P-27P","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR582","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Hypothermia Ashore and Afloat","author":"F Golden","year":"1981","unstructured":"Golden F, St C, Hervey GR (1981) The \u2018after-drop\u2019 and death after rescue from immersion in cold water. In: Adam JM (ed) Hypothermia Ashore and Afloat. Aberdeen University Press, pp 37\u201356"},{"key":"5276_CR583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1136\/jrnms-77-139","volume":"77","author":"F Golden","year":"1991","unstructured":"Golden F, St C, Hervey GR, Tipton MJ (1991) Circum-rescue collapse: collapse, sometimes fatal, associated with rescue of immersion victims. J R Nav Med Serv 77:139\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jrnms-77-139","journal-title":"J R Nav Med Serv"},{"key":"5276_CR584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1987.sp016744","volume":"391","author":"F Golden","year":"1987","unstructured":"Golden F, St C, Tipton MJ (1987) Human thermal responses during leg-only exercise in cold water. J Physiol 391:399\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1987.sp016744","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1093\/BJA\/79.2.214","volume":"79","author":"F Golden","year":"1997","unstructured":"Golden F, St C, Tipton MJ, Scott RC (1997) Immersion, near-drowning and drowning. Br J Anaesth 79:214\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/BJA\/79.2.214","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"5276_CR586","volume-title":"Essentials of sea survival","author":"F Golden","year":"2002","unstructured":"Golden F, Tipton M (2002) Essentials of sea survival. Human Kinetics, Champaign"},{"key":"5276_CR587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/J.2164-0947.1974.TB01599.X","volume":"36","author":"RF Goldman","year":"1974","unstructured":"Goldman RF (1974) Clothing design for comfort and work performance in extreme thermal environments. Trans N Y Acad Sci 36:531\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.2164-0947.1974.TB01599.X","journal-title":"Trans N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR588","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7506-9457-5.50016-7","volume-title":"Protecting personnel at hazardous waste sites","author":"RF Goldman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Goldman RF (1994) Heat stress in industrial protective encapsulating garments. In: Martin WF, Levine SP (eds) Protecting personnel at hazardous waste sites. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, pp 258\u2013315"},{"key":"5276_CR589","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-075067049-4\/50012-6","volume-title":"Protecting personnel at hazardous waste sites","author":"RF Goldman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Goldman RF (2000) Heat stress in industrial protective encapsulating garments. In: Martin WF, Gochfeld M (eds) Protecting personnel at hazardous waste sites, 3rd edn. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, pp 295\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-075067049-4\/50012-6","edition":"3"},{"key":"5276_CR590","unstructured":"Goldman RF (2001) Introduction to heat-related problems in military operations. In: Pandolf KB, Burr RE, Wenger CB and Pozos RS (eds) Medical aspects of harsh environments. Volume 1. In: Zajtchuk R and Bellamy RF (eds) Textbook of military medicine. Department of the Army, Office of the Surgeon General, and Borden Institute, Washington, pp 3\u201349"},{"key":"5276_CR591","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1962.17.4.675","volume":"17","author":"RF Goldman","year":"1962","unstructured":"Goldman RF, Iampietro PF (1962) Energy cost of load carriage. J Appl Physiol 17:675\u2013676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1962.17.4.675","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR592","unstructured":"Goldman RF and Kampmann B (2007) Handbook on clothing\u2014biomedical effects of military clothing and equipment systems. Second Edition. NATO Research Study Group 7 on Bio-Medical Research Aspects of Military Protective Clothing"},{"key":"5276_CR593","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1959.tb49210.x","volume":"80","author":"F Gollan","year":"1959","unstructured":"Gollan F (1959) Physiology of deep hypothermia by total body perfusion. Ann NY Acad Sci 80:201\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1959.tb49210.x","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR594","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01659292","volume":"11","author":"F Goltz","year":"1875","unstructured":"Goltz F, Freusberg A, Gergens E (1875) Ueber gef\u00e4sserweiternde Nerven. Pfl\u00fcgers Arch 11:52\u201399","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch"},{"key":"5276_CR595","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X20130239","volume":"72","author":"MM Gomes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gomes MM, Engelhardt E (2014) Claude Bernard: bicentenary of birth and his main contributions to neurology. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 72:322\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0004-282X20130239","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"5276_CR596","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2011.058701","volume":"97","author":"J Gonz\u00e1lez-Alonso","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Alonso J (2012) Human thermoregulation and the cardiovascular system. Exp Physiol 97:340\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/expphysiol.2011.058701","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR597","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000049746.29175.3f","volume":"107","author":"J Gonz\u00e1lez-Alonso","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Alonso J, Calbet JAL (2003) Reductions in systemic and skeletal muscle blood flow and oxygen delivery limit maximal aerobic capacity in humans. Circulation 107:824\u2013830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.0000049746.29175.3f","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"5276_CR598","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.895ba.x","volume":"513","author":"J Gonz\u00e1lez-Alonso","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Alonso J, Calbet JAL, Nielsen B (1998) Muscle blood flow is reduced with dehydration during prolonged exercise in humans. J Physiol 513:895\u2013905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.895ba.x","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.00577.x","volume":"520","author":"J Gonz\u00e1lez-Alonso","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Alonso J, Calbet JAL, Nielsen B (1999) Metabolic and thermodynamic responses to dehydration-induced reductions in muscle blood flow in exercising humans. J Physiol 520:577\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.00577.x","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.060574","volume":"557","author":"J Gonz\u00e1lez-Alonso","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Alonso J, Dalsgaard MK, Osada T, Volianitis S, Dawson EA, Yoshiga CC, Secher NH (2004) Brain and central haemodynamics and oxygenation during maximal exercise in humans. J Physiol 557:331\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.060574","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR601","first-page":"481","volume-title":"Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise","author":"J Gonz\u00e1lez-Alonso","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Alonso J, Eiken O, Mekjavic IB (2008) A critical core temperature and the significance of absolute work rate. In: Taylor NAS, Groeller H (eds) Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Edinburgh, pp 481\u2013485"},{"key":"5276_CR602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.4.1229","volume":"82","author":"J Gonz\u00e1lez-Alonso","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Alonso J, Mora-Rodr\u00edguez R, Below PR, Coyle EF (1997) Dehydration markedly impairs cardiovascular function in hyperthermic endurance athletes during exercise. J Appl Physiol 82:1229\u20131236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.4.1229","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR603","first-page":"985","volume":"5","author":"CA Gordon","year":"1860","unstructured":"Gordon CA (1860) On the prevalence of heat apoplexy among soldiers during the hot-weather campaign in 1858. Edinb Med J 5:985\u2013993","journal-title":"Edinb Med J"},{"key":"5276_CR604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2016.1176102","volume":"3","author":"CJ Gordon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gordon CJ, Caldwell JN, Taylor NAS (2016) Non-thermal modulation of sudomotor function during static exercise and the impact of intensity and muscle-mass recruitment. Temperature 3:252\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23328940.2016.1176102","journal-title":"Temperature"},{"issue":"4","key":"5276_CR605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1924.00110280023003","volume":"33","author":"B Gordon","year":"1924","unstructured":"Gordon B, Levine SA, Wilmaers A (1924) Observations on a group of marathon runners: with special reference to the circulation. Arch Intern Med 33(4):425\u2013434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinte.1924.00110280023003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"5276_CR606","first-page":"44","volume-title":"Physiological of man in the desert","author":"RE Gosselin","year":"1947","unstructured":"Gosselin RE (1947) Rates of sweating in the desert. In: Adolph EF (ed) Physiological of man in the desert. Interscience Publishing Company, New York, pp 44\u201376"},{"key":"5276_CR607","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680609900720","volume":"99","author":"AM Goudie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Goudie AM, Tunstall-Pedoe DS, Kerins M, Terris J (2006) Exercise-associated hyponatraemia after a marathon: case series. J R Soc Med 99:363\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/014107680609900720","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"5276_CR608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-01051-z","volume":"49","author":"ED Goulet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goulet ED, Hoffman MD (2019) Impact of ad libitum versus programmed drinking on endurance performance: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Med 49:221\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-018-01051-z","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR609","volume-title":"Thermoregulation and temperature adaptation","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gourine VN (ed) (1995) Thermoregulation and temperature adaptation. Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences, Minsk"},{"key":"5276_CR610","volume-title":"Temperature control in health and disease","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gourine VN (ed) (1997) Temperature control in health and disease. Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences, Minsk"},{"key":"5276_CR611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-151-02-08","volume":"151","author":"C Grainge","year":"2005","unstructured":"Grainge C, Heber M (2005) The role of the physician in modern military operations: 12 months experience in Southern Iraq. BMJ Military Health 151:101\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jramc-151-02-08","journal-title":"BMJ Military Health"},{"issue":"Supplement 6","key":"5276_CR612","first-page":"43","volume":"50","author":"P-O Granberg","year":"1991","unstructured":"Granberg P-O (1991) Alcohol and cold. Arctic Med Res 50(Supplement 6):43\u201347","journal-title":"Arctic Med Res"},{"key":"5276_CR613","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1958.12.2.202","volume":"12","author":"F Grande","year":"1958","unstructured":"Grande F, Taylor HL, Anderson JT, Buskirk E, Keys A (1958) Water exchange in men on a restricted water intake and a low calorie carbohydrate diet accompanied by physical work. J Appl Physiol 12:202\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1958.12.2.202","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR614","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1959.14.2.194","volume":"14","author":"F Grande","year":"1959","unstructured":"Grande F, Monagle JE, Buskirk ER, Taylor HL (1959) Body temperature responses to exercise in man on restricted food and water intake. J Appl Physiol 14:194\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1959.14.2.194","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR615","first-page":"385","volume":"15","author":"RT Grant","year":"1931","unstructured":"Grant RT, Bland EF (1931) Observations on arteriovenous anastomoses in human skin and in the birds foot with special references to the reaction to cold. Heart 15:385\u2013411","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"5276_CR616","first-page":"273","volume":"3","author":"RT Grant","year":"1938","unstructured":"Grant RT, Holling HE (1938) Further observations on the vascular responses of the human limb to body warming; evidence for sympathetic vasodilator nerves in the normal subject. Clin Sci 3:273\u2013285","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR617","first-page":"119","volume":"3","author":"RT Grant","year":"1938","unstructured":"Grant RT, Pearson RSB (1938) The blood circulation in the human limb: observations on the differences between the proximal and distal parts and remarks on the regulation of body temperature. Clin Sci 3:119\u2013139","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR618","unstructured":"Greenfield ADM (1963) The circulation through the skin. In: Hamilton WF and Dow P (eds) Handbook of physiology. Circulation. Sect ion 2, Volume II. American Physiological Society, Washington, pp 1325\u20131351"},{"key":"5276_CR619","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199206000-00007","volume":"24","author":"JE Greenleaf","year":"1992","unstructured":"Greenleaf JE (1992) Problem: thirst, drinking behavior, and involuntary dehydration. Med Sci Sports Exerc 24:645\u2013656","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR620","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1971.30.6.847","volume":"30","author":"JE Greenleaf","year":"1971","unstructured":"Greenleaf JE, Castle BL (1971) Exercise temperature regulation in man during hypohydration and hyperhydration. J Appl Physiol 30:847\u2013853. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1971.30.6.847","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR621","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1977.43.6.1026","volume":"43","author":"JE Greenleaf","year":"1977","unstructured":"Greenleaf JE, Convertino VA, Stremel RW, Bernauer EM, Adams WC, Vignau SR, Brock PJ (1977) Plasma [Na+], [Ca2+], and volume shifts and thermoregulation during exercise in man. J Appl Physiol 43:1026\u20131032. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1977.43.6.1026","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R206","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1979.236.3.R206","volume":"236","author":"JE Greenleaf","year":"1979","unstructured":"Greenleaf JE, van Beaumont W, Brock PJ, Morse JT, Mangseth GR (1979) Plasma volume and electrolyte shifts with heavy exercise in sitting and supine positions. Am J Physiol 236:R206\u2013R214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.1979.236.3.R206","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR623","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1933.105.1.1","volume":"105","author":"MI Gregerson","year":"1933","unstructured":"Gregerson MI, Bullock LT (1933) Observations on thirst in man in relation to changes in salivary flow and plasma volume. Am J Physiol 105:39\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1933.105.1.1","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(99)00059-9","volume":"31","author":"B Griefahn","year":"2000","unstructured":"Griefahn B (2000) Limits of and possibilities to improve the IREQ cold stress model (ISO\/TR 11079). A validation study in the field. Appl Ergon 31:423\u2013431","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"key":"5276_CR625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1177\/107385849800400520","volume":"4","author":"CG Gross","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gross CG (1998) Claude Bernard and the constancy of the internal environment. Neuroscientist 4:380\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/107385849800400520","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"5276_CR626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2014.10.014","volume":"56","author":"A Grundstein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grundstein A, Williams C, Phan M, Cooper E (2015) Regional heat safety thresholds for athletics in the contiguous United States. Appl Geogr 56:55\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apgeog.2014.10.014","journal-title":"Appl Geogr"},{"key":"5276_CR627","unstructured":"Guderian H (1952) Panzer leader. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/GuderianHeinzPanzerLeader (Accessed: Aug 26th, 2022)"},{"key":"5276_CR628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1998.8929","volume":"199","author":"G Guidry","year":"1998","unstructured":"Guidry G, Landis SC (1998) Target-dependent development of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter in rodent sweat gland innervation. Dev Biol 199:175\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/dbio.1998.8929","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR629","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2005.10.001","volume":"123","author":"G Guidry","year":"2005","unstructured":"Guidry G, Willison BD, Blakely RD, Landis SC, Habecker BA (2005) Developmental expression of the high affinity choline transporter in cholinergic sympathetic neurons. Auton Neurosci 123:54\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autneu.2005.10.001","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"5276_CR630","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.17.3.162-a","volume":"17","author":"GB Grunfeld","year":"1991","unstructured":"Grunfeld GB (1991) Ethics of using Nazi research. J Med Ethics 17:162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jme.17.3.162-a","journal-title":"J Med Ethics"},{"key":"5276_CR631","volume-title":"Nathan Zuntz: his life and work in the fields of high altitude physiology and aviation medicine","author":"H-C Gunga","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gunga H-C (2009) Nathan Zuntz: his life and work in the fields of high altitude physiology and aviation medicine. Academic Press, Burlington"},{"key":"5276_CR632","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.71.2.230","volume":"71","author":"L Haas","year":"2001","unstructured":"Haas L (2001) Christjaan Eijkman (1858\u20131930). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 71:230","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"5276_CR633","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-2084-5","volume":"30","author":"E Hadad","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hadad E, Moran DS, Epstein Y (2004) Cooling heat stroke patients by available field measures. Intensive Care Med 30:338\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-003-2084-5","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"5276_CR634","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-198401040-00005","volume":"1","author":"FC Hagerman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hagerman FC (1984) Applied physiology of rowing. Sports Med 1:303\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-198401040-00005","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR635","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1973.sp010128","volume":"229","author":"JS Haight","year":"1973","unstructured":"Haight JS, Keatinge WR (1973) Failure of thermoregulation in the cold during hypoglycaemia induced by exercise and ethanol. J Physiol 229:87\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1973.sp010128","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR636","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-68-16384P","volume":"68","author":"H Haimovici","year":"1948","unstructured":"Haimovici H (1948) Evidence for an adrenergic component in the nervous mechanism of sweating in man. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 68:40\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3181\/00379727-68-16384P","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"5276_CR637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1950.2.9.512","volume":"2","author":"H Haimovici","year":"1950","unstructured":"Haimovici H (1950) Evidence for adrenergic sweating in man. J Appl Physiol 2:512\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1950.2.9.512","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR638","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400006811","volume":"5","author":"JS Haldane","year":"1905","unstructured":"Haldane JS (1905) The influence of high temperatures No. 1. Epidemiol Infect 5:494\u2013513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0022172400006811","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"5276_CR639","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.3509.609-a","volume":"1","author":"JS Haldane","year":"1928","unstructured":"Haldane JS (1928) Heat cramp. BMJ 1:609\u2013610","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR640","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Environmental physiology. MTP international review of science, physiology series one","author":"JRS Hales","year":"1974","unstructured":"Hales JRS (1974) Physiological responses to heat. In: Robertshaw D (ed) Environmental physiology. MTP international review of science, physiology series one, vol 7. Butterworths, London, pp 107\u2013162"},{"key":"5276_CR641","unstructured":"Hales JRS (1985) Skin arteriovenous anastomoses, their control and role in thermoregulation. In: Johansen K and Burggren WW (eds) Cardiovascular Shunts: phylogenetic, ontogenetic and clinical aspects. Proceedings of the Alfred Benzon Symposium 21, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp 433\u2013448"},{"key":"5276_CR642","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Physiological basis of occupational health: stressful environments","author":"JRS Hales","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hales JRS (1996) Heat-induced conflicts between and within autonomic activities. In: Shiraki K, Sagawa S, Yousef MK (eds) Physiological basis of occupational health: stressful environments. SBP Academic Publishing, Amsterdam, pp 3\u201312"},{"key":"5276_CR643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hales JRS, Hubbard RW and Gaffin SL (1996) Limitation of heat tolerance. Comprehensive Physiology. Supplement 14: Handbook of Physiology, Environmental Physiology, pp 285\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.cp040115","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.cp040115"},{"key":"5276_CR644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00581240","volume":"404","author":"JRS Hales","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hales JRS, Jessen C, Fawcett AA, King RB (1985) Skin AVA and capillary dilatation and constriction induced by local skin heating. Pflugers Arch 404:203\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00581240","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"5276_CR645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1987.tb01867.x","volume":"14","author":"JR Hales","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hales JR, Khogali M, Fawcett AA, Mustafa MK (1987) Circulatory changes associated with heat stroke: observations in an experimental animal model. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 14:761\u2013777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1987.tb01867.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR646","volume-title":"Heat stress: physical exertion and environment","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hales JRS, Richards DAB (eds) (1987) Heat stress: physical exertion and environment. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam"},{"key":"5276_CR647","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.1904.1653","volume":"1","author":"W Hale White","year":"1897","unstructured":"Hale White W (1897) The means by which the temperature of the body is maintained in health and disease. BMJ 1:1653\u20131657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.1.1904.1653","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR648","volume-title":"History of general physiology, 600 B.C to A.D. 1900, Vlume I: from Pre-Socratic Times to the Enlightenment","author":"TS Hall","year":"1975","unstructured":"Hall TS (1975) History of general physiology, 600 B.C to A.D. 1900, Vlume I: from Pre-Socratic Times to the Enlightenment. University of Chicago Press, Chicago"},{"key":"5276_CR649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102988","volume":"24","author":"EY Hallett","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hallett EY, Marean CW, Steele TE, \u00c1lvarez-Fern\u00e1ndez E, Jacobs Z, Cerasoni JN, Aldeias V, Scerri EML, Olszewski DI, El Hajraoui MA, Dibble HL (2021) A worked bone assemblage from 120,000\u201390,000 year old deposits at Contrebandiers Cave, Atlantic Coast, Morocco. iScience 24:102988. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102988","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"5276_CR650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-013-2761-1","volume":"114","author":"JR Halliwill","year":"2014","unstructured":"Halliwill JR, Sieck DC, Romero SA, Buck TM, Ely MR (2014) Blood pressure regulation X: what happens when the muscle pump is lost? Post-exercise hypotension and syncope. Eur J Appl Physiol 114:561\u2013578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-013-2761-1","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR651","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01088.2005","volume":"100","author":"F Haman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Haman F (2006) Shivering in the cold: from mechanisms of fuel selection to survival. J Appl Physiol 100:1702\u20131708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01088.2005","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR652","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2017.1328999","volume":"4","author":"F Haman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haman F, Blondin DP (2017) Shivering thermogenesis in humans: Origin, contribution and metabolic requirement. Temperature 4:217\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23328940.2017.1328999","journal-title":"Temperature"},{"key":"5276_CR653","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.2741\/s124","volume":"2","author":"F Haman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haman F, Blondin DP, Imbeault M-A, Maneshi A (2010) Metabolic requirements of shivering humans. Front Biosci (schol Ed) 2:1155\u20131168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2741\/s124","journal-title":"Front Biosci (schol Ed)"},{"key":"5276_CR654","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00428.2003","volume":"96","author":"F Haman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Haman F, Legault SR, Rakobowchuk M, Ducharme MB, Weber J-M (2004a) Effects of carbohydrate availability on sustained shivering II. Relating muscle recruitment to fuel selection. J Appl Physiol 96:41\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00428.2003","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.055152","volume":"556","author":"F Haman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Haman F, Legault SR, Weber J-M (2004b) Fuel selection during intense shivering in humans: EMG pattern reflects carbohydrate oxidation. J Physiol 556:305\u2013313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.055152","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR656","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00427.2003","volume":"96","author":"F Haman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Haman F, Peronnet F, Kenny GP, Doucet E, Massicotte D, Lavoie C, Weber J-M (2004c) Effects of carbohydrate availability on sustained shivering I. Oxidation of plasma glucose, muscle glycogen, and proteins. J Appl Physiol 96:32\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00427.2003","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR657","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.086272","volume":"566","author":"F Haman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Haman F, P\u00e9ronnet F, Kenny GP, Massicotte D, Lavoie C, Weber JM (2005) Partitioning oxidative fuels during cold exposure in humans: muscle glycogen becomes dominant as shivering intensifies. J Physiol 566:247\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.086272","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1924.sp002186","volume":"59","author":"WF Hamilton","year":"1924","unstructured":"Hamilton WF, Barbour HG, Loomis NM (1924) Heat regulation and water exchange: VI. The mobilisation of water and salt in warm environments. J Physiol 59:306\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1924.sp002186","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR659","first-page":"435","volume-title":"Human performance physiology and environmental medicine at terrestrial extremes","author":"MP Hamlet","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hamlet MP (1988) Human cold injuries. In: Pandolf KB, Sawka MN, Gonzalez RR (eds) Human performance physiology and environmental medicine at terrestrial extremes. Benchmark Press, Indianapolis, pp 435\u2013466"},{"key":"5276_CR660","unstructured":"Hammel HT (1960) Thermal and metabolic responses of the alacaluf indians to moderate cold exposure. Wright Air Development Technical Report 60\u2013633. USAF Aerospace Medical Division, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, pp 1\u201344"},{"key":"5276_CR661","unstructured":"Hammel HT (1964) Terrestrial animal in cold: recent studies of primitive man. In: Dill DB and Adolph EF (eds) Handbook of physiology. Sect ion 4. Adaptation to the environment. American Physiological Society, Washington, pp 413\u2013434"},{"key":"5276_CR662","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1959.14.4.605","volume":"14","author":"HT Hammel","year":"1959","unstructured":"Hammel HT, Elsner RW, Le Messurier DH, Milan FA (1959) Thermal and metabolic responses of the Australian Aborigines to moderate cold in summer. J Appl Physiol 14:605\u2013615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1959.14.4.605","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1929.0028","volume":"105","author":"W Hancock","year":"1929","unstructured":"Hancock W, Whitehouse AGR, Haldane JS (1929) The loss of water and salts through the skin and the corresponding physiological adjustments. Proc R Soc Lond 105:43\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.1929.0028","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond"},{"key":"5276_CR664","volume-title":"Handbook of climatology Volume 1: general climate theory","author":"J Hann","year":"1908","unstructured":"Hann J (1908) Handbook of climatology Volume 1: general climate theory. J. Engelhorn, Stuttgart"},{"key":"5276_CR665","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.an.12.100183.001355","volume":"12","author":"JM Hanna","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hanna JM, Brown DE (1983) Human heat tolerance: an anthropological perspective. Annu Rev Anthropol 12:259\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.an.12.100183.001355","journal-title":"Annu Rev Anthropol"},{"key":"5276_CR666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.23.12.631","volume":"23","author":"JD Hardy","year":"1937","unstructured":"Hardy JD (1937) The physical laws of heat loss from the human body. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 23:631\u2013637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.23.12.631","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"5276_CR667","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.12.030150.001003","volume":"12","author":"JD Hardy","year":"1950","unstructured":"Hardy JD (1950) Physiological responses to heat and cold. Annu Rev Physiol 12:119\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.ph.12.030150.001003","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR668","first-page":"242","volume":"49","author":"JD Hardy","year":"1954","unstructured":"Hardy JD (1954) Control of heat loss and heat production in physiologic temperature regulation. Harvey Lect 49:242\u2013270","journal-title":"Harvey Lect"},{"key":"5276_CR669","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1961.41.3.521","volume":"41","author":"JD Hardy","year":"1961","unstructured":"Hardy JD (1961) Physiology of temperature regulation. Physiol Rev 41:521\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1961.41.3.521","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR670","unstructured":"Hardy JD (ed) (1963) Temperature: its measurement and control in science and industry, Volume 3. Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York, pp 111\u2013120"},{"key":"5276_CR671","volume-title":"Physiological and behavioral temperature regulation","year":"1970","unstructured":"Hardy JD, Gagge AP, Stolwijk JAJ (eds) (1970) Physiological and behavioral temperature regulation. C.C. Thomas, Springfield"},{"key":"5276_CR672","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/16.5.477","volume":"16","author":"JD Hardy","year":"1938","unstructured":"Hardy JD, Milhorat AT, DuBois EF, Soderstrom GF (1938) The effect of exercise and chills on heat loss from the nude body. J Nutr 16:477\u2013492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/16.5.477","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"5276_CR673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI100624","volume":"13","author":"JD Hardy","year":"1934","unstructured":"Hardy JD, Muschenheim C (1934) The radiation of heat from the human body. IV. The emission, reflection, and transmission of infra-red radiation by the human skin. J Clin Investig 13:817\u2013831. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI100624","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"5276_CR674","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/JN\/16.5.493","volume":"16","author":"JD Hardy","year":"1938","unstructured":"Hardy JD, Soderstrom GF (1938) Heat loss from the nude body and peripheral blood flow at temperatures of 22\u00a0\u00b0C to 35\u00a0\u00b0C. J Nutr 16:493\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/JN\/16.5.493","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"5276_CR675","volume-title":"The Kata-thermometer in studies of body heat and efficiency","author":"D Hargood-Ash","year":"1923","unstructured":"Hargood-Ash D, St A, Hill L, Vernon HM, Bedford T, Angus TC, Campbell JA, Schuster EHJ, Smith M (1923) The Kata-thermometer in studies of body heat and efficiency. Oxford University Press, Oxford"},{"key":"5276_CR676","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise","author":"M Hargreaves","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hargreaves M (2008) Performance limitations due to substrate. In: Taylor NAS, Groeller H (eds) Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Edinburgh, pp 127\u2013134"},{"key":"5276_CR677","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2004.016097","volume":"39","author":"I Harirchi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Harirchi I, Arvin A, Vash JH, Zafarmand V (2005) Frostbite: incidence and predisposing factors in mountaineers. Br J Sports Med 39:898\u2013901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.2004.016097","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/s0964-3397(95)80073-5","volume":"11","author":"J Harker","year":"1995","unstructured":"Harker J, Gibson P (1995) Heat-stroke: a review of rapid cooling techniques. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 11:198\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0964-3397(95)80073-5","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"5276_CR679","first-page":"368","volume":"10","author":"MW Harrington","year":"1893","unstructured":"Harrington MW (1893) Sensible temperatures. Trans Am Climatol Assoc 10:368\u2013374","journal-title":"Trans Am Climatol Assoc"},{"key":"5276_CR680","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1985.65.1.149","volume":"65","author":"MH Harrison","year":"1985","unstructured":"Harrison MH (1985) Effects on thermal stress and exercise on blood volume in humans. Physiol Rev 65:149\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1985.65.1.149","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR681","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007087400029137","volume":"25","author":"M Harrison","year":"1992","unstructured":"Harrison M (1992) Tropical medicine in nineteenth-century India. Br J Hist Sci 25:299\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007087400029137","journal-title":"Br J Hist Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1080\/03014468200006121","volume":"9","author":"GA Harrison","year":"1982","unstructured":"Harrison GA, Collins KJ (1982) In memoriam: Joseph Sydney Weiner (1915\u20131982). Ann Hum Biol 9:583\u2013592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03014468200006121","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00422158","volume":"54","author":"MH Harrison","year":"1983","unstructured":"Harrison MH, Edwards RJ, Cochrane LA, Graveney MJ (1983) Blood volume and protein responses to skin heating and cooling in resting subjects. J Appl Physiol 54:515\u2013523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00422158","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR684","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198205000-00005","volume":"61","author":"GR Hart","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hart GR, Anderson RJ, Crumpler CP, Shulkin A, Reed G, Knochel JP (1982) Epidemic classical heat stroke: clinical characteristics and course of 28 patients. Medicine 61:189\u2013197","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"5276_CR685","first-page":"1144","volume":"122","author":"LE Hart","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hart LE, Egier BP, Shimizu AG, Tandan PJ, Sutton JR (1980) Exertional heat stroke: the runner\u2019s nemesis. Can Med Assoc J 122:1144\u20131150","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"5276_CR686","first-page":"453","volume":"4","author":"OL Harvey","year":"1938","unstructured":"Harvey OL, Crockett HE (1938) Individual differences in temperature regulation of women during the course of the menstrual cycle. Hum Biol 4:453\u2013468","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR687","unstructured":"Hassi J (1977) The brown adipose tissue in man. Structural and functional aspects in relation to age. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oulu, Finland. Acta Universitatis Ouluensis. Series D, Medica. Number 2l:1\u201392"},{"key":"5276_CR688","first-page":"369","volume":"21","author":"S Hatai","year":"1902","unstructured":"Hatai S (1902) On the presence in human embryos of an interscapular gland corresponding to the so-called hibernating gland of lower mammals. Anat Anz 21:369\u2013373","journal-title":"Anat Anz"},{"key":"5276_CR689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10P","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1950.sp004498","volume":"111","author":"HS Hatfield","year":"1950","unstructured":"Hatfield HS (1950) A heat-flow meter. J Physiol 111:10P-11P","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR690","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1038\/168918a0","volume":"168","author":"HS Hatfield","year":"1951","unstructured":"Hatfield HS, Pugh LGC (1951) Thermal conductivity of human fat and muscle. Nature 168:918\u2013919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/168918a0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5276_CR691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4565(01)00049-3","volume":"26","author":"G Havenith","year":"2001","unstructured":"Havenith G (2001) Human surface to mass ratio and body core temperature in exercise heat stress\u2014a concept revisited. J Therm Biol 26:387\u2013393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0306-4565(01)00049-3","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01271.2012","volume":"114","author":"G Havenith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Havenith G, Br\u00f6de P, den Hartog E, Kuklane K, Holm\u00e9r I, Rossi RM, Richards M, Farnworth B, Wang X (2013) Evaporative cooling: effective latent heat of evaporation in relation to evaporation distance from the skin. J Appl Physiol 114:778\u2013785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01271.2012","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR693","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c140051","volume":"6","author":"G Havenith","year":"2016","unstructured":"Havenith G, Fiala D (2016) Thermal indices and thermophysiological modeling for heat stress. Compr Physiol 6:255\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c140051","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR694","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-011-0451-4","volume":"56","author":"G Havenith","year":"2012","unstructured":"Havenith G, Fiala D, Blazejczyk K, Richards M, Br\u00f6de P, Holm\u00e9r I, Rintamaki H, Benshabat Y, Jendritzky G (2012) The UTCI-clothing model. Int J Biometeorol 56:461\u2013470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-011-0451-4","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"5276_CR695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139008927094","volume":"33","author":"G Havenith","year":"1990","unstructured":"Havenith G, Heus R, Lotens WA (1990) Resultant clothing insulation: a function of body movement, posture, wind, clothing fit and ensemble thickness. Ergonomics 33:67\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140139008927094","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"5276_CR696","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00238575","volume":"70","author":"G Havenith","year":"1995","unstructured":"Havenith G, Luttikholt VGM, Vrijkotte TGM (1995) The relative influence of body characteristics on humid heat stress response. Eur J Appl Physiol 70:270\u2013279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00238575","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR697","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00612.2007","volume":"104","author":"G Havenith","year":"2008","unstructured":"Havenith G, Richards MG, Wang X, Br\u00f6de P, Candas V, den Hartog E, Holm\u00e9r I, Kuklane K, Meinander H, Nocker W (2008) Apparent latent heat of evaporation from clothing: attenuation and \u201cheat pipe\u201d effects. J Appl Physiol 104:142\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00612.2007","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR698","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01466273","volume":"65","author":"G Havenith","year":"1992","unstructured":"Havenith G, van de Linde EJ, Heus R (1992) Pain, thermal sensation and cooling rates of hands while touching cold materials. Eur J Appl Physiol 65:43\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01466273","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2010.090928","volume":"27","author":"R Hawes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hawes R, McMorran J, Vallis C (2010) Exertional heat illness in half marathon runners: experiences of the Great North Run. Emerg Med J 27:866\u2013867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/emj.2010.090928","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"5276_CR700","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199724020-00001","volume":"24","author":"JA Hawley","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hawley JA, Schabort EJ, Noakes TD, Dennis SC (1997) Carbohydrate-loading and exercise performance. An update. Sports Med 24:73\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-199724020-00001","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR701","volume-title":"Environment and human performance","author":"EM Haymes","year":"1986","unstructured":"Haymes EM, Wells CL (1986) Environment and human performance. Human Kinetics Publishers, Champaign"},{"key":"5276_CR702","first-page":"708","volume":"44","author":"JS Hayward","year":"1973","unstructured":"Hayward JS, Collis M, Eckerson JD (1973) Thermographic evaluation of relative heat loss areas of man during cold water immersion. Aerosp Med 44:708\u2013711","journal-title":"Aerosp Med"},{"key":"5276_CR703","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1975.38.6.1073","volume":"38","author":"JS Hayward","year":"1975","unstructured":"Hayward JS, Eckerson JD, Collis ML (1975a) Effect of behavioral variables on cooling rate of man in cold water. J Appl Physiol 38:1073\u20131077. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1975.38.6.1073","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1139\/y75-002","volume":"53","author":"JS Hayward","year":"1975","unstructured":"Hayward JS, Eckerson JD, Collis ML (1975b) Thermal balance and survival time prediction of man in cold water. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 53:21\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/y75-002","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"5276_CR705","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330700104","volume":"70","author":"JS Hayward","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hayward JS, Eckerson JD, Dawson BT (1986) Effect of mesomorphy on hyperthermia during exercise in a warm, humid environment. Am J Phys Anthropol 70:11\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.1330700104","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"5276_CR706","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9572(84)90031-5","volume":"11","author":"JS Hayward","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hayward JS, Eckerson JD, Kemna D (1984) Thermal and cardiovascular changes during three methods of resuscitation from mild hypothermia. Resuscitation 11:21\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0300-9572(84)90031-5","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"5276_CR707","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1981.sp013946","volume":"320","author":"MG Hayward","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hayward MG, Keatinge WR (1981) Roles of subcutaneous fat and thermoregulatory reflexes in determining ability to stabilize body temperature in water. J Physiol 320:229\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1981.sp013946","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR708","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.3043.516","volume":"1","author":"KG Hearne","year":"1919","unstructured":"Hearne KG (1919) Hyperpyrexial heatstroke: a brief note on its etiology and prevention. BMJ 1:516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.1.3043.516","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.3093.521","volume":"1","author":"KG Hearne","year":"1920","unstructured":"Hearne KG (1920) Heat hyperpyrexia. BMJ 1:521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.1.3093.521","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR710","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1098\/rstl.1826.0010","volume":"116","author":"W Heberden","year":"1826","unstructured":"Heberden W (1826) VI. An account of the heat of July, 1825; together with some remarks upon sensible cold. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 116:69\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstl.1826.0010","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond"},{"key":"5276_CR711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)26241-2","volume":"199","author":"P Hehir","year":"1922","unstructured":"Hehir P (1922) The limits of body temperature. Lancet 199:553\u2013554","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5276_CR712","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-2015-000445","volume":"162","author":"KM Heil","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heil KM, Oakley EH, Wood AM (2016a) British Military freezing cold injuries: a 13-year review. J R Army Med Corps 162:413\u2013418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jramc-2015-000445","journal-title":"J R Army Med Corps"},{"key":"5276_CR713","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldw001","volume":"117","author":"K Heil","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heil K, Thomas R, Robertson G, Porter A, Milner R, Wood A (2016b) Freezing and non-freezing cold weather injuries: a systematic review. Br Med Bull 117:79\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bmb\/ldw001","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"5276_CR714","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R629","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00115.2017","volume":"314","author":"I Heinonen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Heinonen I, Laukkanen JA (2018) Effects of heat and cold on health, with special reference to Finnish sauna bathing. Am J Physiol 314:R629\u2013R638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00115.2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR715","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00695778","volume":"156","author":"G Heldmaier","year":"1985","unstructured":"Heldmaier G, Buchberger A (1985) Sources of heat during nonshivering thermogenesis in Djungarian hamsters: a dominant role of brown adipose tissue during cold adaptation. J Comp Physiol B 156:237\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00695778","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol B"},{"key":"5276_CR716","volume-title":"Living in the cold: physiological and biochemical adaptations","year":"1986","unstructured":"Heller HC, Musacchia XJ, Wang LC-H (eds) (1986) Living in the cold: physiological and biochemical adaptations. Elsevier, New York"},{"key":"5276_CR717","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1959.14.4.649","volume":"14","author":"RF Hellon","year":"1959","unstructured":"Hellon RF, Crockford GW (1959) Improvements to the globe thermometer. J Appl Physiol 14:649\u2013650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1959.14.4.649","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR718","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1956.sp005571","volume":"133","author":"RF Hellon","year":"1956","unstructured":"Hellon RF, Lind AR (1956) Observations on the activity of sweat glands with special reference to the influence of ageing. J Physiol 133:132\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1956.sp005571","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR719","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1956.sp005570","volume":"133","author":"RF Hellon","year":"1956","unstructured":"Hellon RF, Lind AR, Weiner JS (1956) The physiological reactions of men of two age groups to a hot environment. J Physiol 133:118\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1956.sp005570","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR720","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1963.43.3.397","volume":"43","author":"A Hemingway","year":"1963","unstructured":"Hemingway A (1963) Shivering. Physiol Rev 43:397\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1963.43.3.397","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR721","first-page":"854","volume":"2","author":"E Henderson","year":"1902","unstructured":"Henderson E (1902) Heat apoplexy. BMJ 2:854\u2013857","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR722","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/096777200501300107","volume":"13","author":"JH Henriksen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Henriksen JH (2005) Ernest Henry Starling (1866\u20131927): the scientist and the man. J Med Biogr 13:22\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/096777200501300107","journal-title":"J Med Biogr"},{"key":"5276_CR723","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1973.53.4.948","volume":"53","author":"H Hensel","year":"1973","unstructured":"Hensel H (1973) Neural processes in thermoregulation. Physiol Rev 53:948\u20131017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1973.53.4.948","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.36.030174.001313","volume":"36","author":"H Hensel","year":"1974","unstructured":"Hensel H (1974) Thermoreceptors. Annu Rev Physiol 36:233\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.ph.36.030174.001313","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR725","volume-title":"Thermoreception and temperature regulation","author":"H Hensel","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hensel H (1981) Thermoreception and temperature regulation. Academic Press, London"},{"key":"5276_CR726","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.09.032","volume":"168","author":"S Heo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heo S, Bell ML, Lee JT (2019) Comparison of health risks by heat wave definition: applicability of wet-bulb globe temperature for heat wave criteria. Environ Res 168:158\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2018.09.032","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"5276_CR727","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1062-6520","volume":"41","author":"E Hermand","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hermand E, Collado A, Hue O (2020) Skin application of 4% menthol enhances running performance in hot and humid climate. Int J Sports Med 41:161\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1062-6520","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR728","first-page":"262","volume-title":"Physiology of heat regulation and the science of clothing","author":"LP Herrington","year":"1949","unstructured":"Herrington LP (1949) The range of physiological response to climatic heat and cold. In: Newburgh LH (ed) Physiology of heat regulation and the science of clothing. Hafner Publishing Company, New York, pp 262\u2013276"},{"key":"5276_CR729","unstructured":"Hertig BA (1973) Thermal standards and measurement techniques. In: The industrial environment\u2014its evaluation and control. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. pp 413\u2013429"},{"key":"5276_CR730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1959.39.2.280","volume":"39","author":"AB Hertzman","year":"1959","unstructured":"Hertzman AB (1959) Vasomotor regulation of cutaneous circulation. Physiol Rev 39:280\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1959.39.2.280","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR731","first-page":"542","volume":"11","author":"AB Hertzman","year":"1960","unstructured":"Hertzman AB, Ferguson ID (1960) Failure in temperature regulation during progressive dehydration. UN Armed Forces Med J 11:542\u2013560","journal-title":"UN Armed Forces Med J"},{"key":"5276_CR732","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1948.1.3.234","volume":"1","author":"AB Hertzman","year":"1948","unstructured":"Hertzman AB, Randall WC (1948) Regional differences in the basal and maximal rates of blood flow in the skin. J Appl Physiol 1:234\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1948.1.3.234","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR733","first-page":"1053","volume":"66","author":"GR Hervey","year":"1973","unstructured":"Hervey GR (1973) Physiological changes encountered in hypothermia. Proc R Soc Med 66:1053\u20131058","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"5276_CR734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2022.2094160","volume":"9","author":"HW Hess","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hess HW, Tarr ML, Baker TB, Hostler D, Schlader ZJ (2022) Ad libitum drinking prevents dehydration during physical work in the heat when adhering to occupational heat stress recommendations. Temperature 9:292\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23328940.2022.2094160","journal-title":"Temperature"},{"key":"5276_CR735","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.389","volume":"307","author":"RS Hetem","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hetem RS, Maloney SK, Fuller A, Meyer LC, Mitchell D (2007) Validation of a biotelemetric technique, using ambulatory miniature black globe thermometers, to quantify thermoregulatory behaviour in ungulates. J Exp Zool A Ecol Genet Physiol 307:342\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jez.389","journal-title":"J Exp Zool A Ecol Genet Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12166","volume":"91","author":"RS Hetem","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hetem RS, Maloney SK, Fuller A, Mitchell D (2016) Heterothermy in large mammals: inevitable or implemented? Biol Rev 91:187\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/brv.12166","journal-title":"Biol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR50999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-010-0480-z","volume":"180","author":"RS Hetem","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hetem RS, Strauss WM, Fick LG, Maloney SK, Meyer LCR, Shobrak M, Fuller A, Mitchell D (2010) Variation in the daily rhythm of body temperature of free-living Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx): does water limitation drive heterothermy? J Comp Physiol B 180:1111\u20131119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00360-010-0480-z","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol B"},{"key":"5276_CR737","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(94)00004-I","volume":"26","author":"R Heus","year":"1995","unstructured":"Heus R, Daanen HAM, Havenith G (1995) Physiological criteria for functioning of hands in the cold: a review. Appl Ergon 26:5\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0003-6870(94)00004-I","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"key":"5276_CR738","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-16-0082.1","volume":"98","author":"BG Heusinkveld","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heusinkveld BG, Sterenborg G, Steeneveld GJ, Attema JJ, Ronda RJ, Holtslag AAM (2017) Smartphone app brings human thermal comfort forecast in your hands. Bull Am Meteor Soc 98:2533\u20132541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/BAMS-D-16-0082.1","journal-title":"Bull Am Meteor Soc"},{"key":"5276_CR739","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.2165\/11532070-000000000-00000","volume":"40","author":"T Hew-Butler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hew-Butler T (2010) Arginine vasopressin, fluid balance and exercise. Sports Med 40:459\u2013479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/11532070-000000000-00000","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR740","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000221","volume":"25","author":"T Hew-Butler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hew-Butler T, Rosner MH, Fowkes-Godek S, Dugas JP, Hoffman MD, Lewis DP, Maughan RJ, Miller KC, Montain SJ, Rehrer NJ, Roberts WO, Rogers IR, Siegel AJ, Stuempfle KJ, Winger JM, Verbalis JG (2015) Statement of the third international exercise-associated hyponatremia consensus development conference, Carlsbad, California, 2015. Clin J Sport Med 25:303\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000221","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"5276_CR741","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2017-000297","volume":"4","author":"TD Hew-Butler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hew-Butler TD, Eskin C, Bickham J, Rusnak M, van der Meulen M (2018) Dehydration is how you define it: comparison of 318 blood and urine athlete spot checks. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 4:e000297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2017-000297","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"},{"key":"5276_CR742","first-page":"1","volume":"25","author":"J-F Heymans","year":"1919","unstructured":"Heymans J-F (1919) Iso-, hyper- et hypothermisation des mammif\u00e8res par calorification et frigorification du sang de la circulation carotidojugulaire anastomos\u00e9e. \u00c9tude de Thermophysiologie. Archives Internationales De Phramacodynamie Et De Therapie 25:1\u2013216","journal-title":"Archives Internationales De Phramacodynamie Et De Therapie"},{"key":"5276_CR743","unstructured":"Hicks CS (1964) Terrestrial animals in cold: exploratory studies of primitive man. In: Dill DB and Adolph EF (eds) Handbook of physiology. Sect ion 4. Adaptation to the environment. American Physiological Society, Washington, pp 405\u2013412"},{"key":"5276_CR744","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.2698.599","volume":"2","author":"L Hill","year":"1912","unstructured":"Hill L (1912) An address on the influence of muscular exercise and open air on the bodily functions. BMJ 2:599\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.2.2698.599","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR745","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.3090.397","volume":"1","author":"L Hill","year":"1920","unstructured":"Hill L (1920) The nature, prevention and treatment of heat hyperpyrexia: the physiological aspect. BMJ 1:397\u2013399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.1.3090.397","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR746","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hill AV (1925) The physiological basis of athletic records. Sci Month. 21:409\u2013428. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/7404","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)15546-7"},{"key":"5276_CR747","volume-title":"Muscular movement in man: the factors governing speed and recovery from Fatigue","author":"AV Hill","year":"1927","unstructured":"Hill AV (1927) Muscular movement in man: the factors governing speed and recovery from Fatigue. McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc., New York"},{"key":"5276_CR748","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1932.12.1.56","volume":"12","author":"AV Hill","year":"1932","unstructured":"Hill AV (1932) The revolution in muscle physiology. Physiol Rev 12:56\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1932.12.1.56","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR749","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbm.1950.0014","volume":"7","author":"AV Hill","year":"1950","unstructured":"Hill AV (1950) August Schack Steenberg Krogh, 1874\u20131949. Biogr Mem Fellows R Soc 7:220\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbm.1950.0014","journal-title":"Biogr Mem Fellows R Soc"},{"key":"5276_CR750","volume-title":"Trails and trials in physiology. A bibliography, 1909\u20131964; with reviews of certain topics and methods and a reconnaissance for further research","author":"AV Hill","year":"1965","unstructured":"Hill AV (1965) Trails and trials in physiology. A bibliography, 1909\u20131964; with reviews of certain topics and methods and a reconnaissance for further research. Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore"},{"key":"5276_CR751","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1916.0005","volume":"207","author":"LE Hill","year":"1916","unstructured":"Hill LE, Griffith OW, Flack MV (1916) The measurement of the rate of heat-loss at body temperature by convection, radiation, and evaporation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 207:183\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.1916.0005","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond"},{"key":"5276_CR752","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1919.0004","volume":"90","author":"LE Hill","year":"1919","unstructured":"Hill LE, Hargood-Ash D (1919) On the cooling and evaporative powers of the atmosphere, as determined by the kata-thermometer. Proc R Soc Lond 90:438\u2013447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.1919.0004","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond"},{"key":"5276_CR753","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1920.sp001913","volume":"54","author":"AV Hill","year":"1920","unstructured":"Hill AV, Hartree W (1920) The four phases of heat-production of muscle. J Physiol 54:84\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1920.sp001913","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR754","first-page":"xxxii","volume":"56","author":"AV Hill","year":"1922","unstructured":"Hill AV, Lupton H (1922) The oxygen consumption during running. J Physiol 56:xxxii\u2013xxxiii","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/os-16.62.135","volume":"16","author":"AV Hill","year":"1923","unstructured":"Hill AV, Lupton H (1923) Muscular exercise, lactic acid, and the supply and utilization of oxygen. QJM 16:135\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/qjmed\/os-16.62.135","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"5276_CR756","volume-title":"View from the Summit","author":"E Hillary","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hillary E (2000) View from the Summit. Corgi Books, London"},{"key":"5276_CR757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2013.825796","volume":"21","author":"AR Hillman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hillman AR, Turner MC, Peart DJ, Bray JW, Taylor L, McNaughton LR, Siegler JC (2013) A comparison of hyperhydration versus ad libitum fluid intake strategies on measures of oxidative stress, thermoregulation, and performance. Res Sports Med 21:305\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15438627.2013.825796","journal-title":"Res Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2014.04.029","volume":"85","author":"J Hilmo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hilmo J, Naesheim T, Gilbert M (2014) \u201cNobody is dead until warm and dead\u201d: prolonged resuscitation is warranted in arrested hypothermic victims also in remote areas\u2014a retrospective study from northern Norway. Resuscitation 85:1204\u20131211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2014.04.029","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"5276_CR759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(84)90183-7","volume":"12","author":"J Himms-Hagen","year":"1984","unstructured":"Himms-Hagen J (1984) Nonshivering thermogenesis. Brain Res Bull 12:151\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0361-9230(84)90183-7","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"5276_CR760","first-page":"327","volume-title":"Thermoregulation: physiology and biochemistry","author":"J Himms-Hagen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Himms-Hagen J (1990) Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis: role in thermoregulation, energy regulation and obesity. In: Sch\u00f6nbaum E, Lomax P (eds) Thermoregulation: physiology and biochemistry. Pergamon Press, New York, pp 327\u2013414"},{"key":"5276_CR761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Himms-Hagen J (1996) Neural and hormonal responses to prolonged cold exposure. Comprehensive Physiology. Supplement 14: Handbook of Physiology, Environmental Physiology, pp 439\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.cp040120","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.cp040120"},{"key":"5276_CR762","unstructured":"Hippocrates (1817) The Aphorisms of Hippocrates. Translated by Marks, E. from the Latin version of Verhoofd, L. Collins and Company, New York"},{"key":"5276_CR763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.1981.11711228","volume":"9","author":"EG Hixson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hixson EG (1981) Injury patterns in cross-country skiing. Phys Sportsmed 9:44\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00913847.1981.11711228","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"key":"5276_CR764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0782-3","volume":"48","author":"MD Hoffman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hoffman MD, Goulet ED, Maughan RJ (2018) Considerations in the use of body mass change to estimate change in hydration status during a 161-kilometer ultramarathon running competition. Sports Med 48:243\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-017-0782-3","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR765","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0000000000000599","volume":"47","author":"MD Hoffman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hoffman MD, Stuempfle KJ (2015) Sodium supplementation and exercise-associated hyponatremia during prolonged exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 47:1781\u20131787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/mss.0000000000000599","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.7.1.6","volume":"7","author":"MD Hoffman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hoffman MD, Stuempfle KJ, Rogers IR, Weschler LB, Hew-Butler T (2012) Hyponatremia in the 2009 161-km Western States Endurance Run. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 7:6\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.7.1.6","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"5276_CR767","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2018.1502189","volume":"27","author":"MD Hoffman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hoffman MD, Stellingwerff T, Costa RJ (2019) Considerations for ultra-endurance activities: part 2\u2014hydration. Res Sports Med 27:182\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15438627.2018.1502189","journal-title":"Res Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR768","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-015-0040-x","volume":"1","author":"MD Hoffman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hoffman MD, Stuempfle KJ, Valentino T (2015) Sodium intake during an ultramarathon does not prevent muscle cramping, dehydration, hyponatremia, or nausea. Sports Med Open 1:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40798-015-0040-x","journal-title":"Sports Med Open"},{"key":"5276_CR769","unstructured":"Hohtola E (2004) Shivering thermogenesis in bird and mammals. In: Barnes BM and Carey HV (eds). Life in the cold: evolution, mechanisms, adaptation, and application. Twelfth International Hibernation Symposium. Biological Papers of the University of Alaska, number 27. Fairbanks, Alaska, pp 241\u2013252"},{"key":"5276_CR770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1972.33.4.502","volume":"33","author":"I Holm\u00e9r","year":"1972","unstructured":"Holm\u00e9r I (1972) Oxygen uptake during swimming. J Appl Physiol 33:502\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1972.33.4.502","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR771","first-page":"1","volume":"407","author":"I Holm\u00e9r","year":"1974","unstructured":"Holm\u00e9r I (1974) Physiology of swimming man. Acta Physiol Scand 407:1\u201355","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR772","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-8141(88)90017-0","volume":"3","author":"I Holm\u00e9r","year":"1988","unstructured":"Holm\u00e9r I (1988) Assessment of cold stress in terms of required clothing insulation-IREQ. Int J Ind Ergon 3:159\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0169-8141(88)90017-0","journal-title":"Int J Ind Ergon"},{"key":"5276_CR773","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.44.404","volume":"44","author":"I Holm\u00e9r","year":"2006","unstructured":"Holm\u00e9r I (2006) Protective clothing in hot environments. Ind Health 44:404\u2013413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2486\/indhealth.44.404","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"key":"5276_CR774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.47.228","volume":"47","author":"I Holm\u00e9r","year":"2009","unstructured":"Holm\u00e9r I (2009) Evaluation of cold workplaces: an overview of standards for assessment of cold stress. Ind Health 47:228\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2486\/indhealth.47.228","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"key":"5276_CR775","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1974.37.5.702","volume":"37","author":"I Holm\u00e9r","year":"1974","unstructured":"Holm\u00e9r I, Bergh U (1974) Metabolic and thermal response to swimming in water at varying temperatures. J Appl Physiol 37:702\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1974.37.5.702","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1093\/annhyg\/43.5.329","volume":"43","author":"I Holm\u00e9r","year":"1999","unstructured":"Holm\u00e9r I, Nilsson H, Havenith G, Parsons K (1999) Clothing convective heat exchange-proposal for improved prediction in standards and models. Ann Occup Hyg 43:329\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annhyg\/43.5.329","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"5276_CR777","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1974.36.6.711","volume":"36","author":"I Holm\u00e9r","year":"1974","unstructured":"Holm\u00e9r I, Lundin A, Eriksson BO (1974) Maximum oxygen uptake during swimming and running by elite swimmers. J Appl Physiol 36:711\u2013714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1974.36.6.711","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR778","first-page":"514","volume":"2","author":"G Holdroyd","year":"1931","unstructured":"Holdroyd G (1931) Louis Sambon, M.D. BMJ 2:514\u2013515","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR779","unstructured":"Holzl\u00f6hner, E., Rascher, S., and Finke, E. (1942). Bericht \u00fcber Abk\u00fchlungsversuche am Menschen. [Report on cooling experiments on humans]. Munich."},{"key":"5276_CR780","first-page":"483","volume":"2","author":"JH Hooper","year":"1866","unstructured":"Hooper JH (1866) The variations of temperature in health. Med times Gazette 2:483\u2013484","journal-title":"Med times Gazette"},{"key":"5276_CR781","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Horowitz BA (1996) Homeostatic responses to acute cold exposure: thermogenic responses in birds and mammals. Comprehensive Physiology. Supplement 14: Handbook of Physiology, Environmental Physiology, pp 359\u2013377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.cp040116","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.cp040116"},{"key":"5276_CR782","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2017.1290571","volume":"4","author":"M Horowitz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Horowitz M (2017) Lessons from gold mines. Temperature 4:107\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23328940.2017.1290571","journal-title":"Temperature"},{"key":"5276_CR783","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6_11","volume-title":"Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in physiology","author":"M Horowitz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Horowitz M (2022) The history of thermal physiology in Israel. In: Blatteis CM, Taylor NAS, Mitchell D (eds) Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in physiology. Springer, New York, pp 541\u2013567"},{"key":"5276_CR784","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1978.44.4.585","volume":"44","author":"M Horowitz","year":"1978","unstructured":"Horowitz M, Samueloff S, Adler JH (1978) Acute dehydration: body water distribution in acclimated and nonacclimated Psammomys obesus. J Physiol 44:585\u2013588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1978.44.4.585","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR785","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1972.33.4.446","volume":"33","author":"DH Horstman","year":"1972","unstructured":"Horstman DH, Horvath SM (1972) Cardiovascular and temperature regulatory changes during progressive dehydration and euhydration. J Appl Physiol 33:446\u2013450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1972.33.4.446","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR786","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/00431672.1995.9925359","volume":"48","author":"S Horstmeyer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Horstmeyer S (1995) Is winter\u2019s popular index blown out of proportion? Weatherwise 48:24\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00431672.1995.9925359","journal-title":"Weatherwise"},{"issue":"9","key":"5276_CR787","first-page":"221","volume":"1981","author":"SM Horvath","year":"1981","unstructured":"Horvath SM (1981) Exercise in a cold environment. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 1981(9):221\u2013263","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR788","first-page":"158","volume":"18","author":"SM Horvath","year":"1947","unstructured":"Horvath SM, Freedman A (1947) The influence of cold upon the efficiency of man. J Aviat Med 18:158\u2013164","journal-title":"J Aviat Med"},{"key":"5276_CR789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI101810","volume":"26","author":"SM Horvath","year":"1947","unstructured":"Horvath SM, Golden H (1947) Observations on men performing a standard amount of work in low ambient temperatures. J Clin Investig 26:311\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI101810","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"5276_CR790","volume-title":"The harvard fatigue laboratory: its history and contributions","author":"S Horvath","year":"1973","unstructured":"Horvath S, Horvath E (1973) The harvard fatigue laboratory: its history and contributions. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs"},{"key":"5276_CR791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1950.161.2.316","volume":"161","author":"SM Horvath","year":"1950","unstructured":"Horvath SM, Rubin A, Foltz EL (1950) Thermal gradients in the vascular system. Am J Physiol 161:316\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1950.161.2.316","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR792","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-0345-7","volume-title":"Human body temperature. Its measurement and regulation","author":"Y Houdas","year":"1982","unstructured":"Houdas Y, Ring EFJ (1982) Human body temperature. Its measurement and regulation. Plenum Press, New York"},{"key":"5276_CR793","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1929.88.3.386","volume":"88","author":"FC Houghten","year":"1929","unstructured":"Houghten FC, Teague WW, Miller WE, Yant WP (1929) Thermal exchanges between the human body and its atmospheric environment. Am J Physiol 88:386\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1929.88.3.386","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR794","first-page":"165","volume":"29","author":"FC Houghten","year":"1923","unstructured":"Houghten FC, Yagloglou CP (1923a) Determining equal comfort lines. Trans Am Soc Heat Ventilat Eng 29:165\u2013176","journal-title":"Trans Am Soc Heat Ventilat Eng"},{"key":"5276_CR795","first-page":"515","volume":"29","author":"FC Houghten","year":"1923","unstructured":"Houghten FC, Yagloglou CP (1923b) Determination of the comfort zone. J Am Soc Heat Ventilat Eng 29:515\u2013528","journal-title":"J Am Soc Heat Ventilat Eng"},{"key":"5276_CR796","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199010000-00012","volume":"22","author":"JA Houmard","year":"1990","unstructured":"Houmard JA, Costill DL, Davis JA, Mitchell JB, Pascoe DD, Robergs RA (1990) The influence of exercise intensity on heat acclimation in trained subjects. Med Sci Sports Exerc 22:615\u2013620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/00005768-199010000-00012","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR797","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-002-0692-3","volume":"88","author":"JR House","year":"2002","unstructured":"House JR, Tipton MJ (2002) Using skin temperature gradients or skin heat flux measurements to determine thresholds of vasoconstriction and vasodilatation. Eur J Appl Physiol 88:141\u2013145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-002-0692-3","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR798","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.3092.485","volume":"1","author":"AHH Howard","year":"1920","unstructured":"Howard AHH (1920) Heat hyperpyrexia. BMJ 1:485","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR799","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507305013","volume":"35","author":"AS Howe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Howe AS, Boden BP (2007) Heat-related illness in athletes. Am J Sports Med 35:1384\u20131395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546507305013","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR800","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02933950","volume":"13","author":"H Hoyer","year":"1877","unstructured":"Hoyer H (1877) \u00dcber unmittlebare einm\u00fcndung kleinster arterien in gef\u00e4ss\u00e4ste ven\u00f6sen charakters. Arch Mikrosk Anat 13:606\u2013644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02933950","journal-title":"Arch Mikrosk Anat"},{"key":"5276_CR801","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3251","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000004066","volume":"35","author":"JH Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang JH, Chiu YC, Chang CK (2021) Influence of hot environment on pitching and hitting performance in professional baseball. J Strength Cond Res 35:3251\u20133255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000004066","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"5276_CR802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1984.57.3.868","volume":"57","author":"RW Hubbard","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hubbard RW, Sandick BL, Matthew WT, Francesconi RP, Sampson JB, Durkot MJ, Maller O, Engell DB (1984) Voluntary dehydration and alliesthesia for water. J Appl Physiol 57:868\u2013873. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1984.57.3.868","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR803","unstructured":"Hughes L, Steffen W, Mullins G, Dean A, Weisbrot E and Rice M (2020) Summer of crisis. Climate Council of Australia Ltd. https:\/\/www.climatecouncil.org.au\/resources\/summer-of-crisis\/ (Accessed: Oct 22nd, 2020)"},{"key":"5276_CR804","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6145.1158-c","volume":"2","author":"RL Hughson","year":"1978","unstructured":"Hughson RL, Sutton JR (1978) Heat stroke in a \u201crun for fun.\u201d BMJ 2:1158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.2.6145.1158-c","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR805","first-page":"1141","volume":"122","author":"RL Hughson","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hughson RL, Green HJ, Houston ME, Thomson JA, MacLean DR, Sutton JR (1980) Heat injuries in Canadian mass participation runs. Can Med Assoc J 122:1141\u20131144","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"5276_CR806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-08-03-35","volume":"8","author":"AJ Hull","year":"1907","unstructured":"Hull AJ, Reed KH (1907) Correspondence for the journal of the royal army medical corps 1907; vol 8. BMJ Military Health 8:341\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jramc-08-03-35","journal-title":"BMJ Military Health"},{"key":"5276_CR807","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.30.040190.003221","volume":"30","author":"EC Hulme","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hulme EC, Birdsall NJ, Buckley NJ (1990) Muscarinic receptor subtypes. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 30:633\u2013673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.pa.30.040190.003221","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"5276_CR808","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1959.tb49221.x","volume":"80","author":"DM Hume","year":"1959","unstructured":"Hume DM, Egdahl RH (1959) Effect of hypothermia and of cold exposure on adrenal cortical and medullary secretion. Ann N Y Acad Sci 80:435\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1959.tb49221.x","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR809","first-page":"479","volume":"1","author":"EH Hunt","year":"1912","unstructured":"Hunt EH (1912) The regulation of body temperature in extremes of dry heat. J Hygiene 1:479\u2013488","journal-title":"J Hygiene"},{"key":"5276_CR810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.1384.65","volume":"2","author":"GD Hunter","year":"1887","unstructured":"Hunter GD (1887) Notes on heat and \u201cheat-stroke\u201d at Assouan in the summer of 1886. BMJ 2:65","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR811","volume-title":"Civilization and climate","author":"E Huntington","year":"1924","unstructured":"Huntington E (1924) Civilization and climate. Yale University Press, New Haven"},{"key":"5276_CR812","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.01.035","volume":"39","author":"RL Hutchison","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hutchison RL (2014) Frostbite of the hand. J Hand Surg 39:1863\u20131868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.01.035","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"key":"5276_CR813","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00422121","volume":"46","author":"P Huttunen","year":"1981","unstructured":"Huttunen P, Hirvonen J, Kinnula V (1981) The occurrence of brown adipose tissue in outdoor workers. Eur J Appl Physiol 46:339\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00422121","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR814","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.36.155.494","volume":"36","author":"TB Hyslop","year":"1890","unstructured":"Hyslop TB (1890) Sunstroke and insanity. J Meteorol Soc Jpn 36:494\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.36.155.494","journal-title":"J Meteorol Soc Jpn"},{"key":"5276_CR815","first-page":"396","volume":"42","author":"PF Iampietro","year":"1971","unstructured":"Iampietro PF (1971) Use of skin temperature to predict tolerance to thermal environments. Aerosp Med 42:396\u2013399","journal-title":"Aerosp Med"},{"key":"5276_CR816","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1965.20.1.73","volume":"20","author":"PF Iampietro","year":"1965","unstructured":"Iampietro PF, Goldman RF (1965) Tolerance of men working in hot, humid environments. J Appl Physiol 20:73\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1965.20.1.73","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1959.14.5.798","volume":"14","author":"PF Iampietro","year":"1959","unstructured":"Iampietro PF, Goldman RF, Buskirk ER, Bass DE (1959) Response of Negro and white males to cold. J Appl Physiol 14:798\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1959.14.5.798","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1960.15.4.632","volume":"15","author":"PF Iampietro","year":"1960","unstructured":"Iampietro PF, Vaughan JA, Goldman RF, Kreider MB, Masucci F, Bass DE (1960) Heat production from shivering. J Appl Physiol 15:632\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1960.15.4.632","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v4i0.8456","author":"TM Ik\u00e4heimo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ik\u00e4heimo TM, Hassi J (2011) Frostbites in circumpolar areas. Glob Health Action. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3402\/gha.v4i0.8456","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"key":"5276_CR820","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-157-01-14","volume":"157","author":"CH Imray","year":"2011","unstructured":"Imray CH, Richards P, Greeves J, Castellani JW (2011) Nonfreezing cold-induced injuries. J R Army Med Corps 157:79\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jramc-157-01-14","journal-title":"J R Army Med Corps"},{"key":"5276_CR821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0b013e3182877454","volume":"12","author":"BJ Ingram","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ingram BJ, Raymond TJ (2013) Recognition and treatment of freezing and nonfreezing cold injuries. Curr Sports Med Rep 12:125\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/JSR.0b013e3182877454","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"key":"5276_CR822","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050485","volume":"79","author":"Y Inoue","year":"1999","unstructured":"Inoue Y, Shibasaki M, Ueda H, Ishizashi H (1999) Mechanisms underlying the age-related decrement in the human sweating response. Eur J Appl Physiol 79:121\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004210050485","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR823","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine (1996) Physiology of cold exposure. In: Marriott BM and Carlson SJ (eds) Nutritional needs in cold and in high-altitude environments: applications for military personnel in field operations. National Academies Press, Washington. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK232852\/#_NBK232852_pubdet_"},{"key":"5276_CR824","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17226\/10925","volume-title":"Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2005","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine (2005) Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. National Academies Press, Washington. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/10925"},{"key":"5276_CR825","unstructured":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2021) AR6 Climate Change 2021: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland. https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii\/ (Accessed: Apr 6th, 2021)"},{"key":"5276_CR826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2022) Climate change 2022: mitigation of climate change. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland. https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg3\/ (Accessed: Dec 20th, 2022)","DOI":"10.1017\/9781009157926"},{"key":"5276_CR827","volume-title":"Ergonomics of the thermal environment-analytical determination and interpretation of heat stress using calculation of the predicted heat strain","author":"International Standards Organisation","year":"2004","unstructured":"International Standards Organisation (2004) Ergonomics of the thermal environment-analytical determination and interpretation of heat stress using calculation of the predicted heat strain. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva"},{"key":"5276_CR828","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2022.2030634","volume":"9","author":"LG Ioannou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ioannou LG, Foster J, Morris NB, Piil JF, Havenith G, Mekjavic IB, Kenny GP, Nybo L, Flouris AD (2022a) Occupational heat strain in outdoor workers: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Temperature 9:67\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23328940.2022.2030634","journal-title":"Temperature"},{"key":"5276_CR829","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6303","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18126303","volume":"18","author":"LG Ioannou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ioannou LG, Mantzios K, Tsoutsoubi L, Nintou E, Vliora M, Gkiata P, Dallas CN, Gkikas G, Agaliotis G, Sfakianakis K, Kapnia AK, Testa DJ, Amorim T, Dinas PC, Mayor TS, Gao C, Nybo L, Flouris AD (2021) Occupational heat stress: multi-country observations and interventions. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18:6303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18126303","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"5276_CR830","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2022.2037376","author":"LG Ioannou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ioannou LG, Mantzios K, Tsoutsoubi L, Notley SR, Dinas PC, Brearley M, Epstein Y, Havenith G, Sawka MN, Br\u00f6de P, Mekjavic IB, Kenny GP, Bernard TE, Nybo L, Flouris AD (2022b) Indicators to assess physiological heat strain\u2014Part 1: systematic review. Temperature. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23328940.2022.2037376. (In press)","journal-title":"Temperature"},{"key":"5276_CR831","first-page":"948","volume":"58","author":"GL Irion","year":"1987","unstructured":"Irion GL (1987) Responses of distance runners and sprinters to exercise in a hot environment. Aviat Space Environ Med 58:948\u2013953","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR832","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689709000805","volume":"90","author":"MS Irwin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Irwin MS, Sanders R, Green CJ, Terenghi G (1997) Neuropathy in non-freezing cold injury (trench foot). J R Soc Med 90:433\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/014107689709000805","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"5276_CR833","volume-title":"Hot environments\u2014estimation of the heat stress on working man, based on the WBGT-index (wet bulb globe temperature)","author":"ISO 7243:1982","year":"1982","unstructured":"ISO 7243:1982 (1982) Hot environments\u2014estimation of the heat stress on working man, based on the WBGT-index (wet bulb globe temperature). International Organization for Standardization, Geneva"},{"key":"5276_CR834","volume-title":"Ergonomics of the thermal environment\u2014analytical determination and interpretation of heat stress using calculation of the predicted heat strain","author":"ISO 7933:2004","year":"2004","unstructured":"ISO 7933:2004 (2004) Ergonomics of the thermal environment\u2014analytical determination and interpretation of heat stress using calculation of the predicted heat strain. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva"},{"key":"5276_CR835","volume-title":"Ergonomics of the thermal environment\u2014Determination and interpretation of cold stress when using required clothing insulation (IREQ) and local cooling effects","author":"ISO 11079:2007","year":"2007","unstructured":"ISO 11079:2007 (2007) Ergonomics of the thermal environment\u2014Determination and interpretation of cold stress when using required clothing insulation (IREQ) and local cooling effects. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva"},{"key":"5276_CR836","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.66.5.2358","volume":"66","author":"DJ Israel","year":"1989","unstructured":"Israel DJ, Pozos RS (1989) Synchronized slow-amplitude modulations in the electromyograms of shivering muscles. J Appl Physiol 66:2358\u20132363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1989.66.5.2358","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR837","first-page":"1108","volume":"64","author":"DJ Israel","year":"1993","unstructured":"Israel DJ, Wittmers LE, Hoffman RG, Pozos RS (1993) Suppression of shivering by breath holding, relaxation, mental arithmetic, and warm water ingestion. Aviat Space Environ Med 64:1108\u20131112","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR838","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00586542","volume":"410","author":"IUPS Thermal Commission","year":"1987","unstructured":"IUPS Thermal Commission (1987) Glossary of terms for thermal physiology. Second edition. Revised by the commission for thermal physiology of the international union of physiological sciences. Pflugers Arch 410:567\u2013487","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"5276_CR839","first-page":"245","volume":"51","author":"IUPS Thermal Commission","year":"2001","unstructured":"IUPS Thermal Commission (2001) Glossary of terms for thermal physiology. Third edition. Revised by the commission for thermal physiology of the international union of physiological sciences. Jpn J Physiol 51:245\u2013280","journal-title":"Jpn J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR840","unstructured":"Jacklitsch B, Williams WJ, Musolin K, Coca A, Kim J-H and Turner N (2016) NIOSH criteria for a recommended standard: occupational exposure to heat and hot environments. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio. NIOSH Publication 2016\u2013106"},{"key":"5276_CR841","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1249\/00003677-199401000-00010","volume":"22","author":"I Jacobs","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jacobs I, Martineau L, Vallerand AL (1994) Thermoregulatory thermogenesis in humans during cold stress. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 22:221\u2013250","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR842","first-page":"715","volume":"55","author":"I Jacobs","year":"1984","unstructured":"Jacobs I, Romet T, Frim J, Hynes A (1984) Effects of endurance fitness on responses to cold water immersion. Aviat Space Environ Med 55:715\u2013720","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR843","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00426295","volume":"54","author":"I Jacobs","year":"1985","unstructured":"Jacobs I, Romet TT, Kerrigan-Brown D (1985) Muscle glycogen depletion during exercise at 9 degrees C and 21 degrees C. Eur J Appl Physiol 54:35\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00426295","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR844","unstructured":"Jackson R (1795) A Treatise on the Fevers of Jamaica: with some observations on the intermitting fever of America, and An Appendix, containing some hints on the means of preserving the health of soldiers in hot climates. Robert Campbell, Philadelphia"},{"key":"5276_CR845","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-013-0748-1","volume":"183","author":"RS James","year":"2013","unstructured":"James RS (2013) A review of the thermal sensitivity of the mechanics of vertebrate skeletal muscle. J Comp Physiol B 183:723\u2013733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00360-013-0748-1","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol B"},{"key":"5276_CR846","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/conphys\/coz066","volume":"7","author":"RS James","year":"2019","unstructured":"James RS, Tallis J (2019) The likely effects of thermal climate change on vertebrate skeletal muscle mechanics with possible consequences for animal movement and behaviour. Conserv Physiol 7:coz066. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/conphys\/coz066","journal-title":"Conserv Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR847","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/42.1.2","volume":"42","author":"BCP Jansen","year":"1950","unstructured":"Jansen BCP (1950) C. Eijkman (August 11, 1858-November 5, 1930). J Nutr 42:3\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/42.1.2","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"5276_CR848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185x.1973.tb01115.x","volume":"48","author":"L Jansk\u00fd","year":"1973","unstructured":"Jansk\u00fd L (1973) Non-shivering thermogenesis and its thermoregulatory significance. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 48:85\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-185x.1973.tb01115.x","journal-title":"Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc"},{"key":"5276_CR849","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1995.75.2.237","volume":"75","author":"L Jansk\u00fd","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jansk\u00fd L (1995) Humoral thermogenesis and its role in maintaining energy balance. Physiol Rev 75:237\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1995.75.2.237","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1007\/s004240050146","volume":"432","author":"L Jansk\u00fd","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jansk\u00fd L, Jan\u00e1kov\u00e1 H, Uli\u010dny B, \u0160r\u00e1mek P, Ho\u0161ek V, Heller J, Pa\u0159\u00edzkov\u00e1 J (1996) Changes in thermal homeostasis in humans due to repeated cold water immersions. Pfl\u00fcgers Arch 432:368\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004240050146","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch"},{"key":"5276_CR851","first-page":"767","volume":"43","author":"S Jarcho","year":"1967","unstructured":"Jarcho S (1967) A Roman experience with heat stroke in 24 BC. Bull NY Acad Med 43:767\u2013768","journal-title":"Bull NY Acad Med"},{"key":"5276_CR852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00117.2007","volume":"103","author":"O Jay","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jay O, Reardon FD, Webb P, Ducharme MB, Ramsay T, Nettlefold L, Kenny GP (2007) Estimating changes in mean body temperature for humans during exercise using core and skin temperatures is inaccurate even with a correction factor. J Appl Physiol 103:443\u2013451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00117.2007","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR4555","unstructured":"Jelinek K (1876) Psychrometer - Tafeln f\u00fcr das hunderttheilige Thermometer. Vienna, Austria"},{"key":"5276_CR853","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Methodik zur raumlichen Bewertung der thermischen Komponente im Bioklima des Menschen","author":"G Jendritzky","year":"1990","unstructured":"Jendritzky G (1990) Bioklimatische Bewertungsgrundlage der R\u00e4ume am Beispiet von mesoskaligen Bioklimakarten. In: Schirmer H (ed) Methodik zur raumlichen Bewertung der thermischen Komponente im Bioklima des Menschen. Akademie fiir Raumforschung und Landesplanung, Hannover, pp 7\u201369"},{"key":"5276_CR854","first-page":"499","volume-title":"Environmental ergonomics XII","author":"G Jendritzky","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jendritzky G, Havenith G, Weihs P, Batchvarova E, de Dear RJ (2007) The universal thermal climate index UTCI goal and state of COST action 730. In: Mekjavic IB, Kounalakis SN, Taylor NAS (eds) Environmental ergonomics XII. Biomed d.o.o., Ljubljana, pp 499\u2013502"},{"key":"5276_CR855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1080\/09523367.2011.604822","volume":"28","author":"AF Jensen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jensen AF, Bonde H (2011) Gymnastics\u2014an emerging national university discipline\u2014Johannes Lindhard\u2019s struggle to institutionalise gymnastics as a subject at the University of Copenhagen 1909\u20131940. Int J History Sport 28:1923\u20131943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09523367.2011.604822","journal-title":"Int J History Sport"},{"key":"5276_CR856","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1976.40.4.514","volume":"40","author":"C Jessen","year":"1976","unstructured":"Jessen C (1976) Two-dimensional determination of thermosensitive sites within the goat\u2019s hypothalamus. J Appl Physiol 40:514\u2013520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1976.40.4.514","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR857","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1980.tb01522.x","volume":"24","author":"K Jessen","year":"1980","unstructured":"Jessen K (1980) An assessment of human regulatory nonshivering thermogenesis. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 24:138\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1980.tb01522.x","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR858","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1981.sp013570","volume":"311","author":"C Jessen","year":"1981","unstructured":"Jessen C (1981) Independent clamps of peripheral and central temperatures and their effects on heat production in the goat. J Physiol 311:11\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1981.sp013570","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR859","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jessen C (1996) Interaction of body temperatures in control of thermoregulatory effector mechanisms. Comprehensive Physiology. Supplement 14: Handbook of Physiology, Environmental Physiology, pp 127\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.cp040107","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.cp040107"},{"key":"5276_CR860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1983.54.4.880","volume":"54","author":"C Jessen","year":"1983","unstructured":"Jessen C, Feistkorn G, Nagel A (1983) Temperature sensitivity of skeletal muscle in the conscious goat. J Appl Physiol 54:880\u2013886. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1983.54.4.880","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR861","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00585205","volume":"368","author":"C Jessen","year":"1977","unstructured":"Jessen C, Mercer JB, Puschmann S (1977) Intravascular heat exchanger for conscious goats. Pfl\u00fcgers Arch 368:263\u2013265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00585205","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch"},{"key":"5276_CR862","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1980.tb01560.x","volume":"24","author":"K Jessen","year":"1980","unstructured":"Jessen K, Rab\u00f8l A, Winkler K (1980) Total body and splanchnic thermogenesis in curarized man during a short exposure to cold. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 24:339\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1980.tb01560.x","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR863","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1957.0002","volume":"240","author":"PA Jewell","year":"1957","unstructured":"Jewell PA, Verney EB (1957) An experimental attempt to determine the site of the neurohypophysial and osmoreceptors in the dog. Philos Trans R Soc Ser B 240:197\u2013324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.1957.0002","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Ser B"},{"key":"5276_CR864","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.396.102","volume":"2","author":"G Johnson","year":"1868","unstructured":"Johnson G (1868) The pathology and treatment of sun-stroke. BMJ 2:102\u2013103","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR865","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s10739-014-9387-y","volume":"48","author":"A Johnson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Johnson A (2015) \u201cThey sweat for science\u201d: the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory and self-experimentation in American exercise physiology. J Hist Biol 48:425\u2013454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10739-014-9387-y","journal-title":"J Hist Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1976.41.6.826","volume":"41","author":"JM Johnson","year":"1976","unstructured":"Johnson JM, Brengelmann GL, Rowell LB (1976a) Interactions between local and reflex influences on human forearm skin blood flow. J Appl Physiol 41:826\u2013831. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1976.41.6.826","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR867","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00407.2010","volume":"109","author":"JM Johnson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Johnson JM, Kellogg DL (2010) Local thermal control of the human cutaneous circulation. J Appl Physiol 109:1229\u20131238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00407.2010","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63912-7.00011-4","volume":"156","author":"JM Johnson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Johnson JM, Kellogg DL (2018) Skin vasoconstriction as a heat conservation thermoeffector. Handb Clin Neurol 156:175\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-444-63912-7.00011-4","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"5276_CR869","volume-title":"The influence of tropical climates on european constitutions","author":"J Johnson","year":"1841","unstructured":"Johnson J, Martin JR (1841) The influence of tropical climates on european constitutions. S. Highley, London"},{"key":"5276_CR870","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c130015","volume":"4","author":"JM Johnson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Johnson JM, Minson CT, Kellogg DL (2014) Cutaneous vasodilator and vasoconstrictor mechanisms in temperature regulation. Compr Physiol 4:33\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c130015","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.53.3.744","volume":"53","author":"JM Johnson","year":"1982","unstructured":"Johnson JM, Park MK (1982) Effect of heat stress on cutaneous vascular responses to the initiation of exercise. J Appl Physiol 53:744\u2013749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1982.53.3.744","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1995.78.3.948","volume":"78","author":"JM Johnson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Johnson JM, P\u00e9rgola PE, Liao FK, Kellogg DL, Crandall CG (1995) Skin of the dorsal aspect of human hands and fingers possesses an active vasodilator system. J Appl Physiol 78:948\u2013954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1995.78.3.948","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR873","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1944.141.4.575","volume":"141","author":"RE Johnson","year":"1944","unstructured":"Johnson RE, Pitts GC, Consolazio FC (1944) Factors influencing chloride concentration in human sweat. Am J Physiol 141:575\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1944.141.4.575","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR874","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/262308a0","volume":"262","author":"M Johnson","year":"1976","unstructured":"Johnson M, Ross D, Meyers M, Rees R, Bunge R, Wakshull E, Burton H (1976b) Synaptic vesicle cytochemistry changes when cultured sympathetic neurones develop cholinergic interactions. Nature 262:308\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/262308a0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5276_CR875","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1975.39.6.920","volume":"39","author":"JM Johnson","year":"1975","unstructured":"Johnson JM, Rowell LB (1975) Forearm skin and muscle vascular responses to prolonged leg exercise in man. J Appl Physiol 39:920\u2013924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1975.39.6.920","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR876","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-198502010-00001","volume":"2","author":"SC Johnson","year":"1985","unstructured":"Johnson SC, Ruhling RO (1985) Aspirin in exercise-induced hyperthermia. Evidence for and against its role. Sports Med 2:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-198502010-00001","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR877","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00685.2015","volume":"120","author":"JS Johnson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Johnson JS, Sapkota A, Lay DC (2016) Rapid cooling after acute hyperthermia alters intestinal morphology and increases the systemic inflammatory response in pigs. J Appl Physiol 120:1249\u20131259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00685.2015","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR878","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1098\/rstl.1850.0004","volume":"140","author":"JP Joule","year":"1850","unstructured":"Joule JP (1850) On the mechanical equivalent of heat. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 140:61\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstl.1850.0004","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond"},{"key":"5276_CR879","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.143834","volume":"586","author":"MJ Joyner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Joyner MJ, Coyle EF (2008) Endurance exercise performance: the physiology of champions. J Physiol 586:35\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.143834","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"Supplement 4","key":"5276_CR880","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12598","volume":"25","author":"M Joyner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Joyner M, Kjaer M, Larsen PO (2015) The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre (CMRC) 1994\u20132004. Scand J Med Sci Sports 25(Supplement 4):22\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.12598","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"5276_CR881","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.7005\/JOSH.200709.0191","volume":"15","author":"YJ Juang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Juang YJ, Lin YC (2007) The effect of thermal factors on the measurement of wet bulb globe temperature. J Occup Saf Health 15:191\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7005\/JOSH.200709.0191","journal-title":"J Occup Saf Health"},{"key":"5276_CR882","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00253.2021","volume":"131","author":"BW Kaiser","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaiser BW, Kruse KEK, Gibson BM, Santisteban KJ, Larson EA, Wilkins BW, Jones AM, Halliwill JR, Minson CT (2021) The impact of elevated body core temperature on critical power as determined by a 3-min all-out test. J Appl Physiol 131:1543\u20131551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00253.2021","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.090530","volume":"568","author":"Y Kamijo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kamijo Y, Okumoto T, Takeno Y, Okazaki K, Inaki M, Masuki S, Nose H (2005) Transient cutaneous vasodilatation and hypotension after drinking in dehydrated and exercising men. J Physiol 568:689\u2013698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.090530","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR884","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(82)90157-8","volume":"28","author":"E Kamon","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kamon E, Soto K, Benson J (1982) Physiological responses to high radiant heat exposure. Environ Res 28:96\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0013-9351(82)90157-8","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"5276_CR885","first-page":"2572","volume":"47","author":"BM Kappes","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kappes BM, Lotze NA, Dean GO (1988) Infrared hand temperature measurements during the 1986 and 1987 330 km Iditaski Cross-Country Ski Race. Arctic Med Res 47(Supplement 1):2572\u20132660","journal-title":"Arctic Med Res"},{"key":"5276_CR886","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1944.142.1.140","volume":"142","author":"PV Karpovich","year":"1944","unstructured":"Karpovich PV, Millman N (1944) Energy expenditure in swimming. Am J Physiol 142:140\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1944.142.1.140","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR887","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbm.1978.0005","volume":"24","author":"B Katz","year":"1978","unstructured":"Katz B (1978) Archibald Vivian Hill, 26 September, 1886\u20133 June 1977. Biogr Mem Fellows R Soc 24:71\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbm.1978.0005","journal-title":"Biogr Mem Fellows R Soc"},{"key":"5276_CR888","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-022-04935-1","volume":"122","author":"A Katz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Katz A (2022) A century of exercise physiology: key concepts in regulation of glycogen metabolism in skeletal muscle. Eur J Appl Physiol 122:1751\u20131772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-022-04935-1","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR889","first-page":"1161","volume":"65","author":"WC Kaufman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kaufman WC (1994) Pharo Gagge and aeromedical research. Aviat Space Environ Med 65:1161","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR890","first-page":"131","volume":"48","author":"K Kauppinen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kauppinen K, Pajari-Backas M, Volin P, Vakkuri O (1989) Some endocrine responses to sauna, shower and ice water immersion. Arctic Med Res 48:131\u2013139","journal-title":"Arctic Med Res"},{"key":"5276_CR891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1080\/026404199365326","volume":"17","author":"D Kay","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kay D, Taaffe DR, Marino FE (1999) Whole-body pre-cooling and heat storage during self-paced cycling performance in warm humid conditions. J Sports Sci 17:937\u2013944. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/026404199365326","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR892","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Physiological and behavioral temperature regulation","author":"C Kayser","year":"1970","unstructured":"Kayser C (1970) The French contribution to the progress in thermoregulatory research. In: Hardy JD, Gagge AP, Stolwijk JAJ (eds) Physiological and behavioral temperature regulation. C.C. Thomas, Springfield, pp 11\u201321"},{"key":"5276_CR893","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2008.01277.x","volume":"12","author":"M Kearney","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kearney M, Porter W (2009) Mechanistic niche modelling: combining physiological and spatial data to predict species\u2019 ranges. Ecol Lett 12:334\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2008.01277.x","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"key":"5276_CR894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1111\/ecog.02360","volume":"40","author":"MR Kearney","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kearney MR, Porter WP (2017) NicheMapR - an R package for biophysical modelling: the microclimate model. Ecography 40:664\u2013674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ecog.02360","journal-title":"Ecography"},{"key":"5276_CR895","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/ecog.04680","volume":"43","author":"MR Kearney","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kearney MR, Porter WP (2020) NicheMapR\u2014an R package for biophysical modelling: the ectotherm and Dynamic Energy Budget models. Ecography 43:85\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ecog.04680","journal-title":"Ecography"},{"key":"5276_CR896","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1960.sp006526","volume":"153","author":"WR Keatinge","year":"1960","unstructured":"Keatinge WR (1960) The effect of subcutaneous fat and of previous exposure to cold on the body temperature, peripheral blood flow and metabolic rate of men in cold water. J Physiol 153:166\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1960.sp006526","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR78789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1961.sp006716","volume":"157","author":"WR Keatinge","year":"1961","unstructured":"Keatinge WR (1961) The effect of repeated daily exposure to cold and of improved physical fitness on the metabolic and vascular response to cold air. J Physiol 157:209\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1961.sp006716","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR897","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5477.1537","volume":"2","author":"WR Keatinge","year":"1965","unstructured":"Keatinge WR (1965) Death after shipwreck. BMJ 2:1537\u20131541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.2.5477.1537","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR898","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5650.185-b","volume":"2","author":"WR Keatinge","year":"1969","unstructured":"Keatinge WR (1969) Swimming in cold water. BMJ 2:185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.2.5650.185-b","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR899","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1136\/jrnms-58-171","volume":"58","author":"WR Keatinge","year":"1972","unstructured":"Keatinge WR (1972) Cold immersion and swimming. J R Nav Med Serv 58:171\u2013176","journal-title":"J R Nav Med Serv"},{"key":"5276_CR900","volume-title":"Survival in cold water: the physiology and treatment of immersion hypothermia and of drowning","author":"WR Keatinge","year":"1978","unstructured":"Keatinge WR (1978) Survival in cold water: the physiology and treatment of immersion hypothermia and of drowning. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford"},{"key":"5276_CR901","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.292.6514.171-a","volume":"292","author":"WR Keatinge","year":"1986","unstructured":"Keatinge WR (1986) Exceptional case of survival in cold water. BMJ 292:171\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.292.6514.171-a","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR902","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.302.6767.3","volume":"302","author":"WR Keatinge","year":"1991","unstructured":"Keatinge WR (1991) Hypothermia: dead or alive? BMJ 302:3\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.302.6767.3","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR903","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(60)92716-1","volume":"1","author":"WR Keatinge","year":"1960","unstructured":"Keatinge WR, Cannon P (1960) Freezing-point of human skin. Lancet 1:11\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(60)92716-1","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5276_CR904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.289.6456.1405","volume":"289","author":"WR Keatinge","year":"1984","unstructured":"Keatinge WR, Coleshaw SR, Cotter F, Mattock M, Murphy M, Chelliah R (1984) Increases in platelet and red cell counts, blood viscosity, and arterial pressure during mild surface cooling: factors in mortality from coronary and cerebral thrombosis in winter. BMJ 289:1405\u20131408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.289.6456.1405","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR905","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.35.5.352","volume":"35","author":"WR Keatinge","year":"2001","unstructured":"Keatinge WR, Khartchenko M, Lando N, Lioutov V (2001) Hypothermia during sports swimming in water below 11\u00a0\u00b0C. Br J Sports Med 35:352\u2013353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.35.5.352","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR906","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196410082711509","volume":"271","author":"LH Kedes","year":"1964","unstructured":"Kedes LH, Field JB (1964) Hypothermia, a clue to hypoglycemia. N Engl J Med 271:785\u2013787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM196410082711509","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5276_CR907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1080\/001075198181874","volume":"39","author":"RG Keesing","year":"1998","unstructured":"Keesing RG (1998) The history of Newton\u2019s apple tree. Contemp Phys 39:377\u2013391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/001075198181874","journal-title":"Contemp Phys"},{"key":"5276_CR908","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01071.2005","volume":"100","author":"DL Kellogg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kellogg DL (2006) In vivo mechanisms of cutaneous vasodilation and vasoconstriction in humans during thermoregulatory challenges. J Appl Physiol 100:1709\u20131718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01071.2005","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.71.6.2476","volume":"71","author":"DL Kellogg","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kellogg DL, Johnson JM, Kosiba WA (1991) Control of internal temperature threshold for active cutaneous vasodilation by dynamic exercise. J Appl Physiol 71:2476\u20132482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1991.71.6.2476","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR9090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.86.4.1185","volume":"86","author":"DL Kellogg","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kellogg DL, Liu Y, Kosiba IF, O\u2019Donnell D (1999) Role of nitric oxide in the vascular effects of local warming of the skin in humans. J  Appl Physiol 86:1185\u20131190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1999.86.4.1185","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR910","first-page":"189","volume":"46","author":"AJ Kendall","year":"1876","unstructured":"Kendall AJ, Luchsinger B (1876) Zur Theorie der Secretion en. Pfl\u00fcger\u2019s Arch 46:189\u2013212","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcger\u2019s Arch"},{"key":"5276_CR911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0844-6","volume":"48","author":"RW Kenefick","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kenefick RW (2018) Drinking strategies: planned drinking versus drinking to thirst. Sports Med 48:31\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-017-0844-6","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR912","unstructured":"Kennedy JF (1962) Commencement address at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 11 June 1962. https:\/\/www.jfklibrary.org\/asset-viewer\/archives\/JFKWHA\/1962\/JFKWHA-104\/JFKWHA-104 (Accessed: Sep 10th, 2021)"},{"key":"5276_CR913","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880140610","volume":"14","author":"RP Kennett","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kennett RP, Gilliatt RW (1991a) Nerve conduction studies in experimental non-freezing cold injury: I. Local Nerve Cooling. Muscle Nerve 14:553\u2013562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.880140610","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"5276_CR914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880141006","volume":"14","author":"RP Kennett","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kennett RP, Gilliatt RW (1991b) Nerve conduction studies in experimental non-freezing cold injury: II. Generalized nerve cooling by limb immersion. Muscle Nerve 14:960\u2013967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.880141006","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"5276_CR915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1249\/00003677-199700250-00005","volume":"25","author":"WL Kenney","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kenney WL (1997) Thermoregulation at rest and during exercise in healthy older adults. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 25:41\u201376","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR916","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198820020-00009","volume":"20","author":"WL Kenney","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kenney WL, Anderson RK (1988) Responses of older and younger women to exercise in dry and humid heat without fluid replacement. Med Sci Sports Exerc 20:155\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/00005768-198820020-00009","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR917","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2004.08.017","volume":"29","author":"WL Kenney","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kenney WL, DeGroot DW, Holowatz LA (2004) Extremes of human heat tolerance: life at the precipice of thermoregulatory failure. J Therm Biol 29:479\u2013485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2004.08.017","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR918","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1080\/15298669391354865","volume":"54","author":"WL Kenney","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kenney WL, Hyde DE, Bernard TE (1993) Physiological evaluation of liquid-barrier, vapor-permeable protective clothing ensembles for work in hot environments. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 54:397\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15298669391354865","journal-title":"Am Ind Hyg Assoc J"},{"key":"5276_CR919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-013-2652-5","volume":"114","author":"WL Kenney","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kenney WL, Stanhewicz AE, Bruning RS, Alexander LM (2014) Blood pressure regulation III: what happens when one system must serve two masters: temperature and pressure regulation? Eur J Appl Physiol 114:467\u2013479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-013-2652-5","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01040.2001","volume":"92","author":"WL Kenney","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kenney WL, Zeman MJ (2002) Psychrometric limits and critical evaporative coefficients for unacclimated men and women. J Appl Physiol 92:2256\u20132263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01040.2001","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR921","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2741\/3620","volume":"15","author":"GP Kenny","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kenny GP, Journeay WS (2010) Human thermoregulation: separating thermal and nonthermal effects on heat loss. Front Biosci 15:259\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2741\/3620","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"5276_CR922","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-27805-2_12","volume-title":"Exertional heat illness","author":"GP Kenny","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kenny GP, Notley SR, Flouris AD, Grundstein A (2020) Climate change and heat exposure: impact on health in occupational and general populations. In: Adams W, Jardine J (eds) Exertional heat illness. Springer, Champaign, pp 225\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-27805-2_12"},{"key":"5276_CR923","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01107.2002","volume":"94","author":"GP Kenny","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kenny GP, Reardon FD, Zaleski W, Reardon ML, Haman F, Ducharme MB (2003) Muscle temperature transients before, during, and after exercise measured using an intramuscular multisensor probe. J Appl Physiol 94:2350\u20132357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01107.2002","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2018.02.010","volume":"73","author":"ME Keramidas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Keramidas ME, K\u00f6leg\u00e5rd R, Eiken O (2018) In Shackleton\u2019s trails: central and local thermoadaptive modifications to cold and hypoxia after a man-hauling expedition on the Antarctic Plateau. J Therm Biol 73:80\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2018.02.010","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR925","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1374-1","volume":"109","author":"ME Keramidas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Keramidas ME, Musizza B, Kounalakis SN, Mekjavic IB (2010) Enhancement of the finger cold-induced vasodilation response with exercise training. Eur J Appl Physiol 109:133\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-010-1374-1","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR926","volume-title":"The stress of hot environments","author":"DM Kerslake","year":"1972","unstructured":"Kerslake DM (1972) The stress of hot environments. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"5276_CR927","first-page":"31","volume":"9","author":"DM Kerslake","year":"1950","unstructured":"Kerslake DM, Cooper KE (1950) Vasodilation in the hand in response to heating the skin elsewhere. Clin Sci 9:31\u201347","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR928","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477-74.9.1743","volume":"74","author":"E Kessler","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kessler E (1993) Wind chill errors. Bull Am Meteor Soc 74:1743\u20131744. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/1520-0477-74.9.1743","journal-title":"Bull Am Meteor Soc"},{"key":"5276_CR929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(71)90007-1","volume":"65","author":"M Kew","year":"1971","unstructured":"Kew M, Bersohn I, Seftel H (1971) The diagnostic and prognostic significance of the serum enzyme changes in heatstroke. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 65:325\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0035-9203(71)90007-1","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"5276_CR930","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(79)90370-9","volume":"43","author":"JD Key","year":"1979","unstructured":"Key JD, Keys TE, Callahan JA (1979) Historical development of concept of blood circulation. An anniversary memorial essay to William Harvey. Am J Cardiol 43:1026\u20131032. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9149(79)90370-9","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"5276_CR931","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1177\/096777209300100201","volume":"1","author":"M Keynes","year":"1993","unstructured":"Keynes M, Butterfield J (1993) Sir Clifford Allbutt: Physician and Regius Professor 1892\u20131925. J Med Biologr 1:67\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/096777209300100201","journal-title":"J Med Biologr"},{"key":"5276_CR932","volume-title":"Heat stroke and temperature regulation","year":"1983","unstructured":"Khogali M, Hales JRS (eds) (1983) Heat stroke and temperature regulation. Academic Press, Sydney"},{"key":"5276_CR933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h418","volume":"350","author":"JK Kieboom","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kieboom JK, Verkade HJ, Burgerhof JG, Bierens JJ, Rheenen PF, Kneyber MC, Albers MJ (2015) Outcome after resuscitation beyond 30 minutes in drowned children with cardiac arrest and hypothermia: Dutch nationwide retrospective cohort study. Br Med J 350:h418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.h418","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"5276_CR934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2015.01.012","volume":"5","author":"J Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim J, Lee J, Kim S, Ryu HY, Cha KS, Sung DJ (2016) Exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis mechanisms and prevention: a literature review. J Sport Health Sci 5:324\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jshs.2015.01.012","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2011.02336.x","volume":"2203","author":"BRM Kingma","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kingma BRM, Frijns AJH, Saris WHM, Van Steenhoven AA, van Marken Lichtenbelt WD (2011) Increased systolic blood pressure after mild cold and rewarming: relation to cold-induced thermogenesis and age. Acta Physiol 2203:419\u2013427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2011.02336.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR936","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.059535","volume":"45","author":"C Kipps","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kipps C, Sharma S, Pedoe DT (2011) The incidence of exercise-associated hyponatraemia in the London Marathon. Br J Sports Med 45:14\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.2009.059535","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR937","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1967.22.2.292","volume":"22","author":"K Klausen","year":"1967","unstructured":"Klausen K, Dill DB, Phillips EE, McGregor D (1967) Metabolic reactions to work in the desert. J Appl Physiol 22:292\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1967.22.2.292","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR938","volume-title":"The fire of life: an introduction to animal energetics","author":"M Kleiber","year":"1961","unstructured":"Kleiber M (1961) The fire of life: an introduction to animal energetics. John Wiley & Sons, New York"},{"key":"5276_CR939","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55090537","volume":"55","author":"B Knechtle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Knechtle B, Chl\u00edbkov\u00e1 D, Papadopoulou S, Mantzorou M, Rosemann T, Nikolaidis PT (2019) Exercise-associated hyponatremia in endurance and ultra-endurance performance-aspects of sex, race location, ambient temperature, sports discipline, and length of performance: a narrative review. Medicina 55:537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina55090537","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"5276_CR940","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-009-0427-0","volume":"178","author":"B Knechtle","year":"2009","unstructured":"Knechtle B, Christinger N, Kohler G, Knechtle P, Rosemann T (2009) Swimming in ice cold water. Ir J Med Sci 178:507\u2013511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11845-009-0427-0","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR941","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1729-7","volume":"111","author":"B Knechtle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Knechtle B, Knechtle P, Rosemann T (2011) Low prevalence of exercise-associated hyponatremia in male 100 km ultra-marathon runners in Switzerland. Eur J Appl Physiol 111:1007\u20131016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-010-1729-7","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-015-0014-9","volume":"7","author":"B Knechtle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Knechtle B, Rosemann T, R\u00fcst CA (2015) Ice swimming - \u2018Ice Mile\u2019 and \u20181 km Ice event.\u2019 BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 7:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13102-015-0014-9","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"},{"key":"5276_CR943","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002690","volume":"35","author":"B Knechtle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Knechtle B, Stjepanovic M, Knechtle C, Rosemann T, Sousa CV, Nikolaidis PT (2021) Physiological responses to swimming repetitive \u201cIce Miles.\u201d J Strength Cond Res 35:487\u2013494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002690","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"5276_CR944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8984","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17238984","volume":"17","author":"B Knechtle","year":"2020","unstructured":"Knechtle B, Wa\u015bkiewicz Z, Sousa CV, Hill L, Nikolaidis PT (2020) Cold water swimming\u2014benefits and risks: a narrative review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17:8984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17238984","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"5276_CR945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.19.5.478","volume":"19","author":"CS Ko","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ko CS, Alex J, Jeffries S, Parmar JM (2002) Dead? Or just cold: profoundly hypothermic patient with no signs of life. Emerg Med J 19:478\u2013479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/emj.19.5.478","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"5276_CR946","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4572(81)80015-8","volume":"2","author":"A Kolanowski","year":"1981","unstructured":"Kolanowski A, Gunter L (1981) Hypothermia in the elderly. Geriatr Nurs 2:362\u2013365","journal-title":"Geriatr Nurs"},{"key":"5276_CR947","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01553623","volume":"16","author":"J Kollias","year":"1972","unstructured":"Kollias J, Boileau R, Buskirk ER (1972) Effects of physical conditioning in man on thermal responses to cold air. Int J Biometeorol 16:389\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01553623","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"5276_CR948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1511-x","volume":"110","author":"N Kondo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kondo N, Nishiyasu T, Inoue Y, Koga S (2010) Non-thermal modification of heat-loss responses during exercise in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 110:447\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-010-1511-x","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1925.02200120075007","volume":"13","author":"K Kornblum","year":"1925","unstructured":"Kornblum K (1925) A clinical and experimental study of hyperthermia. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 13:754\u2013766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1925.02200120075007","journal-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5276_CR950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2004.08.019","volume":"29","author":"M Kosaka","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kosaka M, Yamane M, Ogai R, Kato T, Ohnishi N, Simon E (2004) Human body temperature regulation in extremely stressful environment: epidemiology and pathophysiology of heat stroke. J Therm Biol 29:495\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2004.08.019","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR951","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-014-0086-7","volume":"23","author":"S Kosi\u00f1ski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kosi\u00f1ski S, Darocha T, Galazkowski R, Drwila R (2015) Accidental hypothermia in Poland\u2014estimation of prevalence, diagnostic methods and treatment. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 23:13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13049-014-0086-7","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"key":"5276_CR952","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1985.59.3.766","volume":"59","author":"S Koz\u0142owski","year":"1985","unstructured":"Koz\u0142owski S, Brzezi\u0144ska Z, Kruk B, Kaciuba-U\u015bci\u0142ko H, Greenleaf JE, Nazar K (1985) Exercise hyperthermia as a factor limiting physical performance: temperature effect on muscle metabolism. J Appl Physiol 59:766\u2013773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1985.59.3.766","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1964.19.6.1119","volume":"19","author":"S Kozlowski","year":"1964","unstructured":"Kozlowski S, Saltin B (1964) Effect of sweat loss on body fluids. J Appl Physiol 19:1119\u20131124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1964.19.6.1119","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR954","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6_13","volume-title":"Thermal physiology: a worldwide history perspectives in physiology","author":"TV Kozyreva","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kozyreva TV (2022) Development of research on thermoregulatory system in Russia. In: Blatteis CM, Taylor NAS, Mitchell D (eds) Thermal physiology: a worldwide history perspectives in physiology. Springer, New York, pp 597\u2013619. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6_13"},{"key":"5276_CR955","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/346265a0","volume":"346","author":"R Kram","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kram R, Taylor CR (1990) Energetics of running: a new perspective. Nature 346:265\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/346265a0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5276_CR956","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Krasney JA (1996) Head-out water immersion: animal studies. Comprehensive physiology. Supplement 14: Handbook of Physiology, Environmental Physiology. pp 855\u2013887. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.cp040238","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.cp040238"},{"key":"5276_CR957","first-page":"401","volume-title":"Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise","author":"JA Krasney","year":"2008","unstructured":"Krasney JA, Pendergast DR (2008) The physiology of water immersion. In: Taylor NAS, Groeller H (eds) Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Edinburgh, pp 401\u2013411"},{"key":"5276_CR958","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-004-1005-1","volume":"14","author":"CTP Krediet","year":"2004","unstructured":"Krediet CTP, Wilde AA, Wieling W, Halliwill JR (2004) Exercise related syncope, when it\u2019s not the heart. Clin Auton Res 14:25\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10286-004-1005-1","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"5276_CR959","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1959.14.1.43","volume":"14","author":"MB Kreider","year":"1959","unstructured":"Kreider MB, Iampietro PF, Buskirk ER, Bass DE (1959) Effect of continuous cold exposure on nocturnal body temperatures of man. J Appl Physiol 14:43\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1959.14.1.43","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR960","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1939.0158","volume":"173","author":"LJ Krige","year":"1939","unstructured":"Krige LJ (1939) Borehole temperatures in the Transvaal and Orange Free State. Proc R Soc Lond Ser A 173:450\u2013474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspa.1939.0158","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond Ser A"},{"key":"5276_CR961","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1913.sp001616","volume":"47","author":"A Krogh","year":"1913","unstructured":"Krogh A, Lindhard J (1913) The regulation of respiration and circulation during the initial stages of muscular work. J Physiol 47:112\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1913.sp001616","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR962","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1002\/actp.1983.010340906","volume":"34","author":"R Kubica","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kubica R, Nielsen B, Bonnesen A, Rasmussen IB, Stok\u0142osa J, Wilk B (1983) Relationship between plasma volume reduction and plasma electrolyte changes after prolonged bicycle exercise, passive heating and diuretic dehydration. Acta Physiol Pol 34:569\u2013579","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Pol"},{"key":"5276_CR963","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1970.29.5.750","volume":"29","author":"LA Kuehn","year":"1970","unstructured":"Kuehn LA, Stubbs RA, Weaver RS (1970) Theory of the globe thermometer. J Appl Physiol 29:750\u2013757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1970.29.5.750","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR964","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI101038","volume":"18","author":"P Kunkel","year":"1939","unstructured":"Kunkel P, Stead EA, Weiss S (1939) Blood flow and vasomotor reactions in the hand, forearm, foot and calf in response to physical and chemical stimuli. J Clin Investig 18:225\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI101038","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"5276_CR965","volume-title":"The physiology of human perspiration","author":"Y Kuno","year":"1934","unstructured":"Kuno Y (1934) The physiology of human perspiration. J. & A. Churchill, London"},{"key":"5276_CR966","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)62410-8","volume":"1","author":"Y Kuno","year":"1938","unstructured":"Kuno Y (1938) Variations in secretory activity of human sweat glands. Lancet 1:299\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)62410-8","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5276_CR967","volume-title":"Human perspiration","author":"Y Kuno","year":"1956","unstructured":"Kuno Y (1956) Human perspiration. C.C. Thomas, Springfield"},{"key":"5276_CR968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-004-1207-1","volume":"93","author":"Y Kurazumi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kurazumi Y, Tsuchikawa T, Matsubara N, Horikoshi T (2004) Convective heat transfer area of the human body. Eur J Appl Physiol 93:273\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-004-1207-1","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR969","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2007.12.012","volume":"43","author":"Y Kurazumi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kurazumi Y, Tsuchikawa T, Ishii J, Fukagawa K, Yamato Y, Matsubara N (2008a) Radiative and convective heat transfer coefficients of the human body in natural convection. Build Environ 43:2142\u20132153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.buildenv.2007.12.012","journal-title":"Build Environ"},{"key":"5276_CR970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2007.09.001","volume":"43","author":"Y Kurazumi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kurazumi Y, Tsuchikawa T, Matsubara N, Horikoshi T (2008b) Effect of posture on the heat transfer areas of the human body. Build Environ 43:1555\u20131565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.buildenv.2007.09.001","journal-title":"Build Environ"},{"key":"5276_CR971","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.4172\/2165-7556.1000126","volume":"4","author":"Y Kurazumi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kurazumi Y, Rezgals L, Melikov AK (2014) Convective heat transfer coefficients of the human body under forced convection from ceiling. J Ergon 4:126\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2165-7556.1000126","journal-title":"J Ergon"},{"key":"5276_CR972","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/44.3.417","volume":"44","author":"RF Kushner","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kushner RF, Schoeller DA (1986) Estimation of total body water by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 44:417\u2013424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/44.3.417","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"5276_CR973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-583X(99)01196-9","volume":"164\u2013165","author":"W Kutschera","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kutschera W, Rom W (2000) Otzi, the prehistoric Iceman. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect B 164\u2013165:12\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0168-583X(99)01196-9","journal-title":"Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect B"},{"key":"5276_CR974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(39)90878-1","volume":"18","author":"WF Kvale","year":"1939","unstructured":"Kvale WF, Allen EV (1939) The rate of the circulation in the arteries and veins of man: III. The influence of temperature of the skin, digestion, posture, and exercise. Am Heart J 18:546\u2013556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0002-8703(39)90878-1","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"5276_CR975","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00109.2001","volume":"92","author":"HP Laburn","year":"2002","unstructured":"Laburn HP, Faurie A, Goelst K, Mitchell D (2002) Effects on fetal and maternal body temperatures of exposure of pregnant ewes to heat, cold, and exercise. J Appl Physiol 92:802\u2013808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00109.2001","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071905","volume":"3","author":"WSS Ladell","year":"1945","unstructured":"Ladell WSS (1945) Thermal sweating. Br Med Bull 3:175\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071905","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"5276_CR977","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1955.sp005235","volume":"127","author":"WSS Ladell","year":"1955","unstructured":"Ladell WSS (1955) The effects of water and salt intake upon the performance of men working in hot and humid environments. J Physiol 127:11\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1955.sp005235","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR978","unstructured":"Ladell WSS (1958\/59) Life in a hot climate. Trans Med Soc Lond 75:1\u20137"},{"key":"5276_CR979","first-page":"523","volume":"78","author":"GD Laden","year":"2007","unstructured":"Laden GD, Purdy G, O\u2019Rielly G (2007) Cold injury to a diver\u2019s hand after a 90-min dive in 6 degrees C water. Aviat Space Environ Med 78:523\u2013525","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR980","volume-title":"Physiology of Bodily Exercise","author":"F Lagrange","year":"1889","unstructured":"Lagrange F (1889) Physiology of Bodily Exercise. Kegan, Paul Trench and Company, London"},{"key":"5276_CR981","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00452.2019","volume":"127","author":"O Laitano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Laitano O, Leon LR, Roberts WO, Sawka MN (2019) Controversies in exertional heat stroke diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. J Appl Physiol 127:1338\u20131348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00452.2019","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR982","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.1999.01039.x","volume":"86","author":"M Lamah","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lamah M, Mortimer PS, Dormandy JA (1999) Quantitative study of capillary density in the skin of the foot in peripheral vascular disease. Br J Surg 86:342\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2168.1999.01039.x","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"5276_CR983","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000533","volume":"47","author":"DT Lamarche","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lamarche DT, Meade RD, McGinn R, Poirier MP, Friesen BJ, Kenny GP (2015) Temperature of ingested water during exercise does not affect body heat storage. Med Sci Sports Exerc 47:1272\u20131280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000533","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR984","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-198603040-00003","volume":"3","author":"DR Lamb","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lamb DR, Brodowicz GR (1986) Optimal use of fluids of varying formulations to minimise exercise-induced disturbances in homeostasis. Sports Med 3:247\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-198603040-00003","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR985","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-972807","volume":"17","author":"GP Lambert","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lambert GP, Chang RT, Joensen D, Shi X, Summers RW, Schedl HP, Gisolfi CV (1996) Simultaneous determination of gastric emptying and intestinal absorption during cycle exercise in humans. Int J Sports Med 17:48\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2007-972807","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1159\/000151553","volume":"53","author":"MI Lambert","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lambert MI, Mann T, Dugas JP (2008) Ethnicity and temperature regulation. Med Sport Sci 53:104\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000151553","journal-title":"Med Sport Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR987","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4220","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.73.11.4220","volume":"73","author":"SC Landis","year":"1976","unstructured":"Landis SC (1976) Rat sympathetic neurons and cardiac myocytes developing in microcultures: correlation of the fine structure of endings with neurotransmitter function in single neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 73:4220\u20134224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.73.11.4220","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"5276_CR988","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(90)90147-3","volume":"13","author":"SC Landis","year":"1990","unstructured":"Landis SC (1990) Target regulation of neurotransmitter phenotype. Trends Neurosci 13:344\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0166-2236(90)90147-3","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"5276_CR989","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(83)90365-2","volume":"98","author":"SC Landis","year":"1983","unstructured":"Landis SC, Keefe D (1983) Evidence for neurotransmitter plasticity in vivo: developmental changes in properties of cholinergic sympathetic neurons. Dev Biol 98:349\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0012-1606(83)90365-2","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1891.sp000388","volume":"12","author":"JN Langley","year":"1891","unstructured":"Langley JN (1891) On the course and connections of the secretory fibres supplying the sweat glands of the feet of the cat. J Physiol 12:347\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1891.sp000388","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1894.sp000533","volume":"17","author":"JN Langley","year":"1894","unstructured":"Langley JN (1894) Further observations on the secretory and vaso-motor fibres of the foot of the cat, with notes on other sympathetic nerve fibres. J Physiol 17:296\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1894.sp000533","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR992","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1905.sp001128","volume":"33","author":"JN Langley","year":"1905","unstructured":"Langley JN (1905) On the reaction of cells and of nerve-endings to certain poisons, chiefly as regards the reaction of striated muscle to nicotine and to curari. J Physiol 33:374\u2013413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1905.sp001128","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1906.0056","volume":"78","author":"JN Langley","year":"1906","unstructured":"Langley JN (1906) On nerve endings and on special excitable substances in cells. Proc R Soc Lond 78:170\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.1906.0056","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond"},{"key":"5276_CR994","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385157-4.00865-4","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of the neurological sciences","author":"DJ Lanska","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lanska DJ (2014) Eijkman, Christiaan. In: Aminoff MJ, Daroff RB (eds) Encyclopedia of the neurological sciences, 2nd edn. Academic Press, New York, pp 1077\u20131079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-385157-4.00865-4","edition":"2"},{"key":"5276_CR995","unstructured":"Larrey D-J (1832) Surgical Memoirs of the Campaigns of Russia, Germany, and France. Translated by Mercer, J.C. Carey and Lea, Philadelphia"},{"key":"5276_CR996","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2021.110931","volume":"256","author":"EH Larsen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Larsen EH, Hoffmann E, Hedrick MS, Wang T (2021) August Krogh\u2019s contribution to the rise of physiology during the first half the twentieth century. Comp Biochem Physiol Part A 256:110931. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpa.2021.110931","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol Part A"},{"key":"5276_CR997","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/s0278-5919(05)70165-4","volume":"18","author":"WA Latzka","year":"1999","unstructured":"Latzka WA, Montain SJ (1999) Water and electrolyte requirements for exercise. Clin Sports Med 18:513\u2013524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0278-5919(05)70165-4","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1951.03670300015004","volume":"147","author":"H Laufman","year":"1951","unstructured":"Laufman H (1951) Profound accidental hypothermia. J Am Med Assoc 147:1201\u20131212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1951.03670300015004","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"5276_CR999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.022426","volume":"40","author":"PB Laursen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Laursen PB, Suriano R, Quod MJ, Lee H, Abbiss CR, Nosaka K, Martin DT, Bishop D (2006) Core temperature and hydration status during an Ironman triathlon. Br J Sports Med 40:320\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.2005.022426","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-198603030-00002","volume":"3","author":"JM Lavoie","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lavoie JM, Montpetit RR (1986) Applied physiology of swimming. Sports Med 3:165\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-198603030-00002","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s42461-020-00324-4","volume":"38","author":"P Lazaro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lazaro P, Momayez M (2021) Heat stress in hot underground mines: a brief literature review. Min Metall Explor 38:497\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42461-020-00324-4","journal-title":"Min Metall Explor"},{"key":"5276_CR1002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1956.9.1.62","volume":"9","author":"JS LeBlanc","year":"1956","unstructured":"LeBlanc JS (1956) Impairment of manual dexterity in the cold. J Appl Physiol 9:62\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1956.9.1.62","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1003","volume-title":"Man in the cold","author":"J LeBlanc","year":"1975","unstructured":"LeBlanc J (1975) Man in the cold. Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield"},{"key":"5276_CR1004","first-page":"197","volume-title":"Man in stressful environments: thermal and work physiology","author":"J LeBlanc","year":"1987","unstructured":"LeBlanc J (1987) Thermoregulation during rest and exercise in the cold. In: Shiraki K, Yousef MK (eds) Man in stressful environments: thermal and work physiology. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, pp 197\u2013210"},{"key":"5276_CR1005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1960.15.6.1031","volume":"15","author":"J LeBlanc","year":"1960","unstructured":"LeBlanc J, Hildes JA, Heroux O (1960) Tolerance of Gasp\u00e9 fishermen to cold water. J Appl Physiol 15:1031\u20131034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1960.15.6.1031","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3181da53ea","volume":"20","author":"DK Lebus","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lebus DK, Casazza GA, Hoffman MD, Van Loan MD (2010) Can changes in body mass and total body water accurately predict hyponatremia after a 161-km running race? Clin J Sport Med 20:193\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3181da53ea","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1007","first-page":"26","volume":"14","author":"S Leclerc","year":"2000","unstructured":"Leclerc S, Lacroix VJ, Montgomery DL (2000) Body temperature homeostasis during a 40-km open water swim. J Swim Res 14:26\u201332","journal-title":"J Swim Res"},{"key":"5276_CR1008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2.11.863","volume":"2","author":"FS Lee","year":"1912","unstructured":"Lee FS (1912) The effects of temperature and humidity on fatigue. Am J Public Health 2:863\u2013870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2.11.863","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"5276_CR1009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.10.030148.002053","volume":"10","author":"DHK Lee","year":"1948","unstructured":"Lee DHK (1948) Heat and cold. Annu Rev Physiol 10:365\u2013386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.ph.10.030148.002053","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1010","unstructured":"Lee DHK (1964) Terrestrial animals in dry heat: man in the desert. In: Dill DB and Adolph EF (eds) Handbook of Physiology. Set ion 4. Adaptation to the environment. American Physiological Society, Washington, pp 551\u2013582"},{"key":"5276_CR1011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(80)90146-2","volume":"22","author":"DHK Lee","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lee DHK (1980) Seventy-five years of searching for a heat index. Environ Res 22:331\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0013-9351(80)90146-2","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"5276_CR1012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2017.1313441","volume":"36","author":"BJ Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee BJ, Clarke ND, Hankey J, Thake CD (2018) Whole body precooling attenuates the extracellular HSP72, IL-6 and IL-10 responses after an acute bout of running in the heat. J Sports Sci 36:414\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640414.2017.1313441","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"Supplement 11","key":"5276_CR1013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S77","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001086","volume":"29","author":"JKW Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee JKW, Kenefick RW, Cheuvront SN (2015) Novel cooling strategies for military training and operations. J Strength Cond Res 29(Supplement 11):S77\u2013S81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001086","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"5276_CR1014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1935.sp003277","volume":"84","author":"DHK Lee","year":"1935","unstructured":"Lee DHK, Mulder AG (1935a) Some immediate physiological effects of reduced cooling powers on human subjects. J Physiol 84:279\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1935.sp003277","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1935.sp003290","volume":"84","author":"DHK Lee","year":"1935","unstructured":"Lee DHK, Mulder AG (1935b) Some immediate effects of reduced cooling powers upon the water balance and related effects in the human subject. J Physiol 84:410\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1935.sp003290","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1405-y","volume":"109","author":"JK Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee JK, Nio AQ, Lim CL, Teo EY, Byrne C (2010) Thermoregulation, pacing and fluid balance during mass participation distance running in a warm and humid environment. Eur J Appl Physiol 109:887\u2013898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-010-1405-y","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-017-1308-2","volume":"61","author":"J-Y Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee J-Y, Park J, Koh E, Cha S (2017) Finger cold-induced vasodilation of older Korean female divers, haenyeo: effects of chronic cold exposure and aging. Int J Biometeorol 61:1299\u20131307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-017-1308-2","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"5276_CR1018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1916.40.3.486","volume":"40","author":"FS Lee","year":"1916","unstructured":"Lee FS, Scott EL (1916) The action of temperature and humidity on the working power of muscles and on the sugar of the blood. Am J Physiol 40:486\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1916.40.3.486","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318178465d","volume":"40","author":"JKW Lee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lee JKW, Shirreffs SM, Maughan RJ (2008) Cold drink ingestion improves exercise endurance capacity in the heat. Med Sci Sports Exerc 40:1637\u20131644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318178465d","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR1020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198010000-00010","volume":"73","author":"DE Lees","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lees DE, Kim YD, Macnamara TE (1980) Noninvasive determination of core temperature during anesthesia. South Med J 73:1322\u20131324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007611-198010000-00010","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"5276_CR1021","first-page":"502","volume":"115","author":"WR LeFanu","year":"1971","unstructured":"LeFanu WR (1971) The versatile Nehemiah Grew. Proc Am Philos Soc 115:502\u2013506","journal-title":"Proc Am Philos Soc"},{"key":"5276_CR1022","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"J Lef\u00e8vre","year":"1898","unstructured":"Lef\u00e8vre J (1898) Influence des r\u00e9frig\u00e9rations sur la topographie et la marche des temperatures. R\u00e9sistance thermog\u00e9n\u00e9tique de l\u2019organisme humain. Archives De Physiologie Normale Et Pathologique 10:1\u201316","journal-title":"Archives De Physiologie Normale Et Pathologique"},{"key":"5276_CR1023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1051\/jphystap:0190100100038001","volume":"10","author":"J Lef\u00e8vre","year":"1901","unstructured":"Lef\u00e8vre J (1901) Reserches sur la conductabilit\u00e9 de la peau de l\u2019organisme vivant et sur ses variations en fonction de la temp\u00e9rature ext\u00e9rieure. \u00c9tude Sur L\u2019homme. Journal De Physique 10:380\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/jphystap:0190100100038001","journal-title":"Journal De Physique"},{"key":"5276_CR1024","volume-title":"Chaleu Amimale et Bio\u00e9nerg\u00e9tique","author":"J Lef\u00e8vre","year":"1911","unstructured":"Lef\u00e8vre J (1911) Chaleu Amimale et Bio\u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. Masson et Cie, Paris"},{"key":"5276_CR1025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-020-04322-8","volume":"120","author":"T-H Lei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lei T-H, Schlader ZJ, Muhamed AMC, Zheng H, Stannard SR, Kondo N, Cotter JD, M\u00fcndel T (2020) Differences in dry-bulb temperature do not influence moderate-duration exercise performance in warm environments when vapor pressure is equivalent. Eur J Appl Physiol 120:841\u2013852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-020-04322-8","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-194608000-00016","volume":"124","author":"OC Leigh","year":"1946","unstructured":"Leigh OC (1946) A report on trench foot and cold injuries in the European Theater of Operations, 1944\u20131945. Ann Surg 124:301\u2013313","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"5276_CR1027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.MS1352","volume":"50","author":"B Lemke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lemke B, Kjellstrom T (2012) Calculating workplace WBGT from meteorological data: a tool for climate change assessment. Ind Health 50:267\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2486\/indhealth.MS1352","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"key":"5276_CR1028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c140017","volume":"5","author":"LR Leon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leon LR, Bouchama A (2015) Heat stroke. Compr Physiol 5:611\u2013647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c140017","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6_4","volume-title":"Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in physiology","author":"J Lepp\u00e4luoto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lepp\u00e4luoto J, Hirvonen J, Hohtola E, Huttunen P, Rintam\u00e4ki H, Hassi J (2022) Not only winter, not only cold: history of thermal physiology in Finland. In: Blatteis CM, Taylor NAS, Mitchell D (eds) Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in physiology. Springer, New York, pp 201\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6_4"},{"key":"5276_CR1030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-201X.2005.01464.x","volume":"184","author":"J Lepp\u00e4luoto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lepp\u00e4luoto J, P\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00f6nen T, Korhonen I, Hassi J (2005) Pituitary and autonomic responses to cold exposures in man. Acta Physiol Scand 184:255\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-201X.2005.01464.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR1031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-185901000-00002","volume":"37","author":"JJ Levick","year":"1859","unstructured":"Levick JJ (1859) Remarks on sunstroke. Am J Med Sci 37:40\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000441-185901000-00002","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S82","DOI":"10.1053\/beem.2002.0227","volume":"62","author":"JA Levine","year":"2004","unstructured":"Levine JA (2004) Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT). Nutr Rev 62:S82\u2013S97. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/beem.2002.0227","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR1033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1924.02650480034015","volume":"82","author":"SA Levine","year":"1924","unstructured":"Levine SA, Gordon B, Derick CL (1924) Some changes in the constituents of the blood following a marathon race with special reference to the development of hypoglycemia. J Am Med Assoc 82:1778\u20131779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1924.02650480034015","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"5276_CR1034","first-page":"177","volume":"15","author":"T Lewis","year":"1930","unstructured":"Lewis T (1930) Observations upon the reactions of the vessels of the human skin to cold. Heart 15:177\u2013208","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"5276_CR1035","first-page":"73","volume":"12","author":"T Lewis","year":"1925","unstructured":"Lewis T, Grant RT (1925) Observations upon reactive hyperaemia in man. Heart 12:73\u2013120","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"5276_CR1036","first-page":"151","volume":"15","author":"T Lewis","year":"1929","unstructured":"Lewis T, Landis EM (1929) Some physiological effects of sympathetic ganglionectomy in the human being and its effect in a case of Raynaud\u2019s disease. Heart 15:151\u2013176","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"5276_CR1037","first-page":"27","volume":"13","author":"T Lewis","year":"1926","unstructured":"Lewis T, Love WS (1926) Vascular reactions of skin to injury. Part III. Some effects of freezing, of cooling and of warming. Heart 13:27\u201360","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"5276_CR1038","first-page":"33","volume":"16","author":"T Lewis","year":"1931","unstructured":"Lewis T, Pickering GW (1931) Vasodilatation in the limbs in response to warming the body; with evidence for sympathetic vasodilator nerves in man. Heart 16:33\u201351","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"5276_CR1039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0537","volume":"116","author":"D Leyk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leyk D, Hoitz J, Becker C, Glitz KJ, Nestler K, Piekarski C (2019) Health risks and interventions in exertional heat stress. Dtsch Arztebl Int 116:537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0537","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"5276_CR1040","volume-title":"CRC handbook of chemistry and physics","author":"DR Lide","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lide DR (1997) CRC handbook of chemistry and physics. CRC Press, Boca Raton"},{"key":"5276_CR1041","first-page":"367","volume":"51","author":"IM Light","year":"1980","unstructured":"Light IM, Norman JN (1980) The thermal properties of a survival bag incorporating metallised plastic sheeting. Aviat Space Environ Med 51:367\u2013370","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1920.tb00732.x","volume":"39","author":"G Liljestrand","year":"1920","unstructured":"Liljestrand G, Lindhard J (1920a) \u00dcber das Minutenvolumen des Herzens beim Schwimmen. Skandinavisches Archiv F\u00fcr Physiologie 39:64\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1920.tb00732.x","journal-title":"Skandinavisches Archiv F\u00fcr Physiologie"},{"key":"5276_CR1043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1920.tb00737.x","volume":"39","author":"G Liljestrand","year":"1920","unstructured":"Liljestrand G, Lindhard J (1920b) Zur Physiologie des Ruderns. Skandinavisches Archiv F\u00fcr Physiologie 39:215\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1920.tb00737.x","journal-title":"Skandinavisches Archiv F\u00fcr Physiologie"},{"key":"5276_CR1044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1920.tb00731.x","volume":"39","author":"G Liljestrand","year":"1920","unstructured":"Liljestrand G, Stenstr\u00f6m N (1920a) Studien \u00fcber die Physiologie des Schwimmens. Skandinavisches Archiv F\u00fcr Physiologie 39:1\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1920.tb00731.x","journal-title":"Skandinavisches Archiv F\u00fcr Physiologie"},{"key":"5276_CR1045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1920.tb00735.x","volume":"39","author":"G Liljestrand","year":"1920","unstructured":"Liljestrand G, Stenstr\u00f6m N (1920b) Respirationsversuche beim Gehen, Laufen, Ski- und Schlittschuhlaufen. Skandinavisches Archiv F\u00fcr Physiologie 39:167\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1920.tb00735.x","journal-title":"Skandinavisches Archiv F\u00fcr Physiologie"},{"key":"5276_CR1046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1920.tb00736.x","volume":"39","author":"G Liljestrand","year":"1920","unstructured":"Liljestrand G, Stenstr\u00f6m N (1920c) Blutdruck und Pulsfrequenz beim Gehen und Laufen auf horizontaler Bahn. Skandinavisches Archiv F\u00fcr Physiologie 39:207\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1920.tb00736.x","journal-title":"Skandinavisches Archiv F\u00fcr Physiologie"},{"key":"5276_CR1047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-198805010-00004","volume":"5","author":"Y-C Lin","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lin Y-C (1988) Applied physiology of diving. Sports Med 5:41\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-198805010-00004","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1048","volume-title":"An essay on diseases incidental to europeans in hot climates","author":"J Lind","year":"1771","unstructured":"Lind J (1771) An essay on diseases incidental to europeans in hot climates. Becket and De Hondt, London"},{"key":"5276_CR1049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1963.18.1.51","volume":"18","author":"AR Lind","year":"1963","unstructured":"Lind AR (1963) A physiological criterion for setting thermal environmental limits for everyday work. J Appl Physiol 18:51\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1963.18.1.51","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.12.4.296","volume":"12","author":"AR Lind","year":"1955","unstructured":"Lind AR, Hellon RF, Weiner JS, Jones RM (1955) Tolerance of men to work in hot, saturated environments with reference to mines rescue operations. Br J Ind Med 12:296\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.12.4.296","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(90)90141-5","volume":"30","author":"LE Lindblad","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lindblad LE, Ekenvall L, Klingstedt C (1990) Neural regulation of vascular tone and cold induced vasoconstriction in human finger skin. J Auton Nerv Syst 30:169\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0165-1838(90)90141-5","journal-title":"J Auton Nerv Syst"},{"key":"5276_CR1052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01681245","volume":"161","author":"J Lindhard","year":"1915","unstructured":"Lindhard J (1915) \u00dcber das Minutenvolum des Herzens bei Ruhe und bei Muskelarbeit. Pfl\u00fcgers Arch 161:233\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01681245","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch"},{"key":"5276_CR1053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-021-04873-4","volume":"122","author":"MI Lindinger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lindinger MI, Ward SA (2022) A century of exercise physiology: key concepts in \u2026. Eur J Appl Physiol 122:1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-021-04873-4","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1128631","volume":"39","author":"A Lippmann","year":"1913","unstructured":"Lippmann A (1913) Ergebnisse vergleichender Untersuchungen von Achsel-und Rektumtemperatu nach einem gro\u00dfen Marsche. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 39:1496\u20131497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0028-1128631","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"5276_CR1055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.10.030148.002131","volume":"10","author":"CF List","year":"1948","unstructured":"List CF (1948) Physiology of sweating. Annu Rev Physiol 10:387\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.ph.10.030148.002131","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1938.02270060118005","volume":"38","author":"CF List","year":"1938","unstructured":"List CF, Peet MM (1938) Sweat secretion in man. I. Sweating responses in normal persons. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 38:1228\u20131237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1938.02270060118005","journal-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5276_CR1057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22164","volume":"149","author":"MA Little","year":"2012","unstructured":"Little MA, Collins KJ (2012) Joseph S. Weiner and the Foundation of Post-WW II Human Biology in the United Kingdom. Am J Phys Anthropol 149:114\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.22164","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"5276_CR1058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2011.122","volume":"65","author":"A Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu A, Byrne NM, Ma G, Nasreddine L, Trinidad TP, Kijboonchoo K, Ismail MN, Kagawa M, Poh BK, Hills AP (2011) Validation of bioelectrical impedance analysis for total body water assessment against the deuterium dilution technique in Asian children. Eur J Clin Nutr 65:1321\u20131327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ejcn.2011.122","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"5276_CR1059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1976.40.3.455","volume":"40","author":"SD Livingstone","year":"1976","unstructured":"Livingstone SD (1976) Changes in cold-induced vasodilation during Arctic exercises. J Appl Physiol 40:455\u2013457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1976.40.3.455","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1983.54.4.1025","volume":"54","author":"SD Livingstone","year":"1983","unstructured":"Livingstone SD, Grayson J, Frim J, Allen CL, Limmer RE (1983) Effect of cold exposure on various sites of core temperature measurements. J Appl Physiol 54:1025\u20131031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1983.54.4.1025","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00696387","volume":"56","author":"SD Livingstone","year":"1987","unstructured":"Livingstone SD, Nolan RW, Frim J, Reed LD, Limmer RE (1987) A thermographic study of the effect of body composition and ambient temperature on the accuracy of mean skin temperature calculations. Eur J Appl Physiol 56:120\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00696387","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01738910","volume":"189","author":"O Loewi","year":"1921","unstructured":"Loewi O (1921) \u00dcber humorale \u00dcbertragbarkeit der Herznervenwirkung. I. Mitteilung. Pfl\u00fcgers Arch 189:239\u2013242","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch"},{"key":"5276_CR1063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02331588","volume":"193","author":"O Loewi","year":"1922","unstructured":"Loewi O (1922) \u00dcber humorale \u00dcbertragbarkeit der Herznervenwirkung. II. Mitteilung. Pfl\u00fcgers Arch 193:201\u2013213","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch"},{"key":"5276_CR1064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1113\/JP270078","volume":"594","author":"LD Longo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Longo LD (2016) Sir Joseph Barcroft: one Victorian physiologist\u2019s contributions to a half century of discovery. J Physiol 594:1113\u20131125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP270078","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700200113","volume":"20","author":"J Lorrain Smith","year":"1915","unstructured":"Lorrain Smith J, Ritchie J, Dawson J (1915) Clinical and experimental observations on the pathology of trench frostbite. J Pathol Bacteriol 20:159\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/path.1700200113","journal-title":"J Pathol Bacteriol"},{"key":"5276_CR1066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139108967309","volume":"34","author":"WA Lotens","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lotens WA, Havenith G (1991) Calculation of clothing insulation and vapour resistance. Ergonomics 34:233\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140139108967309","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"5276_CR1067","unstructured":"Lotens WA and van Middendorp H (1986) How well does WBGT predict heat strain? Estimates from a mathematical model. IZF 1986 C-12 TNO Institute for Perception, Soesterberg, The Netherlands"},{"key":"5276_CR1068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01635479","volume":"14","author":"B Luchsinger","year":"1877","unstructured":"Luchsinger B (1877a) Neue Versuche zu einer Lehre von der Schweisssecretion, ein Beitrag zur Physiologie der Nervencentren. Pfl\u00fcgers Arch 14:369\u2013382","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch"},{"key":"5276_CR1069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01628366","volume":"15","author":"B Luchsinger","year":"1877","unstructured":"Luchsinger B (1877b) Die Wirkungen von Pilocarpin und Atropin auf die Schweissdr\u00fcsen der Katze. Pfl\u00fcgers 15:482\u2013492","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers"},{"key":"5276_CR1070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01647552","volume":"16","author":"B Luchsinger","year":"1878","unstructured":"Luchsinger B (1878) Die Schweissfasern f\u00fcr die Vorderpfote der Katze. Pfl\u00fcgers Arch 16:545\u2013547","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch"},{"key":"5276_CR1071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1126\/science.27.686.315-a","volume":"27","author":"G Lusk","year":"1908","unstructured":"Lusk G (1908) Carl von Voit. Science 27:315\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.27.686.315-a","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5276_CR1072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1911.27.5.427","volume":"27","author":"G Lusk","year":"1911","unstructured":"Lusk G (1911) The influence of cold baths on the glycogen content of man. Am J Physiol 27:427\u2013437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1911.27.5.427","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1126\/science.76.1963.129","volume":"76","author":"G Lusk","year":"1932","unstructured":"Lusk G (1932) Contributions to the science of nutrition: a tribute to the life and work of Max Rubner. Science 76:129\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.76.1963.129","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5276_CR1074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R634","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00411.2011","volume":"302","author":"AG Lynn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lynn AG, Gagnon D, Binder K, Boushel RC, Kenny GP (2012) Divergent roles of plasma osmolality and the baroreflex on sweating and skin blood flow. Am J Physiol 302:R634\u2013R642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00411.2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0670445","volume":"67","author":"IA MacDonald","year":"1984","unstructured":"MacDonald IA, Bennett T, Sainsbury R (1984) The effect of a 48 h fast on the thermoregulatory responses to graded cooling in man. Clin Sci 67:445\u2013452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/cs0670445","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1974.36.5.538","volume":"36","author":"JD MacDougall","year":"1974","unstructured":"MacDougall JD, Reddan WG, Layton CR, Dempsey JA (1974) Effects of metabolic hyperthermia on performance during heavy prolonged exercise. J Appl Physiol 36:538\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1974.36.5.538","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1077","unstructured":"Machado-Moreira CA (2011) The regional distribution of human sudomotor function and its neuropharmacological control. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Wollongong, Australia"},{"key":"5276_CR1078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2012.065037","volume":"97","author":"CA Machado-Moreira","year":"2012","unstructured":"Machado-Moreira CA, McLennan PL, Lillioja S, van Dijk W, Caldwell JN, Taylor NAS (2012) The cholinergic blockade of both thermally and non-thermally induced human eccrine sweating. Exp Physiol 97:930\u2013942. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/expphysiol.2012.065037","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2011.02362.x","volume":"204","author":"CA Machado-Moreira","year":"2012","unstructured":"Machado-Moreira CA, Taylor NAS (2012) Sudomotor responses from glabrous and non-glabrous skin during cognitive and painful stimulations following passive heating. Acta Physiol 204:571\u2013581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2011.02362.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mack GW and Nadel ER (1996) Body fluid balance during heat stress in humans. Comprehensive Physiology. Supplement 14: Handbook of Physiology, Environmental Physiology, pp 187\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.cp040110","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.cp040110"},{"key":"5276_CR1081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1923.0046","volume":"95","author":"NW MacKeith","year":"1923","unstructured":"MacKeith NW, Pembrey MS, Spurrell WR, Warner EC, Westlake HJWJ (1923) Observations on the adjustment of the human body to muscular work. Proc R Soc Lond 95:413\u2013439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.1923.0046","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond"},{"key":"5276_CR1082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l7075","volume":"368","author":"S Mackinnon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mackinnon S (2020) When medical information comes from Nazi atrocities. BMJ (clinical Research) 368:l7075. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l7075","journal-title":"BMJ (clinical Research)"},{"key":"5276_CR1083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/18.3.458","volume":"18","author":"PA Mackowiak","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mackowiak PA, Worden G (1994) Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich and the evolution of clinical thermometry. Clin Infect Dis 18:458\u2013467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clinids\/18.3.458","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"5276_CR1084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1953.5.9.533","volume":"5","author":"NH Mackworth","year":"1953","unstructured":"Mackworth NH (1953) Finger numbness in very cold winds. J Appl Physiol 5:533\u2013543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1953.5.9.533","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5024.910","volume":"1","author":"A MacNalty","year":"1957","unstructured":"MacNalty A (1957) Sir Victor Horsley: his life and work. BMJ 1:910\u2013916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.1.5024.910","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR1086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macpherson RK (1962) The assessment of the thermal environment. A review. Br J Ind Med 19:151\u2013164. https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/27721752","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.19.3.151"},{"key":"5276_CR1087","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1933.106.3.589","volume":"106","author":"WG Maddock","year":"1933","unstructured":"Maddock WG, Coller FA (1933) The role of the extremities in the dissipation of heat. Am J Physiol 106:589\u2013596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1933.106.3.589","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1088","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-1-4831-9943-6.50009-8","volume":"3","author":"LL Madison","year":"1968","unstructured":"Madison LL (1968) Ethanol-induced hypoglycemia. Adv Metab Disord 3:85\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-1-4831-9943-6.50009-8","journal-title":"Adv Metab Disord"},{"key":"5276_CR1089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1017\/s0025727300000090","volume":"48","author":"A-H Maehle","year":"2004","unstructured":"Maehle A-H (2004) \u201cReceptive substances\u201d: John Newport Langley (1852\u20131925) and his path to a receptor theory of drug action. Med Hist 48:153\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0025727300000090","journal-title":"Med Hist"},{"key":"5276_CR1090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1967.22.5.929","volume":"22","author":"JR Magel","year":"1967","unstructured":"Magel JR, Faulkner JA (1967) Maximum oxygen uptakes of college swimmers. J Appl Physiol 22:929\u2013933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1967.22.5.929","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20627","volume":"19","author":"TM M\u00e4kinen","year":"2007","unstructured":"M\u00e4kinen TM (2007) Human cold exposure, adaptation, and performance in high latitude environments. Am J Hum Biol 19:155\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajhb.20627","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR1092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1533\/9781845694701.3.467","volume-title":"Advances in fire retardant materials. Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles","author":"H M\u00e4kinen","year":"2008","unstructured":"M\u00e4kinen H (2008) Firefighters\u2019 protective clothing. In: Horrocks AR, Price D (eds) Advances in fire retardant materials. Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 467\u2013491"},{"key":"5276_CR1093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.47.207","volume":"47","author":"TM M\u00e4kinen","year":"2009","unstructured":"M\u00e4kinen TM, Hassi J (2009) Health problems in cold work. Ind Health 47:207\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2486\/indhealth.47.207","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"key":"5276_CR1094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1349","volume":"35","author":"TM M\u00e4kinen","year":"2009","unstructured":"M\u00e4kinen TM, Jokelainenm J, N\u00e4yh\u00e4 S, Laatikainen T, Jousilahti P, Hassi J (2009) Occurrence of frostbite in the general population\u2014work-related and individual factors. Scand J Work Environ Health 35:384\u2013393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5271\/sjweh.1349","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"5276_CR1095","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.3357\/asem.2235.2008","volume":"79","author":"TM M\u00e4kinen","year":"2008","unstructured":"M\u00e4kinen TM, M\u00e4ntysaari M, P\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00f6nen T, Jokelainen J, Palinkas LA, Hassi J, Lepp\u00e4luoto J, Tahvanainen K, Rintam\u00e4ki H (2008) Autonomic nervous function during whole-body cold exposure before and after cold acclimation. Aviat Space Environ Med 79:875\u2013882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3357\/asem.2235.2008","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.23829\/TSS.2020.27.1-3","volume":"27","author":"B Malak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Malak B (2020) The influence of temperature on function of mammalian skeletal muscles. Trends Sport Sci 27:19\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23829\/TSS.2020.27.1-3","journal-title":"Trends Sport Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1097","first-page":"397","volume":"99","author":"N Malamud","year":"1946","unstructured":"Malamud N, Haymaker W, Custer RP (1946) Heat stroke. A clinico-pathologic study of 125 fatal cases. Mil Surg 99:397\u2013449","journal-title":"Mil Surg"},{"key":"5276_CR1098","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.44.380","volume":"44","author":"JBM Malchaire","year":"2006","unstructured":"Malchaire JBM (2006) Occupational heat stress assessment by the predicted heat strain model. Ind Health 44:380\u2013387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2486\/indhealth.44.380","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"key":"5276_CR1099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s004200050420","volume":"73","author":"J Malchaire","year":"2000","unstructured":"Malchaire J, Kampmann B, Havenith G, Mehnert P, Gebhardt HJ (2000) Criteria for estimating acceptable exposure times in hot working environments: a review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 73:215\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004200050420","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"5276_CR1100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1093\/annhyg\/45.2.123","volume":"45","author":"J Malchaire","year":"2001","unstructured":"Malchaire J, Piette A, Kampmann B, Mehnert P, Gebhardt HJ, Havenith G, Den Hartog E, Holm\u00e9r I, Parsons K, Alfano G, Griefahn B (2001) Development and validation of the predicted heat strain model. Ann Occup Hyg 45:123\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annhyg\/45.2.123","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"5276_CR1101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1960.15.5.769","volume":"15","author":"MS Malhotra","year":"1960","unstructured":"Malhotra MS, Ramaswamy SS, Ray SN (1960) Effect of environmental temperature on work and resting metabolism. J Appl Physiol 15:769\u2013770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1960.15.5.769","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-019-04112-x","volume":"119","author":"MM Mallette","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mallette MM, Green LA, Hodges GJ, Fernley RE, Gabriel DA, Holmes MW, Cheung SS (2019) The effects of local muscle temperature on force variability. Eur J Appl Physiol 119:1225\u20131233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-019-04112-x","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-010-0320-6","volume":"55","author":"SK Maloney","year":"2011","unstructured":"Maloney SK, Forbes CF (2011) What effect will a few degrees of climate change have on human heat balance? Implications for human activity. Int J Biometeorol 55:147\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-010-0320-6","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"5276_CR5566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0770245","volume":"77","author":"PI Mansell","year":"1989","unstructured":"Mansell PI, MacDonald IA (1989) Effects of underfeeding and of starvation on thermoregulatory responses to cooling in women. Clin Sci 77:245\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/cs0770245","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01680323","volume":"134","author":"G Mansfeld","year":"1910","unstructured":"Mansfeld G (1910) Die Ursache der motorischen Acceleration des Herzens. Pfl\u00fcger\u2019s Archiv F\u00fcr Die Gesamte Physiologie Des Menschen Und Der Tiere 134:598\u2013626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01680323","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcger\u2019s Archiv F\u00fcr Die Gesamte Physiologie Des Menschen Und Der Tiere"},{"key":"5276_CR1105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1851-x","volume":"15","author":"M Mansoubi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mansoubi M, Pearson N, Clemes SA, Biddle SJ, Bodicoat DH, Tolfrey K, Edwardson CL, Yates T (2015) Energy expenditure during common sitting and standing tasks: examining the 1.5 MET definition of sedentary behaviour. BMC Public Health 15:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-015-1851-x","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"5276_CR1106","first-page":"374","volume":"78","author":"T Mantoni","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mantoni T, Belhage B, Pedersen LM, Pott FC (2007) Reduced cerebral perfusion on sudden immersion in ice water: a possible cause of drowning. Aviat Space Environ Med 78:374\u2013376","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1930.sp002705","volume":"70","author":"R Margaria","year":"1930","unstructured":"Margaria R (1930) The vapour pressure of normal human blood. J Physiol 70:417\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1930.sp002705","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1965.20.5.1070","volume":"20","author":"R Margaria","year":"1965","unstructured":"Margaria R, Aghemo P, Rovelli E (1965) Indirect determination of maximal oxygen consumption in man. J Appl Physiol 20:1070\u20131073. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1965.20.5.1070","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1963.18.2.367","volume":"18","author":"R Margaria","year":"1963","unstructured":"Margaria R, Cerretelli P, Aghemo P, Sassi G (1963) Energy cost of running. J Appl Physiol 18:367\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1963.18.2.367","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.87.5.1609","volume":"87","author":"Z Mariak","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mariak Z, White MD, Lewko J, Lyson T, Piekarski P (1999) Direct cooling of the human brain by heat loss from the upper respiratory tract. J Appl Physiol 87:1609\u20131613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1999.87.5.1609","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2004.09.010","volume":"139","author":"FE Marino","year":"2004","unstructured":"Marino FE (2004) Anticipatory regulation and avoidance of catastrophe during exercise-induced hyperthermia. Comp Biochem Physiol B 139:561\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpc.2004.09.010","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol B"},{"key":"5276_CR1112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1080\/00365519850186157","volume":"58","author":"F Marino","year":"1998","unstructured":"Marino F, Sockler JM, Fry JM (1998) Thermoregulatory, metabolic and sympathoadrenal responses to repeated brief exposure to cold. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 58:537\u2013545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00365519850186157","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"5276_CR1113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2003.08.008","volume":"29","author":"FE Marino","year":"2004","unstructured":"Marino FE, Kay D, Serwach N (2004) Exercise time to fatigue and the critical limiting temperature: effect of hydration. J Therm Biol 29:21\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2003.08.008","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR1114","first-page":"137","volume":"10","author":"MB Maron","year":"1978","unstructured":"Maron MB, Horvath SM (1978) The marathon: a history and review of the literature. Med Sci Sports 10:137\u2013150","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"5276_CR1115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1977.42.6.909","volume":"42","author":"MB Maron","year":"1977","unstructured":"Maron MB, Wagner JA, Horvath SM (1977) Thermoregulatory responses during competitive marathon running. J Appl Physiol 42:909\u2013914. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1977.42.6.909","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1923.3.2.275","volume":"3","author":"WM Marriott","year":"1923","unstructured":"Marriott WM (1923) Anhydremia. Physiol Rev 3:275\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1923.3.2.275","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR1117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(30)92042-1","volume":"24","author":"F Marsh","year":"1930","unstructured":"Marsh F (1930) The etiology of heat-stroke and sun traumatism. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hygiene 24:257\u2013288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0035-9203(30)92042-1","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hygiene"},{"key":"5276_CR1118","volume-title":"Notes on the medical topography of Calcutta","author":"JR Martin","year":"1837","unstructured":"Martin JR (1837) Notes on the medical topography of Calcutta. Huttmann, Bengal Military Orphan Press, Calcutta"},{"key":"5276_CR1119","volume-title":"The influence of tropical climates in producing the acute endemic diseases of Europeans: including practical observations on the nature and treatment of their chronic sequelae, under the influence of the climate of Europe","author":"JR Martin","year":"1861","unstructured":"Martin JR (1861) The influence of tropical climates in producing the acute endemic diseases of Europeans: including practical observations on the nature and treatment of their chronic sequelae, under the influence of the climate of Europe, 2nd edn. John Churchill, London","edition":"2"},{"key":"5276_CR1120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)09598-8","volume":"216","author":"CJ Martin","year":"1930","unstructured":"Martin CJ (1930) Thermal adjustment on man and animals to external conditions. Lancet 216:673\u2013678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)09598-8","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5276_CR1121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1914.35.2.211","volume":"35","author":"EG Martin","year":"1914","unstructured":"Martin EG, Gruber CM, Lanman TH (1914) Body temperature and pulse rate in man after muscular exercise. Am J Physiol 35:211\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1914.35.2.211","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1122","volume-title":"Essays and observations on the construction and graduation of thermometers, and on the heating and cooling in bodies","author":"G Martine","year":"1787","unstructured":"Martine G (1787) Essays and observations on the construction and graduation of thermometers, and on the heating and cooling in bodies, 4th edn. Alexander Donaldson, Edinburgh","edition":"4"},{"key":"5276_CR1123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.5.2046","volume":"65","author":"L Martineau","year":"1988","unstructured":"Martineau L, Jacobs I (1988) Muscle glycogen utilization during shivering thermogenesis in humans. J Appl Physiol 65:2046\u20132050. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.5.2046","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.66.1.72","volume":"66","author":"L Martineau","year":"1989","unstructured":"Martineau L, Jacobs I (1989a) Muscle glycogen availability and temperature regulation in humans. J Appl Physiol 66:72\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1989.66.1.72","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.67.6.2466","volume":"67","author":"L Martineau","year":"1989","unstructured":"Martineau L, Jacobs I (1989b) Free fatty acid availability and temperature regulation in cold water. J Appl Physiol 67:2466\u20132472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1989.67.6.2466","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-6349(77)90013-X","volume":"1","author":"MJ Martinson","year":"1977","unstructured":"Martinson MJ (1977) Heat stress in Witwatersrand gold mines. J Occup Accid 1:171\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0376-6349(77)90013-X","journal-title":"J Occup Accid"},{"key":"5276_CR1127","volume-title":"Les Glomus Neuro-vasculaires. Histophysiologie, 4","author":"P Masson","year":"1937","unstructured":"Masson P (1937) Les Glomus Neuro-vasculaires. Histophysiologie, 4. Hermann et Cie, Paris"},{"key":"5276_CR1128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2020.102754","volume":"94","author":"PD Mathewson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mathewson PD, Porter WP, Barrett L, Fuller A, Henzi SP, Hetem RS, Young C, McFarland R (2020) Field data confirm the ability of a biophysical model to predict wild primate body temperature. J Thermal Biol 94:102754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2020.102754","journal-title":"J Thermal Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR1129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1025806","volume":"6","author":"RJ Maughan","year":"1985","unstructured":"Maughan RJ (1985) Thermoregulation in marathon competition at low ambient temperature. Int J Sports Med 6:15\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2008-1025806","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1130","volume-title":"Performance functional foods","author":"RJ Maughan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Maughan RJ (2003) Functional ingredients in sports drinks. In: Watson DH (ed) Performance functional foods. CRC Press, Washington"},{"key":"5276_CR1131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.31.3.175","volume":"31","author":"RJ Maughan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Maughan RJ, Leiper JB, Shirreffs SM (1997) Factors influencing the restoration of fluid and electrolyte balance after exercise in the heat. Br J Sports Med 31:175\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.31.3.175","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.19.4.192","volume":"19","author":"RJ Maughan","year":"1985","unstructured":"Maughan RJ, Leiper JB, Thompson J (1985) Rectal temperature after marathon running. Br J Sports Med 19:192\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.19.4.192","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410400005909","volume":"22","author":"R Maughan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Maughan R, Shirreffs S (2004) Exercise in the heat: challenges and opportunities. J Sports Sci 22:917\u2013927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640410400005909","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410600875143","volume":"25","author":"RJ Maughan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Maughan RJ, Shirreffs SM, Leiper JB (2007) Errors in the estimation of hydration status from changes in body mass. Journal of Sports Science 25:797\u2013804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640410600875143","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Science"},{"key":"5276_CR1135","first-page":"101","volume":"25","author":"A Mavrogordato","year":"1927","unstructured":"Mavrogordato A, Pirow H (1927) Deep-level mining and high temperatures. J South Afr Inst Civ Eng 25:101\u2013124","journal-title":"J South Afr Inst Civ Eng"},{"key":"5276_CR1136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199608000-00014","volume":"28","author":"GJ Maw","year":"1996","unstructured":"Maw GJ, Mackenzie IL, Comer D, Taylor NAS (1996) Whole-body hyperhydration in endurance-trained males determined using radionuclide dilution. Med Sci Sports Exerc 28:1038\u20131044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005768-199608000-00014","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR1137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1995.tb09960.x","volume":"155","author":"GJ Maw","year":"1995","unstructured":"Maw GJ, Mackenzie IL, Taylor NAS (1995) Redistribution of body fluids during postural manipulations. Acta Physiol Scand 155:157\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1995.tb09960.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR1138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201x.1998.00380.x","volume":"163","author":"GJ Maw","year":"1998","unstructured":"Maw GJ, Mackenzie IL, Taylor NAS (1998) Human body-fluid distribution during exercise in hot, temperate and cool environments. Acta Physiol Scand 163:297\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-201x.1998.00380.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR1139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00013790","volume":"81","author":"GJ Maw","year":"2000","unstructured":"Maw GJ, Mackenzie IL, Taylor NAS (2000) Can skin temperature manipulation, with minimal core temperature change, influence plasma volume in resting humans? Eur J Appl Physiol 81:159\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/PL00013790","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31829d8e2e","volume":"45","author":"C Mawhinney","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mawhinney C, Jones H, Joo CH, Low DA, Green DJ, Gregson W (2013) Influence of cold-water immersion on limb and cutaneous blood flow after exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 45:2277\u20131285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31829d8e2e","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR1141","first-page":"153","volume":"52","author":"A Mayer","year":"1900","unstructured":"Mayer A (1900) Variations de la tension osmotique du sang chew les animaux priv\u00e9s de liquides. Comptes Rendus Des Seances De La Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 De Biologie Et Des Ses Filiales 52:153-l55","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus Des Seances De La Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 De Biologie Et Des Ses Filiales"},{"key":"5276_CR1142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/98.1.1","volume":"98","author":"LA Maynard","year":"1969","unstructured":"Maynard LA (1969) Francis Gano Benedict\u2014a biographical sketch (1870\u20131977). J Nutr 98:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/98.1.1","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"5276_CR1143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1971.30.5.733","volume":"30","author":"WD McArdle","year":"1971","unstructured":"McArdle WD, Glaser RM, Magel JR (1971) Metabolic and cardiorespiratory response during free swimming and treadmill walking. J Appl Physiol 30:733\u2013738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1971.30.5.733","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1976.40.1.85","volume":"40","author":"WD McArdle","year":"1976","unstructured":"McArdle WD, Magel JR, Lesmes GR, Pechar GS (1976) Metabolic and cardiovascular adjustments to work in air and water at 18, 25, and 33\u00a0\u00b0C. J Appl Physiol 40:85\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1976.40.1.85","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2001.00620.x","volume":"18","author":"V McAulay","year":"2001","unstructured":"McAulay V, Deary IJ, Frier BM (2001) Symptoms of hypoglycaemia in people with diabetes. Diabet Med 18:690\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2001.00620.x","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1974.0019","volume":"185","author":"RA McCance","year":"1974","unstructured":"McCance RA, Rabiyah YA, Beer G, Edholm OG, Even-Paz Z, Luff R, Samueloff S (1974) Have the Bedouin a special \u2018desert\u2019 physiology? Philos Trans R Soc Lond 185:263\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.1974.0019","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond"},{"key":"5276_CR1147","unstructured":"McCance RA, Ungley CC, JWL, and Widdowson EM (1956) The Hazards to Men in Ships Lost at Sea, 1940\u201344. Special Report Series. Medical Research Council, No. 291. HM Stationery Office, London"},{"key":"5276_CR1148","first-page":"191","volume":"34","author":"CJ McCartie","year":"1899","unstructured":"McCartie CJ (1899a) Cause and prevention of heat apoplexy in the Army. Ind Med Gaz 34:191\u2013192","journal-title":"Ind Med Gaz"},{"key":"5276_CR1149","first-page":"434","volume":"34","author":"CJ McCartie","year":"1899","unstructured":"McCartie CJ (1899b) Heat apoplexy. Ind Med Gaz 34:434\u2013436","journal-title":"Ind Med Gaz"},{"key":"5276_CR1150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/shm\/hkx001","volume":"31","author":"J McCulloch","year":"2018","unstructured":"McCulloch J (2018) Mining evidence: South Africa\u2019s gold mines and the career of A. J. Orenstein. Soc History Med 31:61\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/shm\/hkx001","journal-title":"Soc History Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1151","first-page":"29","volume":"91","author":"EA McCullough","year":"1985","unstructured":"McCullough EA, Jones BW, Huck J (1985) A comprehensive data base for estimating clothing insulation. ASHRAE Trans 91:29\u201347","journal-title":"ASHRAE Trans"},{"key":"5276_CR1152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088302500206","volume":"25","author":"EA McCullough","year":"1983","unstructured":"McCullough EA, Rohles FH (1983) Quantifying the thermal protection characteristics of outdoor clothing systems. Hum Factors 25:191\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/001872088302500206","journal-title":"Hum Factors"},{"key":"5276_CR1153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-44.1.84","volume":"44","author":"BP McDermott","year":"2009","unstructured":"McDermott BP, Casa DJ, Ganio MS, Lopez RM, Yeargin SW, Armstrong LE, Maresh CM (2009) Acute whole-body cooling for exercise-induced hyperthermia: a systematic review. J Athl Train 44:84\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-44.1.84","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"5276_CR1154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1935.15.1.98","volume":"15","author":"RJS McDowall","year":"1935","unstructured":"McDowall RJS (1935) The nervous control of the blood vessels. Physiol Rev 15:98\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1935.15.1.98","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR1155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1001\/archfami.2.12.1265","volume":"2","author":"KP McGann","year":"1993","unstructured":"McGann KP, Marion GS, Camp L, Spangler JG (1993) The influence of gender and race on mean body temperature in a population of healthy older adults. Arch Fam Med 2:1265\u20131267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archfami.2.12.1265","journal-title":"Arch Fam Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0376-x","volume":"45","author":"CJ McGowan","year":"2015","unstructured":"McGowan CJ, Pyne DB, Thompson KG, Rattray B (2015) Warm-up strategies for sport and exercise: mechanisms and applications. Sports Med 45:1523\u20131546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-015-0376-x","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-012-0546-6","volume":"56","author":"GR McGregor","year":"2012","unstructured":"McGregor GR (2012) Universal thermal comfort index (UTCI). Int J Biometeorol 56:419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-012-0546-6","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"5276_CR1158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.005","volume":"161","author":"GR McGregor","year":"2018","unstructured":"McGregor GR, Vanos JK (2018) Heat: a primer for public health researchers. Public Health 161:138\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.005","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"5276_CR1159","first-page":"795","volume":"1","author":"JN McIntosh","year":"1920","unstructured":"McIntosh JN (1920) Heat hyperpyrexia. BMJ 1:795\u2013796","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR1160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/nature719","volume":"416","author":"DD McKemy","year":"2002","unstructured":"McKemy DD, Neuhausser WM, Julius D (2002) Identification of a cold receptor reveals a general role for TRP channels in thermosensation. Nature 416:52\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature719","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5276_CR1161","volume-title":"Antoine Lavoisier: Scientist, Economist, Social Reformer","author":"D McKie","year":"1952","unstructured":"McKie D (1952) Antoine Lavoisier: Scientist, Economist, Social Reformer. Henry Schuman, New York"},{"key":"5276_CR1162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/s1095-6433(01)00275-6","volume":"128","author":"TM McLellan","year":"2001","unstructured":"McLellan TM (2001) The importance of aerobic fitness in determining tolerance to uncompensable heat stress. Comp Biochem Physiol Part A 128:691\u2013700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1095-6433(01)00275-6","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol Part A"},{"key":"5276_CR1163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c130002","volume":"3","author":"TM McLellan","year":"2013","unstructured":"McLellan TM, Daanen HAM, Cheung SS (2013) Encapsulated environment. Comp Physiol 3:1363\u20131391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c130002","journal-title":"Comp Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S121","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2015-0474","volume":"41","author":"TM McLellan","year":"2016","unstructured":"McLellan TM, Havenith G (2016) Protective clothing ensembles and physical employment standards. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 41:S121\u2013S130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/apnm-2015-0474","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"5276_CR1165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0b013e3182578783","volume":"11","author":"JA McMahon","year":"2012","unstructured":"McMahon JA, Howe A (2012) Cold weather issues in sideline and event management. Curr Sports Med Rep 11:135\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/JSR.0b013e3182578783","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"key":"5276_CR1166","first-page":"243","volume-title":"The physiology of induced hypothermia. National Research Council Publication Number 451","author":"JD McQueen","year":"1956","unstructured":"McQueen JD (1956) Effects of cold on the nervous system. In: Drips RD (ed) The physiology of induced hypothermia. National Research Council Publication Number 451. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, pp 243\u2013250"},{"key":"5276_CR1167","first-page":"839","volume":"27","author":"BA McSwiney","year":"1934","unstructured":"McSwiney BA (1934) The composition of human perspiration. Proc R Soc Med 27:839\u2013848","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105909","volume":"144","author":"RD Meade","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meade RD, Akerman AP, Notley SR, McGinn R, Poirier P, Gosselin P, Kenny GP (2020) Physiological factors characterizing heat-vulnerable older adults: a narrative review. Environ Int 144:105909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105909","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"5276_CR1169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cophys.2019.07.003","volume":"10","author":"RD Meade","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meade RD, Notley SR, Kenny GP (2019) Aging and human heat dissipation during exercise-heat stress: an update and future directions. Curr Opin Physio 10:219\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cophys.2019.07.003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Physio"},{"key":"5276_CR1170","unstructured":"Meade RD, Notley SR, Kirby NV and Kenny GP (2022) Available evidence does not support electric fan use as an effective personal cooling intervention during hot weather and heat waves. Lancet Planetary Health (in review)"},{"key":"5276_CR1171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201x.1998.00333.x","volume":"163","author":"AY Meigal","year":"1998","unstructured":"Meigal AY, Oksa J, Hohtola E, Lupandin YV, Rintam\u00e4ki H (1998) Influence of cold shivering on fine motor control in the upper limb. Acta Physiol Scand 163:41\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-201x.1998.00333.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR1172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/jlac.18330060109","volume":"6","author":"HFG Mein","year":"1833","unstructured":"Mein HFG (1833) \u00dcber die Darstellung des Atropins in wei\u00dfen Kristallen. Annalen Der Pharmacie 6:67\u201372","journal-title":"Annalen Der Pharmacie"},{"key":"5276_CR1173","first-page":"201","volume-title":"International reviews of ergonomics","author":"IB Mekjavic","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mekjavic IB, Bligh J (1987) The pathophysiology of hypothermia. In: Oborne DJ (ed) International reviews of ergonomics, vol 1. Taylor & Francis, London, pp 201\u2013218"},{"key":"5276_CR1174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1985.tb07765.x","volume":"125","author":"IB Mekjavic","year":"1985","unstructured":"Mekjavic IB, Eiken O (1985) Inhibition of shivering in man by thermal stimulation of the facial area. Acta Physiol Scand 125:633\u2013637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1985.tb07765.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR1175","first-page":"149","volume":"28","author":"IB Mekjavic","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mekjavic IB, Golden F, St C, Eglin M, Tipton MJ (2001) Thermal status of saturation divers during operational dives in the North Sea. Undersea Hyperb Med 28:149\u2013155","journal-title":"Undersea Hyperb Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1080\/03071841009418147","volume":"54","author":"CH Melville","year":"1910","unstructured":"Melville CH (1910) The physiology of the march: a lecture delivered at the Staff College. R United Serv Inst J 54:1580\u20131597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03071841009418147","journal-title":"R United Serv Inst J"},{"key":"5276_CR1177","first-page":"65","volume":"24","author":"CH Melville","year":"1916","unstructured":"Melville CH (1916) Water supply on the march. J State Med (1912\u20131937) 24:65\u201370","journal-title":"J State Med (1912\u20131937)"},{"key":"5276_CR1178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2020.01.023","volume":"112","author":"T Mendes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mendes T, Silva L, Almeida D, Antunes A (2020) Neofunctionalization of the UCP1 mediated the non-shivering thermogenesis in the evolution of small-sized placental mammals. Genomics 112:2489\u20132498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ygeno.2020.01.023","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"5276_CR1179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00581552","volume":"400","author":"JB Mercer","year":"1984","unstructured":"Mercer JB, Simon E (1984) A comparison between total body thermosensitivity and local thermosensitivity in mammals and birds. Pfl\u00fcgers Arch 400:228\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00581552","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch"},{"key":"5276_CR1180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2013.07.001","volume":"36","author":"P Mergenthaler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mergenthaler P, Lindauer U, Dienel GA, Meisel A (2013) Sugar for the brain: the role of glucose in physiological and pathological brain function. Trends Neurosci 36:587\u2013597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2013.07.001","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"5276_CR1181","volume-title":"Handbuch der Topographischen Anatomie: zum Gebrauch f\u00fcr \u00c4rzte","author":"F Merkel","year":"1899","unstructured":"Merkel F (1899) Handbuch der Topographischen Anatomie: zum Gebrauch f\u00fcr \u00c4rzte. Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig"},{"key":"5276_CR1182","first-page":"652","volume":"52","author":"C Merritt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Merritt C, Tan SY (2011) Christiaan Eijkman (1858\u20131930): the vicar of vitamins. Singapore Med J 52:652\u2013653","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"5276_CR1183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00310291","volume":"96","author":"U Midtg\u00e5trd","year":"1980","unstructured":"Midtg\u00e5trd U (1980) Arteriovenous anastomoses and vascularity in the feet of eiders and gulls (Aves). Zoomorphology 96:263\u2013270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00310291","journal-title":"Zoomorphology"},{"key":"5276_CR1184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1983.54.2.491","volume":"54","author":"DS Miles","year":"1983","unstructured":"Miles DS, Sawka MN, Glaser RM, Petrofsky JS (1983) Plasma volume shifts during progressive arm and leg exercise. J Appl Physiol 54:491\u2013495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1983.54.2.491","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1185","first-page":"429","volume-title":"Textbooks of military medicine. Medical aspects of harsh environments","author":"WJ Mills","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mills WJ (2001a) Clinical aspects of freezing cold injury. In: Pandolf KB, Burr RE (eds) Textbooks of military medicine. Medical aspects of harsh environments, vol 1. Borden Institute, Washington, pp 429\u2013466"},{"key":"5276_CR1186","first-page":"567","volume-title":"Textbooks of military medicine. Medical aspects of harsh environments","author":"WJ Mills","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mills WJ (2001b) Pictorial atlas of freezing cold injury. In: Pandolf KB, Burr RE (eds) Textbooks of military medicine. Medical aspects of harsh environments, vol 1. Borden Institute, Washington, pp 567\u2013609"},{"key":"5276_CR1187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.2997.63","volume":"1","author":"CEH Milner","year":"1918","unstructured":"Milner CEH (1918) The relation between heat-stroke and malignant malaria. BMJ 1:638\u2013639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.1.2997.63","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR1188","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in physiology","author":"A Milton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Milton A (2022) A history of thermal physiology in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. In: Blatteis CM, Taylor NAS, Mitchell D (eds) Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in physiology. Springer, New York, pp 1\u201356"},{"key":"5276_CR1189","first-page":"527","volume-title":"Temperature: its measurement and control in science and industry","author":"D Minard","year":"1963","unstructured":"Minard D, Copman L (1963) Elevation of body temperature in health. In: Hardy JD (ed) Temperature: its measurement and control in science and industry, vol 3, part 3. Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York, pp 527\u2013543"},{"key":"5276_CR1190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.4.1619","volume":"91","author":"CT Minson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Minson CT, Berry LT, Joyner MJ (2001) Nitric oxide and neurally mediated regulation of skin blood flow during local heating. J Appl Physiol 91:1619\u20131626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.4.1619","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/13.1.1","volume":"13","author":"HH Mitchell","year":"1937","unstructured":"Mitchell HH (1937) Carl von Voit. J Nutr 13:2\u201313","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"5276_CR1192","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Environmental physiology. MTP International Review of Science, Physiology Series One","author":"D Mitchell","year":"1974","unstructured":"Mitchell D (1974a) Physical basis of thermoregulation. In: Robertshaw D (ed) Environmental physiology. MTP International Review of Science, Physiology Series One, vol 7. Butterworths, London, pp 1\u201332"},{"key":"5276_CR1193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-408-70652-0.50010-X","volume-title":"Heat loss from animals and man","author":"D Mitchell","year":"1974","unstructured":"Mitchell D (1974b) Convective heat transfer from man and other animals. In: Monteith JL, Mount LE (eds) Heat loss from animals and man. Butterworths, London, pp 59\u201376"},{"key":"5276_CR1194","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Essays on temperature regulation","author":"D Mitchell","year":"1972","unstructured":"Mitchell D, Atkins AR, Wyndham CH (1972) Mathematical and physical models of thermoregulation. In: Bligh J, Moore RE (eds) Essays on temperature regulation. North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, pp 37\u201354"},{"key":"5276_CR1195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/13.1.1","volume":"284","author":"JH Mitchell","year":"1971","unstructured":"Mitchell JH, Blomqvist G (1971) Maximal oxygen uptake. N Engl J Med 284:1018\u20131022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/13.1.1","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1196","first-page":"507","volume":"28","author":"D Mitchell","year":"1985","unstructured":"Mitchell D, Laburn HP (1985) Pathophysiology of temperature regulation. Physiologist 28:507\u201317","journal-title":"Physiologist"},{"key":"5276_CR1197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6_8","volume-title":"Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in physiology","author":"D Mitchell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mitchell D, Laburn HP (2022) South African thermal physiology: highlights from the twentieth century. In: Blatteis CM, Taylor NAS, Mitchell D (eds) Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in physiology. Springer, New York, pp 435\u2013491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6_8"},{"key":"5276_CR1198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.4.1302","volume":"89","author":"JB Mitchell","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mitchell JB, Phillips MD, Mercer SP, Baylies HL, Pizza FX (2000) Postexercise rehydration: effect of Na+ and volume on restoration of fluid spaces and cardiovascular function. J Appl Physiol 89:1302\u20131309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.4.1302","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2014.083998","volume":"99","author":"JH Mitchell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mitchell JH, Raven PB (2014) Bengt Saltin MD DSci (1935\u20132014), a tribute. Exp Physiol 99:1549\u20131551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/expphysiol.2014.083998","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1977.tb38202.x","volume":"301","author":"JH Mitchell","year":"1977","unstructured":"Mitchell JH, Reardon WC, McCloskey DI, Wildenthal K (1977) Possible role of muscle receptors in the cardiovascular response to exercise. Ann N Y Acad Sci 301:232\u2013242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1977.tb38202.x","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12818","volume":"87","author":"D Mitchell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mitchell D, Snelling EP, Hetem RS, Maloney SK, Strauss WM, Fuller A (2018) Revisiting concepts of thermal physiology: predicting responses of mammals to climate change. J Anim Ecol 87:956\u2013973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1365-2656.12818","journal-title":"J Anim Ecol"},{"key":"5276_CR1202","first-page":"149","volume":"27","author":"D Mitchell","year":"1973","unstructured":"Mitchell D, van Rensburg AJ (1973) Assessment of clothing insulation: the problem and its solution using direct calorimetry on exercising men. Arch Sci Physiol 27:149\u2013162","journal-title":"Arch Sci Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00596389","volume":"303","author":"D Mitchell","year":"1968","unstructured":"Mitchell D, Wyndham CH, Atkins AR, Vermeulen AJ, Hofmeyr HS, Strydom NB, Hodgson T (1968) Direct measurement of the thermal responses of nude resting men in dry environments. Pfl\u00fcgers Arch 303:324\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00596389","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch"},{"key":"5276_CR1204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1967.23.3.390","volume":"23","author":"D Mitchell","year":"1967","unstructured":"Mitchell D, Wyndham CH, Hodgson T (1967) Emissivity and transmittance of excised human skin in its thermal emission wave band. J Appl Physiol 23:390\u2013394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1967.23.3.390","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1969.26.1.111","volume":"26","author":"D Mitchell","year":"1969","unstructured":"Mitchell D, Wyndham CH, Vermeulen AJ, Hodgson T, Atkins AR, Hofmeyr HS (1969) Radiant and convective heat transfer of nude men in dry air. J Appl Physiol 26:111\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1969.26.1.111","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.6.2709","volume":"65","author":"KD Mittleman","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mittleman KD, Mekjavic IB (1988) Effect of occluded venous return on core temperature during cold water immersion. J Appl Physiol 65:2709\u20132713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.6.2709","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1207","first-page":"842","volume":"62","author":"KD Mittleman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mittleman KD, Mekjavic IB (1991) Contribution of core cooling rate to shivering thermogenesis during cold water immersion. Aviat Space Environ Med 62:842\u2013848","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198004001-00280","volume":"21","author":"K Mittleman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mittleman K, Thorp J, Haberman K, Bilanin J, Doubt T (1990) Thermal changes during intermittent work in cool water after carbohydrate loading. Med Sci Sports Exerc 21:S47","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR1209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew264","volume":"117","author":"AM M\u00f8ller","year":"2016","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller AM, Myles PS (2016) What makes a good systematic review and meta-analysis? Br J Anaesth 117:428\u2013430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aew264","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"5276_CR1210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1946.02870300014004","volume":"131","author":"GW Molnar","year":"1946","unstructured":"Molnar GW (1946) Survival of hypothermia by men immersed in the ocean. J Am Med Assoc 131:1046\u20131050. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1946.02870300014004","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"5276_CR1211","first-page":"326","volume-title":"Physiological of man in the desert","author":"GW Molnar","year":"1947","unstructured":"Molnar GW (1947) Man in the tropics compared with man in the desert. In: Adolph EF (ed) Physiological of man in the desert. Interscience Publishing Company, New York, pp 326\u2013325"},{"key":"5276_CR1212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1973.35.2.205","volume":"35","author":"GW Molnar","year":"1973","unstructured":"Molnar GW, Hughes AL, Wilson O, Goldman RF (1973) Effect of skin wetting on finger cooling and freezing. J Appl Physiol 35:205\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1973.35.2.205","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1974155490","volume":"15","author":"GW Molnar","year":"1974","unstructured":"Molnar GW, Read RC (1974) Propranolol enhancement of hypoglycemic sweating. Clin Pharmacol Ther 15:490\u2013496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpt1974155490","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"5276_CR1214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00588059","volume":"311","author":"GW Molnar","year":"1969","unstructured":"Molnar GW, Wilson O, Goldman RF (1969) Application of Newton\u2019s Law to body cooling. Pfl\u00fcgers Arch 311:16\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00588059","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch"},{"key":"5276_CR1215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01553736","volume":"16","author":"GW Molnar","year":"1972","unstructured":"Molnar GW, Wilson O, Goldman RF (1972) Analysis of events leading to frostbite. Int J Biometeorol 16:247\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01553736","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"5276_CR1216","first-page":"207","volume-title":"Progress in anatomy","author":"GS Molyneux","year":"1981","unstructured":"Molyneux GS, Bryden MM (1981) Comparative aspects of arteriovenous anastomoses. In: Harrison RJ, Holmes RL (eds) Progress in anatomy. Cambridge University Press, pp 207\u2013227"},{"key":"5276_CR1217","first-page":"563","volume-title":"Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise","author":"SJ Montain","year":"2008","unstructured":"Montain SJ, Cheuvront SN (2008) Fluid, electrolyte and carbohydrate requirements for exercise. In: Taylor NAS, Groeller H (eds) Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Edinburgh, pp 563\u2013573"},{"key":"5276_CR1218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.73.4.1340","volume":"73","author":"SJ Montain","year":"1992","unstructured":"Montain SJ, Coyle EF (1992) Influence of graded dehydration on hyperthermia and cardiovascular drift during exercise. J Appl Physiol 73:1340\u20131350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1992.73.4.1340","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1995.79.5.1434","volume":"79","author":"SJ Montain","year":"1995","unstructured":"Montain SJ, Latzka WA, Sawka MN (1995) Control of thermoregulatory sweating is altered by hydration level and exercise intensity. J Appl Physiol 79:1434\u20131439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1995.79.5.1434","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.77.1.216","volume":"77","author":"SL Montain","year":"1994","unstructured":"Montain SL, Sawka MN, Cadarette BS, Quigley MD, McKay JM (1994) Physiological tolerance to uncompensable heat stress: effect of exercise intensity, protective clothing and climate. J Appl Physiol 77:216\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1994.77.1.216","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/00003677-200107000-00005","volume":"29","author":"SJ Montain","year":"2001","unstructured":"Montain SJ, Sawka MN, Wenger CB (2001) Hyponatremia associated with exercise: risk factors and pathogenesis. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 29:113\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003677-200107000-00005","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR1222","volume-title":"Heat loss from animals and man: assessment and control","year":"1974","unstructured":"Monteith JL, Mount LE (eds) (1974) Heat loss from animals and man: assessment and control. Butterworths, Oxford"},{"key":"5276_CR1223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R556","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1999.277.2.R556","volume":"277","author":"DS Moran","year":"1999","unstructured":"Moran DS, Castellani JW, O\u2019Brien C, Young AJ, Pandolf KB (1999) Evaluating physiological strain during cold exposure using a new cold strain index. Am J Physiol 277:R556\u2013R564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.1999.277.2.R556","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01261.2005","volume":"100","author":"DS Moran","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moran DS, Eli-Berchoer L, Heled Y, Mendel L, Schocina M, Horowitz M (2006) Heat intolerance: does gene transcription contribute? J Appl Physiol 100:1370\u20131376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01261.2005","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R129","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1998.275.1.R129","volume":"275","author":"DS Moran","year":"1998","unstructured":"Moran DS, Shitzer A, Pandolf KB (1998) A physiological strain index to evaluate heat stress. Am J Physiol 275:R129\u2013R134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.1998.275.1.R129","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2014.907447","volume":"57","author":"A Morel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Morel A, Bedek G, Sala\u00fcn F, Dupont D (2014) A review of heat transfer phenomena and the impact of moisture on firefighters\u2019 clothing and protection. Ergonomics 57:1078\u20131089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140139.2014.907447","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"5276_CR1227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01453933","volume":"18","author":"DL Morgan","year":"1974","unstructured":"Morgan DL, Baskett RL (1974) Comfort of man in the city. An energy balance model of man-environment coupling. Int J Biometeorol 18:184\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01453933","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"5276_CR1228","first-page":"291","volume":"52","author":"LF Morgans","year":"1981","unstructured":"Morgans LF, Nunneley SA, Stribley RF (1981) Influence of ambient and core temperatures on auditory canal temperature. Aviat Space Environ Med 52:291\u2013293","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.40.165","volume":"40","author":"T Morimoto","year":"1990","unstructured":"Morimoto T (1990) Thermoregulation and body fluids: role of blood volume and central venous pressure. Jpn J Physiol 40:165\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2170\/jjphysiol.40.165","journal-title":"Jpn J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2015.1066920","volume":"2","author":"T Morimoto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Morimoto T (2015) History of thermal and environmental physiology in Japan: the heritage of Yas Kuno. Temperature 2:310\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23328940.2015.1066920","journal-title":"Temperature"},{"key":"5276_CR1231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.28.323","volume":"28","author":"T Morimoto","year":"1978","unstructured":"Morimoto T, Horvath SM, Borgia JF (1978) Blood volume and plasma constituent changes in splenectomized dogs consequent to exercise. Jpn J Physiol 28:323\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2170\/jjphysiol.28.323","journal-title":"Jpn J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.31.869","volume":"31","author":"T Morimoto","year":"1981","unstructured":"Morimoto T, Miki K, Nose H, Tanaka Y, Yamada S (1981) Transvascular fluid shift after blood volume and modification in relation to compliances of the total vascular bed and interstitial fluid space. Jpn J Physiol 31:869\u2013878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2170\/jjphysiol.31.869","journal-title":"Jpn J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.00218.x","volume":"119","author":"C M\u00f8rk","year":"2002","unstructured":"M\u00f8rk C, Kvernebo K, Asker CL, Salrud EG (2002) Reduced skin capillary density during attacks of erythromelalgia implies arteriovenous shunting as pathogenetic mechanism. J Invest Dermatol 119:949\u2013953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.00218.x","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"5276_CR1234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63912-7.00017-5","volume":"156","author":"SF Morrison","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morrison SF (2018) Efferent neural pathways for the control of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and shivering. Handb Clin Neurol 156:281\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-444-63912-7.00017-5","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"5276_CR1235","first-page":"413","volume-title":"Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise","author":"JB Morrison","year":"2008","unstructured":"Morrison JB, Clarke JR (2008) Diving physiology: free diving, breathing apparatus, saturation diving. In: Taylor NAS, Groeller H (eds) Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Edinburgh, pp 413\u2013431"},{"key":"5276_CR1236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2013.1069","volume":"15","author":"SA Morrison","year":"2014","unstructured":"Morrison SA, Gorjanc J, Mekjavic IB (2014) Mount Everest and Makalu cold injury amputation: 40 years on. High Alt Med Biol 15:78\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ham.2013.1069","journal-title":"High Alt Med Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR1237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c140013","volume":"4","author":"SF Morrison","year":"2014","unstructured":"Morrison SF, Madden CJ (2014) Central nervous system regulation of brown adipose tissue. Compr Physiol 4:1677\u20131713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c140013","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1238","first-page":"115","volume":"67","author":"JF Morrison","year":"1966","unstructured":"Morrison JF, Mitchell D, Strydom NB (1966) The determination of the heat load on labourers when near submerged arc furnaces. J S Afr Inst Min Metall 67:115\u2013121","journal-title":"J S Afr Inst Min Metall"},{"key":"5276_CR1239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4455\/eu.2019.011","volume":"66","author":"S Mosler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mosler S, Braun H, Carlsohn A, Grosshauser M, Koenig D, Lampen A, Niess A, Oberritter H, Schaebethal K, Schek A, Stehle P (2019) Fluid replacement in sports. Position of the working group sports nutrition of the German Nutrition Society (DGE). Ernahrungs Umschau 66:52\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4455\/eu.2019.011","journal-title":"Ernahrungs Umschau"},{"key":"5276_CR1240","unstructured":"Mosso A (1875) Sopra un nuovo Metodo per scrivere i Movimenti dei Vasi Sanguini nell\u2019 Uomo. Atti della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino. Vol. xi (November 14). P 35"},{"key":"5276_CR1241","unstructured":"Mosso A (1878) Sulle variazioni locali del polso nell\u2019antibraccio dell\u2019uomo. Stamperia Reale di Torino"},{"key":"5276_CR1242","first-page":"225","volume-title":"Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise","author":"MF Mottola","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mottola MF (2008) Performance in the pregnant woman. In: Taylor NAS, Groeller H (eds) Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Edinburgh, pp 225\u2013237"},{"key":"5276_CR1243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezaa159","volume":"58","author":"T Mroczek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mroczek T, Gladki M, Skalski J (2020) Successful resuscitation from accidental hypothermia of 11.8\u00a0\u00b0C: where is the lower bound for human beings? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 58:1091\u20131092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejcts\/ezaa159","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"5276_CR1244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1113\/EP088091","volume":"105","author":"CM Muia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Muia CM, Notley SR, Saci S, D\u2019Souza AW, Kenny GP (2020) Whole-body heat exchange in black-African and Caucasian men during exercise eliciting matched heat-loss requirements in dry heat. Exp Physiol 105:7\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/EP088091","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1245","volume-title":"The theory and practice of military hygiene","author":"EL Munson","year":"1901","unstructured":"Munson EL (1901) The theory and practice of military hygiene. William Wood and Co, New York"},{"key":"5276_CR1246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.1984.11701976","volume":"12","author":"P Murphy","year":"1984","unstructured":"Murphy P (1984) Olympic Marathon fury heats up. Phys Sportsmed 12:161\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00913847.1984.11701976","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"key":"5276_CR1247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-198704050-00002","volume":"4","author":"R Murray","year":"1987","unstructured":"Murray R (1987) The effects of consuming carbohydrate-electrolyte beverages on gastric emptying and fluid absorption during and following exercise. Sports Med 4:322\u2013351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-198704050-00002","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1248","volume-title":"Numerical model of the urban atmosphere, Vol. I: the city-surface interface. Contributions in atmospheric science No 4","author":"LO Myrup","year":"2002","unstructured":"Myrup LO, Morgan DL (2002) Numerical model of the urban atmosphere, Vol. I: the city-surface interface. Contributions in atmospheric science No 4. University of California Press, Davis"},{"key":"5276_CR1249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1971.31.1.80","volume":"31","author":"ER Nadel","year":"1971","unstructured":"Nadel ER, Bullard RW, Stolwijk JAJ (1971) Importance of skin temperature in the regulation of sweating. J Appl Physiol 31:80\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1971.31.1.80","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1980.49.4.715","volume":"49","author":"ER Nadel","year":"1980","unstructured":"Nadel ER, Fortney SM, Wenger CB (1980) Effect of hydration state on circulatory and thermal regulation. J Appl Physiol 49:715\u2013721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1980.49.4.715","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(73)90089-1","volume":"13","author":"ER Nadel","year":"1973","unstructured":"Nadel ER, Holm\u00e9r I, Bergh U, \u00c5strand P-O, Stolwijk JAJ (1973) Thermoregulatory shivering during exercise. Life Sci 13:983\u2013989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0024-3205(73)90089-1","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1974.36.4.465","volume":"36","author":"ER Nadel","year":"1974","unstructured":"Nadel ER, Holm\u00e9r I, Bergh U, \u00c5strand P-O, Stolwijk JAJ (1974) Energy exchanges of swimming man. J Appl Physiol 36:465\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1974.36.4.465","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1969.27.4.484","volume":"27","author":"ER Nadel","year":"1969","unstructured":"Nadel ER, Horvath SM (1969) Peripheral involvement in thermoregulatory response to an imposed heat debt in man. J Appl Physiol 27:484\u2013448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1969.27.4.484","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.11183\/jhe1972.13.43","volume":"13","author":"PK Nag","year":"1984","unstructured":"Nag PK (1984) Convective and evaporative heat transfer coefficients of the persons in different activities. J Hum Ergol 13:43\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11183\/jhe1972.13.43","journal-title":"J Hum Ergol"},{"key":"5276_CR1255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.37.425","volume":"37","author":"T Nagasaka","year":"1987","unstructured":"Nagasaka T, Hirata K, Nunomura T (1987) Contribution of arteriovenous anastomoses to vasoconstriction induced by local heating of the human finger. Jpn J Physiol 37:425\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2170\/jjphysiol.37.425","journal-title":"Jpn J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6_9","volume-title":"Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in physiology","author":"T Nagasaka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nagasaka T (2022) Japanese contributions to the development of knowledge of thermal physiology in the twentieth century. In: Blatteis CM, Taylor NAS, Mitchell D (eds) Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in physiology. Springer, New York, pp 493\u2013515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6_9"},{"key":"5276_CR1257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3641","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.210047","volume":"589","author":"K Nakamura","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nakamura K, Morrison SF (2011) Central efferent pathways for cold-defensive and febrile shivering. J Physiol 589:3641\u20133658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.210047","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s004840050027","volume":"40","author":"K Nakamura","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nakamura K, Tanaka M, Motohashi Y, Maeda A (1997) Oral temperatures of the elderly in nursing homes in summer and winter in relation to activities of daily living. Int J Biometeorol 40:103\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004840050027","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"5276_CR1259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.27.423","volume":"27","author":"T Nakayama","year":"1977","unstructured":"Nakayama T, Ohnuki Y, Niwa K (1977) Fall in skin temperature during exercise. Jpn J Physiol 27:423\u2013437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2170\/jjphysiol.27.423","journal-title":"Jpn J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000142036.54112.57","volume":"63","author":"Y Nakazato","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nakazato Y, Tamura N, Ohkuma A, Yoshimaru K, Shimazu K (2004) Idiopathic pure sudomotor failure: anhidrosis due to deficits in cholinergic transmission. Neurology 63:1476\u20131480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000142036.54112.57","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"5276_CR1261","unstructured":"Nash H (1996) Hicks, Sir Cedric Stanton (1892\u20131976). Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. https:\/\/adb.anu.edu.au\/biography\/hicks-sir-cedric-stanton-10499\/text18627 (Accessed: Apr 6th, 2021)"},{"key":"5276_CR1262","unstructured":"Naucl\u00e9r S (1756) Ber\u00e4ttelse om en man, som efter utseende var till d\u00f6ds frusen, men blef lyckligen \u00e5terst\u00e4lld. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar. 117\u2013120. https:\/\/hosting.softagent.se\/kvah\/catview.html?method=start&bookId=720&articleId=20048&skipSearchCriteria=false (Accessed: June 25th, 2022)"},{"key":"5276_CR1263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/s0025-7125(16)33259-x","volume":"49","author":"TF Nealon","year":"1965","unstructured":"Nealon TF, Gosin S (1965) Hypothermia: physiologic effects and clinical application. Med Clin North Am 49:1181\u20131195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0025-7125(16)33259-x","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"5276_CR1264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E444","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00691.2006","volume":"293","author":"J Nedergaard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nedergaard J, Bengtsson T, Cannon B (2007) Unexpected evidence for active brown adipose tissue in adult humans. Am J Physiol 293:E444\u2013E452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00691.2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63912-7.00009-6","volume":"156","author":"J Nedergaard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nedergaard J, Cannon B (2018) Brown adipose tissue as a heat-producing thermoeffector. Handb Clin Neurol 156:137\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-444-63912-7.00009-6","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"5276_CR1266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/s0005-2728(00)00247-4","volume":"1504","author":"J Nedergaard","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nedergaard J, Golozoubova V, Matthias A, Asadi A, Jacobsson A, Cannon B (2001) UCP1: the only protein able to mediate adaptive non-shivering thermogenesis and metabolic inefficiency. Biochem Biophys Acta 1504:82\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0005-2728(00)00247-4","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Acta"},{"key":"5276_CR1267","first-page":"933","volume":"22","author":"JD Nelms","year":"1963","unstructured":"Nelms JD (1963) Functional anatomy of skin related to temperature regulation. Fed Proc 22:933\u2013936","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"key":"5276_CR1268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1947.151.2.626","volume":"151","author":"N Nelson","year":"1947","unstructured":"Nelson N, Eichna LW, Horvath SM, Shelley WB, Hatch TF (1947) Thermal exchanges of man at high temperatures. Am J Physiol 151:626\u2013652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1947.151.2.626","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1007\/s00292-021-00961-6","volume":"42","author":"AG Nerlich","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nerlich AG, Egarter Vigl E, Fleckinger A, Tauber M, Peschel O (2021) Der Mann aus dem Eis: Lebensszenario und Pathologische Befunde aus 30 Jahren Forschung an der Gletschermumie \u201e\u00d6tzi\u201c [The Iceman: Life scenarios and pathological findings from 30 years of research on the glacier mummy \u201c\u00d6tzi\u201d]. Pathologe 42:530\u2013539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00292-021-00961-6","journal-title":"Pathologe"},{"key":"5276_CR1270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-195802000-00019","volume":"147","author":"SA Niazi","year":"1958","unstructured":"Niazi SA, Lewis FJ (1958) Profound hypothermia in man. Report of a case. Ann Surg 147:264\u2013266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000658-195802000-00019","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"5276_CR1271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1938.tb01246.x","volume":"79","author":"M Nielsen","year":"1938","unstructured":"Nielsen M (1938) Die Regulation der K\u00f6erpertemperatur bei Muskelarbeit. Skandinavisches Archiv F\u00fcr Physiologie 79:193\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1938.tb01246.x","journal-title":"Skandinavisches Archiv F\u00fcr Physiologie"},{"key":"5276_CR1272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03420.x","volume":"68","author":"B Nielsen","year":"1966","unstructured":"Nielsen B (1966) Regulation of body temperature and heat dissipation at different levels of energy and heat production in man. Acta Physiol Scand 68:215\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03420.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR1273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1968.tb03822.x","volume":"72","author":"B Nielsen","year":"1968","unstructured":"Nielsen B (1968) Thermoregulatory responses to arm work, leg work and intermittent leg work. Acta Physiol Scand 72:25\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1968.tb03822.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"issue":"Supplement","key":"5276_CR1274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1969.tb04445.x","volume":"323","author":"B Nielsen","year":"1969","unstructured":"Nielsen B (1969) Thermoregulation in rest and exercise. Acta Physiol Scand 323(Supplement):1\u201374","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR1275","first-page":"205","volume-title":"Physiological and behavioral temperature regulation","author":"M Nielsen","year":"1970","unstructured":"Nielsen M (1970) Heat production and body temperature during rest and work. In: Hardy JD, Gagge AP, Stolwijk JAJ (eds) Physiological and behavioral temperature regulation. C.C. Thomas, Springfield, pp 205\u2013203"},{"key":"5276_CR1276","first-page":"207","volume":"27","author":"B Nielsen","year":"1973","unstructured":"Nielsen B (1973) Metabolic reactions to cold during swimming at different speeds. Arch Sci Physiol 27:207\u2013211","journal-title":"Arch Sci Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1974.tb05640.x","volume":"90","author":"B Nielsen","year":"1974","unstructured":"Nielsen B (1974) Effects of changes in plasma volume and osmolarity on thermoregulation during exercise. Acta Physiol Scand 90:725\u2013730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1974.tb05640.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR1278","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Milestones in environmental physiology. Progress in biometeorology","author":"B Nielsen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Nielsen B (1989) Plasma volume changes during prolonged exercise. Effects of body posture, fluid ingestion and heat stress. In: Yousef MK (ed) Milestones in environmental physiology. Progress in biometeorology, vol 7. SPB Academic Publishing bv, Amsterdam, pp 117\u2013128"},{"key":"5276_CR1279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00705036","volume":"60","author":"B Nielsen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Nielsen B (1990) Solar heat load: heat balance during exercise in clothed subjects. Eur J Appl Physiol 60:452\u2013456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00705036","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1976.tb10342.x","volume":"98","author":"B Nielsen","year":"1976","unstructured":"Nielsen B, Davies CTM (1976) Temperature regulation during exercise in water and air. Acta Physiol Scand 98:500\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1976.tb10342.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR1281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1993.sp019482","volume":"460","author":"B Nielsen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Nielsen B, Hales JRS, Strange S, Christensen NJ, Warberg J, Saltin B (1993) Human circulatory and thermoregulatory adaptations with heat acclimation and exercise in a hot, dry environment. J Physiol 460:467\u2013485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1993.sp019482","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02489.x","volume":"56","author":"B Nielsen","year":"1962","unstructured":"Nielsen B, Nielsen M (1962) Body temperature during work at different environmental temperatures. Acta Physiol Scand 56:120\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02489.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR1283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1965.tb04186.x","volume":"64","author":"B Nielsen","year":"1965","unstructured":"Nielsen B, Nielsen M (1965) Influence of passive and active heating on the temperature regulation of man. Acta Physiol Scand 64:323\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1965.tb04186.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR1284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02343806","volume":"55","author":"B Nielsen","year":"1986","unstructured":"Nielsen B, Sj\u00f8gaard G, Ugelvig J, Knudsen B, Dohlmann B (1986) Fluid balance in exercise dehydration and rehydration with different glucose-electrolyte drinks. Eur J Appl Physiol 55:318\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02343806","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6_7","volume-title":"Thermal physiology: a worldwide history perspectives in physiology","author":"B Nielsen Johannsen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nielsen Johannsen B (2022) History of thermal physiology in Denmark. In: Blatteis CM, Taylor NAS, Mitchell D (eds) Thermal physiology: a worldwide history perspectives in physiology. Springer, New York, pp 405\u2013434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6_7"},{"key":"5276_CR1286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1980.326582","volume":"27","author":"GE Nilsson","year":"1980","unstructured":"Nilsson GE, Tenland T, Oberg PA (1980) Evaluation of a laser Doppler flowmeter for measurement of tissue blood-flow. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 27:597\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TBME.1980.326582","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"5276_CR1287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1080\/0264041400005883","volume":"22","author":"M Nimmo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nimmo M (2004) Exercise in the cold. J Sports Sci 22:898\u2013916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0264041400005883","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2018.05.005","volume":"21","author":"BC Nindl","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nindl BC, Billing DC, Drain JR, Beckner ME, Greeves J, Groeller H, Teien HK, Marcora S, Moffitt A, Reilly T, Taylor NAS, Young AJ, Friedl KE (2018) Perspectives on resilience for military readiness and preparedness: report of an international military physiology roundtable. J Sci Med Sport 21:1116\u20131124.","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"Supplement 2","key":"5276_CR1289","first-page":"5","volume":"13","author":"Y Nishi","year":"1973","unstructured":"Nishi Y, Gagge AP (1973) Moisture permeation of clothing: a factor governing thermal equilibrium and comfort. Memoirs Faculty Eng Hokkaido Univ 13(Supplement 2):5\u201313","journal-title":"Memoirs Faculty Eng Hokkaido Univ"},{"key":"5276_CR1290","first-page":"97","volume":"48","author":"Y Nishi","year":"1977","unstructured":"Nishi Y, Gagge AP (1977) Effective temperature scale useful for hypo- and hyperbaric environments. Aviat Space Environ Med 48:97\u2013107","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1291","first-page":"373","volume":"70","author":"TD Noakes","year":"1986","unstructured":"Noakes TD (1986) Body cooling as a method for reducing hyperthermia. S Afr Med J 70:373\u2013374","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"5276_CR1292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198808000-00001","volume":"20","author":"TD Noakes","year":"1988","unstructured":"Noakes TD (1988) Implications of exercise testing for prediction of athletic performance: a contemporary perspective. Med Sci Sports Exerc 20:319\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/00005768-198808000-00001","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR1293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-199504000-00009","volume":"5","author":"TD Noakes","year":"1995","unstructured":"Noakes TD (1995) Dehydration during exercise: what are the real dangers? Clin J Sport Med 5:123\u2013128","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1294","first-page":"4","volume":"3","author":"TD Noakes","year":"1996","unstructured":"Noakes TD (1996) Heat disorders in sport. South Afr J Sports Med 3:4\u20139","journal-title":"South Afr J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1080\/001401300750003907","volume":"43","author":"TD Noakes","year":"2000","unstructured":"Noakes TD (2000) Exercise and the cold. Ergonomics 43:1461\u20131479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/001401300750003907","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"5276_CR1296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410600875036","volume":"25","author":"TD Noakes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Noakes TD (2007) Drinking guidelines for exercise: what evidence is there that athletes should drink \u201cas much as tolerable\u201d, \u201cto replace the weight lost during exercise\u201d or \u201cad libitum\u201d? J Sports Sci 25:781\u2013796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640410600875036","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2007.02.009","volume":"11","author":"TD Noakes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Noakes TD (2008a) A modern classification of the exercise-related heat illnesses. J Sci Med Sport 11:33\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2007.02.009","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"5276_CR1298","first-page":"585","volume-title":"Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise","author":"TD Noakes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Noakes TD (2008b) Current drinking guidelines are not evidence based. In: Taylor NAS, Groeller H (eds) Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Edinburgh, pp 585\u2013592"},{"key":"5276_CR1299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2008.09.005","volume":"34","author":"TD Noakes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Noakes TD, Dugas JP, Dugas LR, Tucker R, Oksa J, Dunn J, van der Merwe BS, Dirker JA, Porvari K, Smolander J (2009) Body temperatures during three long-distance polar swims in water of 0\u20133\u00b0C. J Therm Biol 34:23\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2008.09.005","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR1300","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise","author":"TD Noakes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Noakes TD, Ekblom B (2008) Human performance and maximal aerobic power. In: Taylor NAS, Groeller H (eds) Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Edinburgh, pp 179\u2013190"},{"key":"5276_CR1301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1580\/1080-6032(2005)16[221:WIAPCD]2.0.CO;2","volume":"17","author":"TD Noakes","year":"1985","unstructured":"Noakes TD, Goodwin N, Rayner BL, Branken T, Taylor RKN (1985) Water intoxication: a possible complication during endurance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 17:370\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1580\/1080-6032(2005)16[221:WIAPCD]2.0.CO;2","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR1302","first-page":"596","volume":"98","author":"T Noakes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Noakes T, Mekler J, Pedoe DT (2008) Jim Peters\u2019 collapse in the 1954 Vancouver Empire Games marathon. S Afr Med J 98:596\u2013600","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"5276_CR1303","first-page":"443","volume":"23","author":"TD Noakes","year":"1991","unstructured":"Noakes TD, Myburgh KH, Du Plessis J, Lang L, Lambert M, Van Der Riet C, Schall R (1991) Metabolic rate, not percent dehydration, predicts rectal temperature in marathon runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 23:443\u2013449","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR1304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18550","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0509096102","volume":"102","author":"TD Noakes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Noakes TD, Sharwood K, Speedy D, Hew T, Reid S, Dugas J, Almond C, Wharam P, Weschler L (2005) Three independent biological mechanisms cause exercise-associated hyponatremia: evidence from 2,135 weighed competitive athletic performances. Proc Natl Acad Sci 102:18550\u201318555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0509096102","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1305","unstructured":"Nobelstiftelsen (1965) Christiaan Eijkman - biographical. In: Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 1922\u20131941. Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam. https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/medicine\/1929\/eijkman\/biographical\/ (Accessed: Mar 9th, 2022)"},{"key":"5276_CR1306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2007.038695","volume":"93","author":"D Noble","year":"2008","unstructured":"Noble D (2008) Claude Bernard, the first systems biologist, and the future of physiology. Exp Physiol 93:16\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/expphysiol.2007.038695","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.075507","volume":"45","author":"HW Nolte","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nolte HW, Noakes TD, van Vuuren B (2011a) Protection of total body water content and absence of hyperthermia despite 2% body mass loss (\u2018voluntary dehydration\u2019) in soldiers drinking ad libitum during prolonged exercise in cool environmental conditions. Br J Sports Med 45:1106\u20131112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.2010.075507","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2011.587195","volume":"29","author":"HW Nolte","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nolte HW, Noakes TD, van Vuuren B (2011b) Trained humans can exercise safely in extreme dry heat when drinking water ad libitum. J Sports Sci 29:1233\u20131241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640414.2011.587195","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.2015.1001714","volume":"43","author":"HW Nolte","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nolte HW, Hew-Butler T, Noakes TD, Duvenage CS (2015) Exercise-associated hyponatremic encephalopathy and exertional heatstroke in a soldier: high rates of fluid intake during exercise caused rather than prevented a fatal outcome. Phys Sportsmed 43:93\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00913847.2015.1001714","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"key":"5276_CR1310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-019-0192-y","volume":"6","author":"HW Nolte","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nolte HW, Nolte K, Hew-Butler T (2019) Ad libitum water consumption prevents exercise-associated hyponatremia and protects against dehydration in soldiers performing a 40-km route-march. Mil Med Res 6:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40779-019-0192-y","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"key":"5276_CR1311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/s0009-9120(96)00165-8","volume":"30","author":"M Noppen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Noppen M, Sevens C, Vincken WG (1997) Effects of non-pharmacological sympathetic sudomotor denervation on sweating in humans with essential palmar hyperhidrosis. Clin Biochem 30:171\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0009-9120(96)00165-8","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"5276_CR1312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1536250","DOI":"10.1080\/22423982.2018.1536250","volume":"77","author":"AJ Norheim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Norheim AJ, Borud E, Wilsgaard T, de Weerd L, Mercer JB (2018) Variability in peripheral rewarming after cold stress among 255 healthy Norwegian army conscripts assessed by dynamic infrared thermography. Int J Circumpolar Health 77:1536250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/22423982.2018.1536250","journal-title":"Int J Circumpolar Health"},{"key":"5276_CR1313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/jhmas\/jrm015","volume":"62","author":"S Normandin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Normandin S (2007) Claude Bernard and an introduction to the study of experimental medicine: \u201cphysical vitalism\u201d, dialectic, and epistemology. J Hist Med Allied Sci 62:495\u2013528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jhmas\/jrm015","journal-title":"J Hist Med Allied Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1076\/jhin.9.3.238.1781","volume":"9","author":"U Norrsell","year":"2000","unstructured":"Norrsell U (2000) Magnus Gustaf Blix (1849\u20131904); Neurophysiological, physiological, and engineering virtuoso. J Hist Neurosci 9:238\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1076\/jhin.9.3.238.1781","journal-title":"J Hist Neurosci"},{"key":"5276_CR1315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63912-7.00025-4","volume":"156","author":"H Nose","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nose H, Kamijo YI, Masuki S (2018) Interactions between body fluid homeostasis and thermoregulation in humans. Handb Clin Neurol 156:417\u2013429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-444-63912-7.00025-4","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"5276_CR1316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.1.318","volume":"65","author":"H Nose","year":"1988","unstructured":"Nose H, Mack GW, Shi XR, Nadel ER (1988a) Shift in body fluid compartments after dehydration in humans. J Appl Physiol 65:318\u2013324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.1.318","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.1.325","volume":"65","author":"H Nose","year":"1988","unstructured":"Nose H, Mack GW, Shi XR, Nadel ER (1988b) Role of osmolality and plasma volume during rehydration in humans. J Appl Physiol 65:325\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.1.325","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1318","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02439410","volume":"40","author":"H Nose","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nose H, Takamata A (1997) Integrative regulations of body temperature and body fluid in humans exercising in a hot environment. Int J Biometeorol 40:42\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02439410","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"5276_CR1319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002391","volume":"52","author":"SR Notley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Notley SR, Akerman AP, Meade RD, McGarr GW, Kenny GP (2020a) Exercise thermoregulation in prepubertal children: a brief methodological review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 52:2412\u20132422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002391","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR1320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2628","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002410","volume":"52","author":"SR Notley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Notley SR, Meade RD, D\u2019Souza AW, Rutherford MM, Kim JH, Kenny GP (2020b) Heat exchange in young and older men during constant- and variable-intensity work. Med Sci Sports Exerc 52:2628\u20132636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002410","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR1321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2018-0173","volume":"43","author":"SR Notley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Notley SR, Flouris AD, Kenny GP (2018) On the use of wearable physiological monitors to assess heat strain during occupational heat stress. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 43:869\u2013881. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/apnm-2018-0173","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"5276_CR1322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22961","volume":"62","author":"SR Notley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Notley SR, Flouris AD, Kenny GP (2019) Occupational heat stress management: Does one size fit all? Am J Ind Med 62:1017\u20131023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajim.22961","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-023-05272-7","author":"SR Notley","year":"2023","unstructured":"Notley SR, Mitchell D, Taylor NAS (2023a) A century of exercise physiology: concepts that ignited the study of human thermoregulation. Part 1: Foundational principles and theories of regulation. Eur J Appl Physiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-023-05272-7","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-023-05284-3","author":"SR Notley","year":"2023","unstructured":"Notley SR, Mitchell D, Taylor NAS (2023b) A century of exercise physiology: concepts that ignited the study of human thermoregulation. Part 2: Physiological measurements. Eur J Appl Physiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-023-05284-3","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00151.2016","volume":"121","author":"SR Notley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Notley SR, Park J, Tagami K, Ohnishi N, Taylor NAS (2016) Morphological dependency of cutaneous blood flow and sweating during compensable heat stress when heat-loss requirements are matched across participants. J Appl Physiol 121:25\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00151.2016","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1326","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086112","volume":"102","author":"SR Notley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Notley SR, Park J, Tagami K, Ohnishi N, Taylor NAS (2017) Variations in body morphology explain sex differences in thermoeffector function during compensable heat stress. Exp Physiol 102:545\u2013562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/EP086112","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1327","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102911","volume":"55","author":"SR Notley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Notley SR, Racinais S, Kenny GP (2021) Do sex differences in thermoregulation pose a concern for female athletes preparing for the Tokyo Olympics? Br J Sports Med 55:298\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102911","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1328","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00929293","volume":"2","author":"SA Nunneley","year":"1970","unstructured":"Nunneley SA (1970) Water cooled garments: a review. Space Life Sci 2:335\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00929293","journal-title":"Space Life Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1329","first-page":"52","volume":"15","author":"SA Nunneley","year":"1989","unstructured":"Nunneley SA (1989) Heat stress in protective clothing: interactions among physical and physiological factors. Scand J Work Environ Health 15:52\u201357","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"5276_CR1330","first-page":"886","volume":"63","author":"SA Nunneley","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nunneley SA, Antu\u00f1ano MJ, Bomalaski SH (1992) Thermal convergence fails to predict heat tolerance limits. Aviat Space Environ Med 63:886\u2013890","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00239862","volume":"69","author":"SA Nunneley","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nunneley SA, Nelson DA (1994) Limitations on arteriovenous cooling of the blood supply to the human brain. Eur J Appl Physiol 69:474\u2013479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00239862","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1332","unstructured":"Nunneley SA and Reardon MJ (2001) Prevention of heat illness. In: Pandolf KB, Burr RE, Wenger CB and Pozos RS (eds) Medical aspects of harsh environments, Vol. 1. In: Zajtchuk R and Bellamy RF (eds) Textbook of military medicine. Department of the Army, Office of the Surgeon General, and Borden Institute. Washington, pp 209\u2013230"},{"key":"5276_CR1333","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/mvre.1998.2114","volume":"57","author":"G Nuzzaci","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nuzzaci G, Evangelisti A, Righi D, Giannico G, Nuzzaci I (1999) Is there any relationship between cold-induced vasodilatation and vasomotion? Microvasc Res 57:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/mvre.1998.2114","journal-title":"Microvasc Res"},{"key":"5276_CR1334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2011.062273","volume":"97","author":"L Nybo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nybo L (2012) Brain temperature and exercise performance. Exp Physiol 97:333\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/expphysiol.2011.062273","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.90.3.1057","volume":"90","author":"L Nybo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nybo L, Jensen T, Nielsen B, Gonz\u00e1lez-Alonso J (2001) Effects of marked hyperthermia with and without dehydration on O2 kinetics during intense exercise. J Appl Physiol 90:1057\u20131064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.2001.90.3.1057","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1336","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c130012","volume":"4","author":"L Nybo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nybo L, Rasmussen P, Sawka MN (2014) Performance in the heat\u2014physiological factors of importance for hyperthermia-induced fatigue. Compr Physiol 4:657\u2013689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c130012","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1337","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.030023","volume":"545","author":"L Nybo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nybo L, Secher NH, Nielsen B (2002) Inadequate heat release from the human brain during prolonged exercise with hyperthermia. J Physiol 545:697\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.030023","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1338","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2022.03.003","volume":"33","author":"B Oakley","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oakley B, Brown HL, Johnson N, Bainbridge C (2022) Nonfreezing cold injury and cold intolerance in paddlesport. Wilderness Environ Med 33:187\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wem.2022.03.003","journal-title":"Wilderness Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1339","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00859.2004","volume":"98","author":"C O\u2019Brien","year":"2005","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien C (2005) Reproducibility of the cold-induced vasodilation response in the human finger. J Appl Physiol 98:1334\u20131340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00859.2004","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1340","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Physiological and behavioral temperature regulation","author":"K Ogata","year":"1970","unstructured":"Ogata K (1970) A review of Japanese research on the body temperature regulation. In: Hardy JD, Gagge AP, Stolwijk JAJ (eds) Physiological and behavioral temperature regulation. C.C. Thomas, Springfield, pp 5\u201310"},{"key":"5276_CR1341","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.26.517","volume":"26","author":"T Ogawa","year":"1976","unstructured":"Ogawa T (1976) Effects of subcutaneously administered adrenaline on human eccrine sweating, with special reference to the physiological significance of the adrenergic sweating mechanism. Jpn J Physiol 26:517\u2013528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2170\/jjphysiol.26.517","journal-title":"Jpn J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(50)91263-3","volume":"256","author":"O.G.E.","year":"1950","unstructured":"O.G.E. (1950) Obituary: Henry Cuthbert Bazett. Lancet 256:309\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(50)91263-3","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5276_CR1343","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.1944.920-a","volume":"1","author":"ST O\u2019Grady","year":"1898","unstructured":"O\u2019Grady ST (1898) Sunstroke or siriasis. BMJ 1:920","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR1344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/military-2021-002028","volume":"28","author":"RC Oh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oh RC, Bury DC, McClure CJ (2022) Exertional rhabdomyolysis: an analysis of 321 hospitalised US military service members and its relationship with heat illness. BMJ Military Health 28:e002028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/military-2021-002028","journal-title":"BMJ Military Health"},{"key":"5276_CR1345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.24.19","volume":"24","author":"K Ohara","year":"1974","unstructured":"Ohara K, Sato H, Takaba S (1974) Correlative relationships of response patterns between body temperature, sweat rate and sodium concentration in sweat during heat exposure in man. Jpn J Physiol 24:19\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2170\/jjphysiol.24.19","journal-title":"Jpn J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1346","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1093\/annhyg\/38.5.705","volume":"38","author":"C O\u2019Leary","year":"1994","unstructured":"O\u2019Leary C, Parsons KC (1994) The role of the IREQ index in the design of working practices for cold environments. Ann Occup Hyg 38:705\u2013719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annhyg\/38.5.705","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"5276_CR1347","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Thermal physiology","author":"BW Olesen","year":"1984","unstructured":"Olesen BW (1984) How many sites are necessary to estimate a mean skin temperature? In: Hales JRS (ed) Thermal physiology. Raven Press, New York, pp 33\u201338"},{"key":"5276_CR1348","first-page":"A385","volume":"27","author":"BW Olesen","year":"1973","unstructured":"Olesen BW, Fanger PO (1973) The skin temperature distribution for resting man in comfort. Arch Sci Physiol 27:A385\u2013A393","journal-title":"Arch Sci Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1970.tb04764.x","volume":"80","author":"KE Olsson","year":"1970","unstructured":"Olsson KE, Saltin B (1970) Variation in total body water with muscle glycogen changes in man. Acta Physiol Scand 80:11\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1970.tb04764.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR1350","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2006.223","volume":"14","author":"AMCV Ooijen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ooijen AMCV, Westerterp KR, Wouters L, Schoffelen PF, van Steenhoven AA, van Lichtenbelt WDM (2006) Heat production and body temperature during cooling and rewarming in overweight and lean men. Obesity 14:1914\u20131920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/oby.2006.223","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"5276_CR1351","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200232150-00001","volume":"32","author":"RA Oppliger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Oppliger RA, Bartok C (2002) Hydration testing of athletes. Sports Med 32:959\u2013971. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-200232150-00001","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1352","first-page":"1238","volume":"XLV","author":"AJ Orenstein","year":"1971","unstructured":"Orenstein AJ (1971) In memoriam, Dr. Aldo Oswald Dreosti. South Afr Med J XLV:1238","journal-title":"South Afr Med J"},{"key":"5276_CR1353","first-page":"30","volume":"4","author":"AJ Orenstein","year":"1922","unstructured":"Orenstein AJ, Ireland HJ (1922) Experimental observations upon the relation between atmospheric conditions and the production of fatigue in mine laborers. J Ind Hygiene 4:30\u201346 (and 4:70-91)","journal-title":"J Ind Hygiene"},{"key":"5276_CR1354","first-page":"66","volume":"25","author":"JW Osborne","year":"1876","unstructured":"Osborne JW (1876) Determinations of subjective temperature. Proc Am Assoc Adv Sci 25:66\u201374","journal-title":"Proc Am Assoc Adv Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1910.sp001407","volume":"41","author":"WA Osborne","year":"1910","unstructured":"Osborne WA (1910) Contributions to physiological climatology. Part I. The relation of loss of water from the skin and lungs to the external temperature in actual climatic conditions. J Physiol 41:345\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1910.sp001407","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1356","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osczevski RJ (1995) The basis of wind chill. Arctic 48:372\u2013382. https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/40511941","DOI":"10.14430\/arctic1262"},{"key":"5276_CR1357","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-86-10-1453","volume":"86","author":"R Osczevski","year":"2005","unstructured":"Osczevski R, Bluestein M (2005) The new wind chill equivalent temperature chart. Bull Am Meteor Soc 86:1453\u20131458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/BAMS-86-10-1453","journal-title":"Bull Am Meteor Soc"},{"key":"5276_CR1358","volume-title":"Principles and practice of medicine: designed for the use of practitioners and students of medicine","author":"W Osler","year":"1893","unstructured":"Osler W (1893) Principles and practice of medicine: designed for the use of practitioners and students of medicine. D. Appleton and Company, New York"},{"key":"5276_CR1359","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-198908040-00002","volume":"8","author":"ML O\u2019Toole","year":"1989","unstructured":"O\u2019Toole ML, Douglas PS, Hiller WD (1989) Applied physiology of a triathlon. Sports Med 8:201\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-198908040-00002","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1360","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1879.sp000045","volume":"2","author":"I Ott","year":"1879","unstructured":"Ott I (1879) Observations on the physiology of the spinal cord. J Physiol 2:42\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1879.sp000045","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1361","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490712200612","volume":"122","author":"M Ott","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ott M, Shaw SF, Danila RN, Lynfield R (2007) Lessons learned from the 1918\u20131919 influenza pandemic in Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota. Public Health Rep 122:803\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/003335490712200612","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"5276_CR1362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494818801615","volume":"48","author":"\u00c5D Oudin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oudin \u00c5D, \u00c5str\u00f6m C, Forsberg B, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Gasparrini A, Oudin A, Sundquist K (2020) Heat wave-related mortality in Sweden: a case-crossover study investigating effect modification by neighbourhood deprivation. Scand J Public Health 48:428\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1403494818801615","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"5276_CR1363","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI60433","volume":"122","author":"V Ouellet","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ouellet V, Labb\u00e9 SM, Blondin DP, Phoenix S, Gu\u00e9rin B, Haman F, Turcotte EE, Richard D, Carpentier AC (2012) Brown adipose tissue oxidative metabolism contributes to energy expenditure during acute cold exposure in humans. J Clin Investig 122:545\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI60433","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"5276_CR1364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-016-0303-7","volume":"24","author":"P Paal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paal P, Gordon L, Strapazzon G, Brodmann Maeder M, Putzer G, Walpoth B, Wanscher M, Brown D, Holzer M, Broessner G, Brugger H (2016) Accidental hypothermia\u2014an update: the content of this review is endorsed by the International Commission for Mountain Emergency Medicine (ICAR MEDCOM). Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 24:111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13049-016-0303-7","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1365","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1981.50.4.829","volume":"50","author":"CA Piantadosi","year":"1981","unstructured":"Piantadosi CA, Thalmann ED, Spaur WH (1981) Metabolic response to respiratory heat loss-induced core cooling. J Appl Physiol 50:829\u2013834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1981.50.4.829","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12563","volume":"18","author":"BF Palmer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Palmer BF, Clegg DJ (2017) Non-shivering thermogenesis as a mechanism to facilitate sustainable weight loss. Obes Rev 18:819\u2013831. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/obr.12563","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR1367","volume-title":"Textbooks of military medicine. Medical aspects of harsh environments","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pandolf KB, Burr RE (eds) (2001) Textbooks of military medicine. Medical aspects of harsh environments, vol 1. Borden Institute, Washington"},{"key":"5276_CR1368","volume-title":"Textbooks of military medicine. Medical aspects of harsh environments","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pandolf KB, Burr RE (eds) (2002) Textbooks of military medicine. Medical aspects of harsh environments, vol 2. Borden Institute, Washington"},{"key":"5276_CR1369","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.1.65","volume":"65","author":"KB Pandolf","year":"1988","unstructured":"Pandolf KB, Cadarette BS, Sawka MN, Young AJ, Francesconi RP, Gonzalez RR (1988a) Thermoregulatory responses of middle-aged and young men during dry-heat acclimation. J Appl Physiol 65:65\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.1.65","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1370","volume-title":"Human performance physiology and environmental medicine at terrestrial extremes","year":"1988","unstructured":"Pandolf KB, Sawka MN, Gonzalez RR (eds) (1988b) Human performance physiology and environmental medicine at terrestrial extremes. Benchmark Press, Indianapolis"},{"key":"5276_CR1371","first-page":"1095","volume":"49","author":"KB Pandolf","year":"1978","unstructured":"Pandolf KB, Goldman RF (1978) Convergence of skin and rectal temperatures as a criterion for heat tolerance. Aviat Space Environ Med 49:1095\u20131101","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1139\/y95-164","volume":"73","author":"VJ Paolone","year":"1995","unstructured":"Paolone VJ, Paolone AM (1995) Thermogenesis during rest and exercise in cold air. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 73:1149\u20131153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/y95-164","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"5276_CR1373","unstructured":"Park W (2020) The man who refused to freeze to death. https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20200226-how-to-survive-in-the-extreme-cold (Accessed: Jul 19th, 2022)"},{"key":"5276_CR1374","volume-title":"A manual of practical hygiene, for use in the medical services of the army","author":"EA Parkes","year":"1869","unstructured":"Parkes EA (1869) A manual of practical hygiene, for use in the medical services of the army, 3rd edn. Taylor and Francis Limited, London","edition":"3"},{"key":"5276_CR1375","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.80.3.1021","volume":"80","author":"TC Passias","year":"1996","unstructured":"Passias TC, Meneilly GS, Mekjavic IB (1996) Effect of hypoglycemia on thermoregulatory responses. J Appl Physiol 80:1021\u20131032. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1996.80.3.1021","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1376","first-page":"313","volume-title":"Textbooks of military medicine. Medical aspects of harsh environments","author":"BC Paton","year":"2001","unstructured":"Paton BC (2001) Cold, casualties, and conquests: the effects of cold on warfare. In: Pandolf KB, Burr RE (eds) Textbooks of military medicine. Medical aspects of harsh environments, vol 1. Borden Institute, Washington, pp 313\u2013349"},{"key":"5276_CR1377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201x.1998.00379.x","volume":"163","author":"MJ Patterson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Patterson MJ, Cotter JD, Taylor NAS (1998) Human sudomotor responses to heating and cooling upper body skin surfaces: differential cutaneous thermal sensitivity. Acta Physiol Scand 163:289\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-201x.1998.00379.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR1378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R512","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00359.2003","volume":"286","author":"MJ Patterson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Patterson MJ, Stocks JM, Taylor NAS (2004) Humid heat acclimation does not elicit a preferential sweat redistribution towards the limbs. Am J Physiol 286:R512\u2013R518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00359.2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12214","volume":"210","author":"MJ Patterson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Patterson MJ, Stocks JM, Taylor NAS (2014) Whole-body fluid distribution in humans during dehydration and recovery, before and after humid-heat acclimation induced using controlled hyperthermia. Acta Physiol 210:899\u2013912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apha.12214","journal-title":"Acta Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)54954-X","volume":"196","author":"ES Pattison","year":"1920","unstructured":"Pattison ES (1920) Notes on a case of heat-stroke with hyperpyrexia. Lancet 196:749","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5276_CR1381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198410000-00013","volume":"16","author":"JF Patton","year":"1984","unstructured":"Patton JF, Vogel JA (1984) Effects of acute cold exposure on submaximal endurance performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 16:494\u2013497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/00005768-198410000-00013","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR1382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(02)00652-9","volume":"108","author":"AM Peier","year":"2002","unstructured":"Peier AM, Moqrich A, Hergarden AC, Reeve AJ, Andersson DA, Story GM, Earley TJ, Dragoni I, McIntyre P, Bevan S, Patapoutian A (2002) A TRP channel that senses cold stimuli and menthol. Cell 108:705\u2013715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0092-8674(02)00652-9","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"5276_CR1383","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410400000298","volume":"22","author":"B Peiser","year":"2004","unstructured":"Peiser B, Reilly T (2004) Environmental factors in the summer Olympics in historical perspective. J Sports Sci 22:981\u20131002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640410400000298","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1384","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1895.sp000573","volume":"18","author":"MS Pembrey","year":"1895","unstructured":"Pembrey MS (1895) The effect of variations in external temperature upon the output of carbonic acid and the temperature of young animals. J Physiol 18:363\u2013379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1895.sp000573","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR3434","unstructured":"Pembrey MS (1898) Animal heat. In: Sch\u00e4fer EA (ed) Text-book of Physiology. Young J. Pentland, Edinburgh, pp 785\u2013867"},{"key":"5276_CR1385","first-page":"261","volume":"42","author":"MS Pembrey","year":"1902","unstructured":"Pembrey MS (1902) Heat-Stroke. Guy\u2019s Hospital Reports 42:261\u2013269","journal-title":"Guy\u2019s Hospital Reports"},{"key":"5276_CR1386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.2252.475","volume":"1","author":"MS Pembrey","year":"1904","unstructured":"Pembrey MS (1904) Remarks upon temperature. BMJ 1:475\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.1.2252.475","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR1387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-22-06-01","volume":"22","author":"MS Pembrey","year":"1914","unstructured":"Pembrey MS (1914) Further observations on an analysis of fifty cases. BMJ Military Health 22:629\u2013638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jramc-22-06-01","journal-title":"BMJ Military Health"},{"key":"5276_CR1388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)30372-0","volume":"188","author":"MS Pembrey","year":"1916","unstructured":"Pembrey MS (1916) Observations on the development of the regulation of temperature and its clinical significance. Lancet 188:217\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)30372-0","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5276_CR1389","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1898.sp000736","volume":"23","author":"MS Pembrey","year":"1898","unstructured":"Pembrey MS, Nicol BA (1898) Observations upon the deep and surface temperature of the human body. J Physiol 23:386\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1898.sp000736","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"Supplement","key":"5276_CR1390","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S171","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198810001-00015","volume":"20","author":"DR Pendergast","year":"1988","unstructured":"Pendergast DR (1988) The effect of body cooling on oxygen transport during exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 20(Supplement):S171\u2013S176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/00005768-198810001-00015","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR1391","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1977.43.3.475","volume":"43","author":"DR Pendergast","year":"1977","unstructured":"Pendergast DR, di Prampero PE, Craig AB, Wilson DR, Rennie DW (1977) Quantitative analysis of the front crawl in men and women. J Appl Physiol 43:475\u2013479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1977.43.3.475","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c140018","volume":"5","author":"DR Pendergast","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pendergast DR, Moon RE, Krasney JJ, Held HE, Zamparo P (2015) Human physiology in an aquatic environment. Compr Physiol 5:1705\u20131750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c140018","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1393","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-003-0919-y","volume":"90","author":"D Pendergast","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pendergast D, Zamparo P, di Prampero PE, Capelli C, Cerretelli P, Termin A, Craig A, Bushnell D, Paschke D, Mollendorf J (2003) Energy balance of human locomotion in water. Eur J Appl Physiol 90:377\u2013386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-003-0919-y","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1394","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.1.5","volume":"1","author":"HH Pennes","year":"1948","unstructured":"Pennes HH (1948) Analysis of tissue and arterial blood temperatures in the resting human forearm. J Appl Physiol 1:93\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.1.5","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15010173","volume":"15","author":"S Per\u010di\u010d","year":"2018","unstructured":"Per\u010di\u010d S, Kukec A, Cegnar T, Hojs A (2018) Number of heat wave deaths by diagnosis, sex, age groups, and area, in Slovenia, 2015 vs. 2003. Int J Environ Res Public Health 15:173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph15010173","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"5276_CR1396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H785","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1993.265.3.H785","volume":"265","author":"PE P\u00e9rgola","year":"1993","unstructured":"P\u00e9rgola PE, Kellogg DL, Johnson JM, Kosiba WA, Solomon DE (1993) Role of sympathetic nerves in the vascular effects of local temperature in human forearm skin. Am J Physiol 265:H785\u2013H792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.1993.265.3.H785","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1397","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00038.2020","volume":"101","author":"JD P\u00e9riard","year":"2021","unstructured":"P\u00e9riard JD, Eijsvogels TM, Daanen HA (2021) Exercise under heat stress: thermoregulation, hydration, performance implications, and mitigation strategies. Physiol Rev 101:1873\u20131979. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00038.2020","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR1398","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1948.155.2.165","volume":"155","author":"JF Perkins","year":"1948","unstructured":"Perkins JF, Li MC (1948) Sudden vasoconstriction in denervated or sympathectomized paws exposed to cold. Am J Physiol 155:167\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1948.155.2.165","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.907ba.x","volume":"513","author":"MJ Perko","year":"1998","unstructured":"Perko MJ, Nielsen HB, Skak C, Clemmesen JO, Schroeder TV, Secher NH (1998) Mesenteric, coeliac and splanchnic blood flow in humans during exercise. J Physiol 513:907\u2013913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.907ba.x","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1400","first-page":"23","volume":"16","author":"F P\u00e9ronnet","year":"1991","unstructured":"P\u00e9ronnet F, Massicotte D (1991) Table of nonprotein respiratory quotient: an update. Can J Sport Sci 16:23\u201329","journal-title":"Can J Sport Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1401","first-page":"16","volume":"51","author":"JH Petajan","year":"1972","unstructured":"Petajan JH, Williams DD (1972) Behavior of single motor units during pre-shivering tone and shivering tremor. Am J Phys Med 51:16\u201322","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13319","volume":"29","author":"WA Pethick","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pethick WA, Murray HJ, McFadyen P, Brodie R, Gaul CA, Stellingwerff T (2019) Effects of hydration status during heat acclimation on plasma volume and performance. Scand J Med Sci Sports 29:189\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.13319","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"5276_CR1403","first-page":"16","volume":"12","author":"WFR Phillips","year":"1896","unstructured":"Phillips WFR (1896) Sensible temperature. Trans Am Climatol Assoc 12:16\u201325","journal-title":"Trans Am Climatol Assoc"},{"key":"5276_CR1404","first-page":"223","volume":"13","author":"WFR Phillips","year":"1897","unstructured":"Phillips WFR (1897) Meteorological conditions of sunstroke. Trans Am Climatol Assoc 13:223\u2013237","journal-title":"Trans Am Climatol Assoc"},{"key":"5276_CR1405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(92)90345-Q","volume":"101","author":"PK Phillips","year":"1992","unstructured":"Phillips PK, Heath JE (1992) Heat exchange by the pinna of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Comp Biochem Physiol Comp Physiol 101:693\u2013699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0300-9629(92)90345-Q","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol Comp Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1406","first-page":"115","volume":"16","author":"GW Pickering","year":"1932","unstructured":"Pickering GW (1932) The vasomotor regulation of heat loss from the human skin in relation to external temperature. Heart 16:115\u2013135","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"5276_CR1407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pierau F-K (1996) Peripheral thermosensors. Comprehensive physiology. Supplement 14: handbook of physiology, environmental physiology, pp 85\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.cp040105","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.cp040105"},{"key":"5276_CR1408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-9162-7","volume":"266","author":"K Pietrzak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pietrzak K (2019) Christiaan Eijkman (1856\u20131930). J Neurol 266:2893\u20132895. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-018-9162-7","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"5276_CR1409","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1970.28.5.642","volume":"28","author":"F Pirnay","year":"1970","unstructured":"Pirnay F, Deroanne R, Petit JM (1970) Maximal oxygen consumption in a hot environment. J Appl Physiol 28:642\u2013645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1970.28.5.642","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1944.142.2.253","volume":"142","author":"GC Pitts","year":"1944","unstructured":"Pitts GC, Johnson RE, Consolazio FC (1944) Work in the heat as affected by intake of water, salt, and glucose. Am J Physiol 142:253\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1944.142.2.253","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1411","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1965.20.3.379","volume":"20","author":"RW Piwonka","year":"1965","unstructured":"Piwonka RW, Robinson S, Gay VL, Manalis RS (1965) Precclimatization of men to heat by training. J Appl Physiol 20:379\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1965.20.3.379","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.18.4.261","volume":"18","author":"AM Porter","year":"1984","unstructured":"Porter AM (1984) Marathon running and adverse weather conditions: a miscellany. Br J Sports Med 18:261\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.18.4.261","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1413","first-page":"138","volume":"6","author":"W Posselt","year":"1828","unstructured":"Posselt W, Reimann L (1828) Chemische Untersuchung des Tabaks und Darstellung eines eigenth\u00fcmlich wirksamen Prinzips dieser Pflanze. Magazin F\u00fcr Pharmacie 6:138\u2013161","journal-title":"Magazin F\u00fcr Pharmacie"},{"key":"5276_CR1414","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330370204","volume":"37","author":"PW Post","year":"1972","unstructured":"Post PW, Donner DD (1972) Frostbite in a pre-Columbian mummy. Am J Phys Anthropol 37:187\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.1330370204","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"5276_CR1415","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pozos RS, Iaizzo PA, Danzl DF and Mills WT (1996) Limits of tolerance to hypothermia. Comprehensive physiology. Supplement 14: handbook of physiology, environmental physiology, pp 557\u2013575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/CPHY.CP040125","DOI":"10.1002\/CPHY.CP040125"},{"key":"5276_CR1416","first-page":"531","volume-title":"Living in the cold: physiological and biochemical adaptations","author":"RS Pozos","year":"1986","unstructured":"Pozos RS, Stauffer EK, Iaizzo PA, Mills WJ, Howard D, Israel D (1986) Shivering and other forms of tremor. In: Heller HC, Musacchia XJ, Wang LC-H (eds) Living in the cold: physiological and biochemical adaptations. Elsevier, New York, pp 531\u2013537"},{"key":"5276_CR1417","volume-title":"The nature and treatment of hypothermia","year":"1983","unstructured":"Pozos RS, Wittmers LE (eds) (1983) The nature and treatment of hypothermia. Croom Helm, London"},{"key":"5276_CR1418","volume-title":"White settlers in the tropics","author":"AG Price","year":"1939","unstructured":"Price AG (1939) White settlers in the tropics. American Geographical Society, New York"},{"key":"5276_CR1419","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200636100-00005","volume":"36","author":"MJ Price","year":"2006","unstructured":"Price MJ (2006) Thermoregulation during exercise in individuals with spinal cord injuries. Sports Med 36:863\u2013879","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1420","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1976.231.5.1457","volume":"231","author":"DW Proppe","year":"1976","unstructured":"Proppe DW, Brengelmann GL, Rowell LB (1976) Control of baboon limb blood flow and heart rate\u2014role of skin vs. core temperature. Am J Physiol 231:1457\u20131465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1976.231.5.1457","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1421","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00541.2002","volume":"94","author":"CI Proulx","year":"2003","unstructured":"Proulx CI, Ducharme MB, Kenny GP (2003) Effect of water temperature on cooling efficiency during hyperthermia in humans. J Appl Physiol 94:1317\u20131323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00541.2002","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-005-0063-y","volume":"96","author":"CI Proulx","year":"2006","unstructured":"Proulx CI, Ducharme MB, Kenny GP (2006) Safe cooling limits from exercise-induced hyperthermia. Eur J Appl Physiol 96:434\u2013445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-005-0063-y","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1423","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X15004628","volume":"30","author":"RR Pryor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pryor RR, Roth RN, Suyama J, Hostler D (2015) Exertional heat illness: emerging concepts and advances in prehospital care. Prehosp Disaster Med 30:297\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1049023X15004628","journal-title":"Prehosp Disaster Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1424","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-366-19","volume":"57","author":"RR Pryor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pryor RR, Pryor JL, McDermott BP (2022) Persistent knowledge gaps regarding exertional heat stroke treatment. J Athl Train 57:756\u2013759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-366-19","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"5276_CR1425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-013-0669-4","volume":"58","author":"A Psikuta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Psikuta A, Niedermann R, Rossi RM (2014) Effect of ambient temperature and attachment method on surface temperature measurements. Int J Biometeorol 58:877\u2013885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-013-0669-4","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"5276_CR1426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(64)91227-9","volume":"283","author":"LGCE Pugh","year":"1964","unstructured":"Pugh LGCE (1964) Deaths from exposure on Four Inns walking competition, March 14\u201315, 1964. Report to Medical Commission on accident prevention. Lancet 283:1210\u20131212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(64)91227-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5276_CR1427","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5548.333","volume":"2","author":"LGCE Pugh","year":"1967","unstructured":"Pugh LGCE (1967) Cold stress and muscular exercise, with special reference to accidental hypothermia. BMJ 2:333\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.2.5548.333","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR1428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1967.23.3.347","volume":"23","author":"LGCE Pugh","year":"1967","unstructured":"Pugh LGCE, Corbett JL, Johnson RH (1967) Rectal temperatures, weight losses, and sweat rates in marathon running. J Appl Physiol 23:347\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1967.23.3.347","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(55)92454-5","volume":"266","author":"LGCE Pugh","year":"1955","unstructured":"Pugh LGCE, Edholm OG (1955) The physiology of channel swimmers. Lancet 266:761\u2013768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(55)92454-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5276_CR1430","first-page":"257","volume":"19","author":"LGCE Pugh","year":"1960","unstructured":"Pugh LGCE, Edholm OG, Fox RH, Wolff HS, Hervey GR, Hammond WH, Tanner JM, Whitehouse RH (1960) A physiological study of channel swimming. Clin Sci 19:257\u2013273","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1431","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/00004630-198607000-00007","volume":"7","author":"GF Purdue","year":"1986","unstructured":"Purdue GF, Hunt JL (1986) Cold injury: a collective review. J Burn Care Rehabil 7:331\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004630-198607000-00007","journal-title":"J Burn Care Rehabil"},{"key":"5276_CR1432","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1080\/00431672.1981.9931958","volume":"34","author":"R Quayle","year":"1981","unstructured":"Quayle R, Doehring F (1981) Heat stress: a comparison of indices. Weatherwise 34:120\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00431672.1981.9931958","journal-title":"Weatherwise"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"5276_CR1433","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12467","volume":"25","author":"S Racinais","year":"2015","unstructured":"Racinais S, Alonso JM, Coutts AJ, Flouris AD, Girard O, Gonz\u00e1lez-Alonso J, Hausswirth C, Jay O, Lee JK, Mitchell N, Nassis GP, Nybo L, Pluim BM, Roelands B, Sawka MN, Wingo JE, P\u00e9riard JD (2015) Consensus recommendations on training and competing in the heat. Scand J Med Sci Sports 25(Supplement 1):6\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.12467","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"5276_CR1434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-105942","author":"S Racinais","year":"2022","unstructured":"Racinais S, Hosokawa Y, Akama T, Bermon S, Bigard X, Casa DJ, Grundstein A, Jay O, Massey A, Migliorini S, Mountjoy M, Nikolic N, Pitsiladis YP, Schobersberger W, Steinacker JM, Yamasawa F, Zideman DA, Engebretsen L, Budgett R (2022) IOC consensus statement on recommendations and regulations for sport events in the heat. Br J Sports Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2022-105942","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR5099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Racinais S, Ihsan M, P\u00e9riard JD (2019a) Neural and muscular function in the heat. In: P\u00e9riard JD, Racinais S (eds) Heat Stress in Sport and Exercise. Springer, Cham, pp 67\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-93515-7_4","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-93515-7_4"},{"key":"5276_CR1435","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099881","volume":"53","author":"S Racinais","year":"2019","unstructured":"Racinais S, Moussay S, Nichols D, Travers G, Belfekih T, Schumacher YO, Periard JD (2019b) Core temperature up to 41.5\u00a0\u00b0C during the UCI road cycling world championships in the heat. Br J Sports Med 53:426\u2013429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099881","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1436","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.53.3.610","volume":"53","author":"MW Radomski","year":"1982","unstructured":"Radomski MW, Boutelier C (1982) Hormone response of normal and intermittent cold-preadapted humans to continuous cold. J Appl Physiol 53:610\u2013616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1982.53.3.610","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R197","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1990.259.2.R197","volume":"259","author":"JA Rall","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rall JA, Woledge RC (1990) Influence of temperature on mechanics and energetics of muscle contraction. Am J Physiol 259:R197\u2013R203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.1990.259.2.R197","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1438","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/0002889738506866","volume":"34","author":"NL Ramanathan","year":"1973","unstructured":"Ramanathan NL, Belding HS (1973) Physiological evaluation of the WBGT index for occupational heat stress. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 34:375\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0002889738506866","journal-title":"Am Ind Hyg Assoc J"},{"key":"5276_CR1439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035942","volume":"121","author":"DS Ramsay","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ramsay DS, Woods SC (2014) Clarifying the roles of homeostasis and allostasis in physiological regulation. Psychol Rev 121:225\u2013247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0035942","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR1440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1909.tb00053.x","volume":"21","author":"D Rancken","year":"1909","unstructured":"Rancken D, Tigerstedt RA (1909) Weiteres \u00fcber die temperatur im magen des menschen 1. Skandinavisches Archiv F\u00fcr Physiologie 21:80\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1909.tb00053.x","journal-title":"Skandinavisches Archiv F\u00fcr Physiologie"},{"key":"5276_CR1441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046539","volume":"11","author":"GK Rangan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rangan GK, Dorani N, Zhang MM, Abu-Zarour L, Lau HC, Munt A, Chandra AN, Saravanabavan S, Rangan A, Zhang JQJ, Howell M, Wong AT (2021) Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hyponatraemia associated with oral water intake in adults a systematic review. BMJ Open 11:e046539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046539","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"5276_CR1442","first-page":"392","volume":"63","author":"GM Rapp","year":"1971","unstructured":"Rapp GM (1971) Convection coefficients of man in a forensic area of thermal physiology: heat transfer in underwater exercise. J Physiol (paris) 63:392\u2013396","journal-title":"J Physiol (paris)"},{"key":"5276_CR1443","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200408000-00003","volume":"328","author":"M Rav-Acha","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rav-Acha M, Hadad E, Heled Y, Moran DS, Epstein Y (2004) Fatal exertional heat stroke: a case series. Am J Med Sci 328:84\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000441-200408000-00003","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.1113\/JP279447","volume":"598","author":"N Ravanelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ravanelli N, Imbeault P, Jay O (2020) Steady-state sweating during exercise is determined by the evaporative requirement for heat balance independently of absolute core and skin temperatures. J Physiol 598:2607\u20132619. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP279447","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.5040\/9781492597407.ch-006","volume-title":"History of Exercise Physiology","author":"PB Raven","year":"2014","unstructured":"Raven PB, Kjaer M, Hellsten Y (2014) Contributions from copenhagen muscle research center. In: Tipton CM (ed) History of Exercise Physiology. Human Kinetics, Champaign, pp 89\u2013104"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"5276_CR1446","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0689-z","volume":"47","author":"ES Rawson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rawson ES, Clarkson PM, Tarnopolsky MA (2017) Perspectives on exertional rhabdomyolysis. Sports Med 47(Supplement 1):33\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-017-0689-z","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1447","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-006-0086-5","volume":"48","author":"FD Reardon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Reardon FD, Leppik KE, Wegmann R, Webb P, Ducharme MB, Kenny GP (2006) The Snellen human calorimeter revisited, re-engineered and upgraded: design and performance characteristics. Med Biol Eng Comput 48:721\u2013728","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"5276_CR1448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C891","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1992.262.4.C891","volume":"262","author":"MM Reddy","year":"1992","unstructured":"Reddy MM, Bell CL, Quinton PM (1992) Evidence of two distinct epithelial cell types in primary cultures from human sweat gland secretory coil. Am J Physiol 262:C891\u2013C898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpcell.1992.262.4.C891","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1449","first-page":"248","volume":"35","author":"JP Rees","year":"1935","unstructured":"Rees JP (1935) Dry mining and the cooling power of the air. J South Afr Inst Min Metall 35:248\u2013253","journal-title":"J South Afr Inst Min Metall"},{"key":"5276_CR1450","unstructured":"Regan JM (1998) Human physiological responses to cold-water immersion: acute and repeated exposures. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Wollongong, Australia"},{"key":"5276_CR1451","first-page":"83","volume":"24","author":"PB Rehberg","year":"1951","unstructured":"Rehberg PB (1951) August Krogh, November 15, 1874\u2013September 13, 1949. Yale J Biol Med 24:83\u2013102","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1452","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200131100-00001","volume":"31","author":"NJ Rehrer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rehrer NJ (2001) Fluid and electrolyte balance in ultra-endurance sport. Sports Med 31:701\u2013715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-200131100-00001","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1453","first-page":"S13","volume":"53","author":"NJ Rehrer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rehrer NJ, Burke LM (1996) Sweat losses during various sports. Aust J Nutr Diet 53:S13\u2013S16","journal-title":"Aust J Nutr Diet"},{"key":"5276_CR1454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1038\/270147a0","volume":"270","author":"LF Reichardt","year":"1977","unstructured":"Reichardt LF, Patterson PH (1977) Neurotransmitter synthesis and uptake by isolated sympathetic neurons in microcultures. Nature 270:147\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/270147a0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5276_CR1455","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2014.06.009","volume":"45","author":"J Renberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Renberg J, Sandsund M, Wiggen \u00d8N, Reinertsen RE (2014) Effect of ambient temperature on female endurance performance. J Therm Biol 45:9\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2014.06.009","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR1456","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(30)80033-6","volume":"23","author":"DC Rennie","year":"1930","unstructured":"Rennie DC (1930) Notes on the cold (anti-heat stroke) ward at Masjid-i-Suleiman, South Persia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 23:645\u2013648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0035-9203(30)80033-6","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"5276_CR1457","first-page":"211","volume-title":"Man in stressful environments: thermal and work physiology","author":"DW Rennie","year":"1987","unstructured":"Rennie DW (1987) Tissue heat transfer during exercise in water. In: Shiraki K, Yousef MK (eds) Man in stressful environments: thermal and work physiology. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, pp 211\u2013223"},{"issue":"Supplement","key":"5276_CR1458","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S177","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198810001-00016","volume":"20","author":"DW Rennie","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rennie DW (1988) Tissue heat transfer in water: lessons from the Korean divers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 20(Supplement):S177\u2013S184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/00005768-198810001-00016","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR1459","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1962.17.6.961","volume":"17","author":"DW Rennie","year":"1962","unstructured":"Rennie DW, Covino BG, Howell BJ, Song SH, Kang BS, Hong SK (1962) Physical insulation of Korean diving women. J Appl Physiol 17:961\u2013966. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1962.17.6.961","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1460","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1979.tb125753.x","volume":"2","author":"R Richards","year":"1979","unstructured":"Richards R, Richards D, Schofield PJ, Ross V, Sutton JR (1979) Reducing the hazards in Sydney\u2019s the Sun city-to-surf runs, 1971 to 1979. Med J Aust 2:453\u2013457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1979.tb125753.x","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"5276_CR1461","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1080\/10803548.2008","volume":"14","author":"MG Richards","year":"2008","unstructured":"Richards MG, Rossi R, Meinander H, Broede P, Candas V, den Hartog E, Holm\u00e9r I, Nocker W, Havenith G (2008) Dry and wet heat transfer through clothing dependent on the clothing properties under cold conditions. Int J Occup Saf Ergon 14:69\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10803548.2008","journal-title":"Int J Occup Saf Ergon"},{"key":"5276_CR1462","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1150","volume":"337","author":"C Richmond","year":"2008","unstructured":"Richmond C (2008) William Richard Keatinge. Br Med J 337:a1150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.a1150","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"5276_CR1463","first-page":"312","volume":"5","author":"C Richet","year":"1893","unstructured":"Richet C (1893) Le frisson comme appareil de regulation thermique. Archiv F\u00fcr Anatomie Und Physiologie 5:312\u2013326","journal-title":"Archiv F\u00fcr Anatomie Und Physiologie"},{"key":"5276_CR1464","volume-title":"Antoine Lavoisier: scientist and citizen","author":"SR Riedman","year":"1957","unstructured":"Riedman SR (1957) Antoine Lavoisier: scientist and citizen. Thomas Nelson & Sons, New York"},{"issue":"Supplement 2","key":"5276_CR1465","first-page":"29","volume":"49","author":"H Rintam\u00e4ki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rintam\u00e4ki H (2007) Human responses to cold. Alaska Med 49(Supplement 2):29\u201331","journal-title":"Alaska Med"},{"issue":"Supplement 2","key":"5276_CR1466","first-page":"32","volume":"54","author":"H Rintam\u00e4ki","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rintam\u00e4ki H, M\u00e4kinen T, Oksa J, Latvala J (1995) Water balance and physical performance in cold. Arctic Med Res 54(Supplement 2):32\u201336","journal-title":"Arctic Med Res"},{"key":"5276_CR1467","volume-title":"Climate and human variability. Cummings modular program in anthropology","author":"DF Roberts","year":"1978","unstructured":"Roberts DF (1978) Climate and human variability. Cummings modular program in anthropology. Cummings Publishing Company, Menlo Park"},{"key":"5276_CR1468","first-page":"1108","volume-title":"History of physical anthropology: an encyclopedia","author":"DF Roberts","year":"1997","unstructured":"Roberts DF (1997) Weiner, Joseph Sidney (1915\u20131982). In: Spencer F (ed) History of physical anthropology: an encyclopedia. Garland, New York, pp 1108\u20131110"},{"key":"5276_CR1469","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200009000-00004","volume":"32","author":"WO Roberts","year":"2000","unstructured":"Roberts WO (2000) A 12-yr profile of medical injury and illness for the Twin Cities Marathon. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32:1549\u20131555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005768-200009000-00004","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR1470","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000878","volume":"20","author":"WO Roberts","year":"2021","unstructured":"Roberts WO, Armstrong LE, Sawka MN, Yeargin SW, Heled Y, O\u2019Connor FG (2021) ACSM expert consensus statement on exertional heat illness: recognition, management, and return to activity. Curr Sports Med Rep 20:470\u2013484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000878","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"key":"5276_CR1471","volume-title":"Environmental physiology physiology series one","year":"1974","unstructured":"Robertshaw D (ed) (1974) Environmental physiology physiology series one, vol 7. Butterworths, London"},{"key":"5276_CR1472","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12497922","volume":"69","author":"D Robertshaw","year":"1977","unstructured":"Robertshaw D (1977) Neuroendocrine control of sweat glands. J Investig Dermatol 69:121\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12497922","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"5276_CR1473","first-page":"385","volume-title":"The kidney","author":"GL Robertson","year":"1986","unstructured":"Robertson GL, Berl T (1986) Water metabolism. In: Brenner BM, Rector FCJ (eds) The kidney. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 385\u2013432"},{"key":"5276_CR1474","first-page":"193","volume-title":"Physiology of heat regulation and the science of clothing","author":"S Robinson","year":"1949","unstructured":"Robinson S (1949) Physiologic adjustments to heat. In: Newburgh LH (ed) Physiology of heat regulation and the science of clothing. Hafner Publishing Company, New York, pp 193\u2013231"},{"key":"5276_CR1475","first-page":"287","volume-title":"Temperature: its measurement and control in science and industry","author":"S Robinson","year":"1963","unstructured":"Robinson S (1963) Circulatory adjustments in men in hot environments. In: Hardy JD (ed) Temperature: its measurement and control in science and industry, vol 3, Part 3. Reinhold Publishing Co., New York, pp 287\u2013297"},{"key":"5276_CR1476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1975.tb34189.x","volume":"248","author":"AG Robinson","year":"1975","unstructured":"Robinson AG (1975) Radioimmunoassay of neurophysin proteins: utilization of specific neurophysin assays to demonstrate independent secretion of different neurophysins in vivo. Ann NY Acad Sci 248:246\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1975.tb34189.x","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1126\/science.85.2208.409","volume":"85","author":"S Robinson","year":"1937","unstructured":"Robinson S, Edwards HT, Dill DB (1937) New records in human power. Science 85:409\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.85.2208.409","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5276_CR1478","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1947.149.2.476","volume":"149","author":"S Robinson","year":"1947","unstructured":"Robinson S, Gerking SD (1947) Thermal balance of men working in severe heat. Am J Physiol 149:476\u2013488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1947.149.2.476","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1479","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1965.20.4.575","volume":"20","author":"S Robinson","year":"1965","unstructured":"Robinson S, Meyer FR, Newton JL, Ts\u2019ao CH, Holgersen LO (1965) Relations between sweating, cutaneous blood flow, and body temperature in work. J Appl Physiol 20:575\u2013582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1965.20.4.575","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1480","first-page":"84","volume-title":"Environmental physiology","author":"S Robinson","year":"1974","unstructured":"Robinson S, Weigman DL (1974) Temperature and humidity. Part B: heat and humidity. In: Slonim BB (ed) Environmental physiology. C.V. Mosby Company, St. Louis, pp 84\u2013118"},{"key":"5276_CR1481","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roddie IC (1983) Circulation to skin and adipose tissue. Comprehensive physiology. Supplement 8: handbook of physiology, the cardiovascular system, peripheral circulation and organ blood flow, pp 285\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.cp020310","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.cp020310"},{"key":"5276_CR1482","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1956.sp005490","volume":"131","author":"IC Roddie","year":"1956","unstructured":"Roddie IC, Shepherd JT (1956) The blood flow through the hand during local heating, release of sympathetic vasomotor tone by indirect heating, and a combination of both. J Physiol 131:657\u2013664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1956.sp005490","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1483","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1957.sp005776","volume":"136","author":"IC Roddie","year":"1957","unstructured":"Roddie IC, Shepherd JT (1957) Evidence for critical closure of digital resistance vessels with reduced transmural pressure and passive dilatation with increased venous pressure. J Physiol 136:498\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1957.sp005776","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1484","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1956.sp005656","volume":"134","author":"IC Roddie","year":"1956","unstructured":"Roddie IC, Shepherd JT, Whelan RF (1956) Evidence from venous oxygen saturation measurements that the increase in forearm blood flow during body heating is confined to the skin. J Physiol 134:444\u2013450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1956.sp005656","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1957.sp005775","volume":"136","author":"IC Roddie","year":"1957","unstructured":"Roddie IC, Shepherd JT, Whelan RF (1957a) The contribution of constrictor and dilator nerves to the skin vasodilatation during body heating. J Physiol 136:489\u2013497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1957.sp005775","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1957.sp005861","volume":"138","author":"IC Roddie","year":"1957","unstructured":"Roddie IC, Shepherd JT, Whelan RF (1957b) A comparison of the heat elimination from the normal and nerve-blocked finger during body heating. J Physiol 138:445\u2013448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1957.sp005861","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1487","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-10-01-05","volume":"10","author":"L Rogers","year":"1908","unstructured":"Rogers L (1908) The relationship of the temperature and moisture of the atmosphere to the incidence of heat-stroke. BMJ Military Health 10:25\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jramc-10-01-05","journal-title":"BMJ Military Health"},{"key":"5276_CR1488","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2010.02973.x","volume":"34","author":"A Roguin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roguin A (2011) Henry Cuthbert Bazett (1885\u20131950)\u2014the man behind the QT interval correction formula. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 34:384\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2010.02973.x","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1489","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1177\/03091333114090","volume":"35","author":"RV Rohli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rohli RV, Bierly GD (2011) The lost legacy of Robert DeCourcy Ward in American geographical climatology. Prog Phys Geogr 35:547\u2013564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03091333114090","journal-title":"Prog Phys Geogr"},{"key":"5276_CR1490","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1968.24.5.717","volume":"24","author":"WL Roller","year":"1968","unstructured":"Roller WL, Goldman RF (1968) Prediction of solar heat load on man. J Appl Physiol 24:717\u2013721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1968.24.5.717","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1491","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.4.1535","volume":"65","author":"TT Romet","year":"1988","unstructured":"Romet TT (1988) Mechanism of afterdrop after cold water immersion. J Appl Physiol 65:1535\u20131538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.4.1535","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1492","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e521","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001283","volume":"43","author":"BS Romlin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Romlin BS, Winberg H, Janson M, Nilsson B, Bj\u00f6rk K, Jeppsson A, Drake G, Claesson A (2015) Excellent outcome with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after accidental profound hypothermia (13.8\u00a0\u00b0C) and drowning. Crit Care Med 43:e521\u2013e525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001283","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1493","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31816d65bb","volume":"40","author":"K Ronneberg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ronneberg K, Roberts WO, McBean AD, Center BA (2008) Temporal artery temperature measurements do not detect hyperthermic marathon runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 40:1373\u20131375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31816d65bb","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR1494","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23715","volume":"34","author":"AY Rosinger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rosinger AY, Bethancourt HJ, Swanson ZS, Lopez K, Kenney WL, Huanca T, Conde E, Nzunza R, Ndiema E, Braun DR, Pontzer H (2022) Cross-cultural variation in thirst perception in hot-humid and hot-arid environments: evidence from two small-scale populations. Am J Hum Biol 34:e23715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajhb.23715","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR1495","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02730806","volume":"2","author":"MH Rosner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rosner MH, Kirven J (2007) Exercise-associated hyponatremia. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2:151\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.02730806","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"5276_CR1496","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12023","volume":"14","author":"S R\u00f6ssner","year":"2013","unstructured":"R\u00f6ssner S (2013) Max Rubner (1854\u20131932). Obes Rev 14:432\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/obr.12023","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR1497","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/s0196-0644(96)70007-0","volume":"28","author":"RN Roth","year":"1996","unstructured":"Roth RN, Verdile VP, Grollman LJ, Stone DA (1996) Agreement between rectal and tympanic membrane temperatures in marathon runners. Ann Emerg Med 28:414\u2013417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0196-0644(96)70007-0","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1983.63.4.1281","volume":"63","author":"CF Rothe","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rothe CF (1983) Reflex control of veins and vascular capacitance. Physiol Rev 63:1281\u20131342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1983.63.4.1281","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR1499","first-page":"254","volume-title":"Physiological of man in the desert","author":"A Rothstein","year":"1947","unstructured":"Rothstein A, Adolph EF, Wills JH (1947) Voluntary dehydration. In: Adolph EF (ed) Physiological of man in the desert. Interscience Publishing Company, New York, pp 254\u2013270"},{"key":"5276_CR1500","first-page":"172","volume-title":"Physiological of man in the desert","author":"A Rothstein","year":"1947","unstructured":"Rothstein A, Towbin EJ (1947) Blood circulation and temperatures of men dehydrating in the heat. In: Adolph EF (ed) Physiological of man in the desert. Interscience Publishing Company, New York, pp 172\u2013196"},{"key":"5276_CR1501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbm.1949.0001","volume":"6","author":"FJW Roughton","year":"1949","unstructured":"Roughton FJW (1949) Joseph Barcroft, 1872\u20131947. Biogr Mem Fellows R Soc 6:315\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbm.1949.0001","journal-title":"Biogr Mem Fellows R Soc"},{"key":"5276_CR1502","first-page":"127","volume":"16","author":"LB Rowell","year":"1973","unstructured":"Rowell LB (1973) Regulation of splanchnic blood flow in man. Physiologist 16:127\u2013142","journal-title":"Physiologist"},{"key":"5276_CR1503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1974.54.1.75","volume":"54","author":"LB Rowell","year":"1974","unstructured":"Rowell LB (1974) Human cardiovascular adjustments to exercise and thermal stress. Physiol Rev 54:75\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1974.54.1.75","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR1504","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Problems with temperature regulation during exercise","author":"LB Rowell","year":"1977","unstructured":"Rowell LB (1977) Competition between skin and muscle for blood flow during exercise. In: Nadel ER (ed) Problems with temperature regulation during exercise. Academic Press, New York, pp 49\u201377"},{"key":"5276_CR1505","volume-title":"Human circulation. Regulation during physical stress","author":"LB Rowell","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rowell LB (1986) Human circulation. Regulation during physical stress. Oxford University Press, New York"},{"key":"5276_CR1506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195073621.001.0001","volume-title":"Human cardiovascular control","author":"LB Rowell","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rowell LB (1993) Human cardiovascular control. Oxford University Press, New York"},{"key":"5276_CR1507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1997.tb01793.x","volume":"24","author":"LB Rowell","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rowell LB (1997) Neural control of muscle blood flow: importance during dynamic exercise. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 24:117\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1997.tb01793.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1970.28.4.415","volume":"28","author":"LB Rowell","year":"1970","unstructured":"Rowell LB, Brengelmann GL, Blackmon JR, Murray JA (1970) Redistribution of blood flow during sustained high skin temperature in resting man. J Appl Physiol 28:415\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1970.28.4.415","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1968.24.4.475","volume":"24","author":"LB Rowell","year":"1968","unstructured":"Rowell LB, Brengelmann GL, Blackmon JR, Twiss RD, Kusumi F (1968) Splanchnic blood flow and metabolism in heat-stressed man. J Appl Physiol 24:475\u2013484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1968.24.4.475","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1969.27.5.673","volume":"27","author":"LB Rowell","year":"1969","unstructured":"Rowell LB, Brengelmann GL, Murray JA (1969a) Cardiovascular responses to sustained high skin temperature in resting man. J Appl Physiol 27:673\u2013680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1969.27.5.673","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1969.26.4.395","volume":"26","author":"LB Rowell","year":"1969","unstructured":"Rowell LB, Brengelmann GL, Murray JA, Kraning KK, Kusumi F (1969b) Human metabolic responses to hyperthermia during mild to maximal exercise. J Appl Physiol 26:395\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1969.26.4.395","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1512","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1967.22.3.509","volume":"22","author":"LB Rowell","year":"1967","unstructured":"Rowell LB, Kraning KK, Kennedy JW, Evans TO (1967) Central circulatory responses to work in dry heat before and after acclimatization. J Appl Physiol 22:509\u2013518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1967.22.3.509","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1513","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01196.2007","volume":"105","author":"T Rowland","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rowland T (2008) Thermoregulation during exercise in the heat in children: old concepts revisited. J Appl Physiol 105:718\u2013724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01196.2007","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1514","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1922.2.1.116","volume":"2","author":"LG Rowntree","year":"1922","unstructured":"Rowntree LG (1922) The water balance of the body. Physiol Rev 2:116\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1922.2.1.116","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR1515","volume-title":"Quantities, units and symbols. A report by the Symbols Committee of the Royal Society","author":"Royal Society","year":"1975","unstructured":"Royal Society (1975) Quantities, units and symbols. A report by the Symbols Committee of the Royal Society. Royal Society, London"},{"key":"5276_CR1516","first-page":"390","volume":"46","author":"M R\u00fcbner","year":"1903","unstructured":"R\u00fcbner M (1903) Die Wirkung kurzdauernder Douchen und B\u00e4der auf den respiratorischen Gaswechsel beim Menschen. Archiv F\u00fcr Hygiene 46:390\u2013411","journal-title":"Archiv F\u00fcr Hygiene"},{"key":"5276_CR1517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-7648-1-8","volume":"1","author":"CA R\u00fcst","year":"2012","unstructured":"R\u00fcst CA, Knechtle B, Rosemann T (2012) Changes in body core and body surface temperatures during prolonged swimming in water of 10\u00a0\u00b0C\u2014a case report. Extreme Physiol Med 1:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2046-7648-1-8","journal-title":"Extreme Physiol Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1518","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1113\/JP283975","volume":"601","author":"BJ Ryan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ryan BJ, Charkoudian N, Joyner MJ (2023) Human performance augmentation: the importance of integrative physiological quantification. J Physiol 601:407\u2013416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP283975","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1519","first-page":"468","volume":"27","author":"S Sabbatani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sabbatani S, Fiorino S, Manfredi R (2019) The health of Italian troops and prisoners during World War I. Infez Med 27:468\u2013478","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"key":"5276_CR4545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.6.2413","volume":"65","author":"S Sagawa","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sagawa S, Shiraki K, Yousef MK, Konda N (1988) Water temperature and intensity of exercise in maintenance of thermal equilibrium. J Appl Physiol 65:2413\u20132419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.6.2413","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1520","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0530","volume":"58","author":"M Saito","year":"2009","unstructured":"Saito M, Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Matsushita M, Watanabe K, Yoneshiro T, Nio-Kobayashi J, Iwanaga T, Miyagawa M, Kameya T, Nakada K, Kawai Y, Tsujisaki M (2009) High incidence of metabolically active brown adipose tissue in healthy adult humans: effects of cold exposure and adiposity. Diabetes 58:1526\u20131531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db09-0530","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"5276_CR1521","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icheatmasstransfer.2021.105739","volume":"130","author":"U Sajjad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sajjad U, Hamid K, Sultan M, Abbas N, Ali HM, Imran M, Muneeshwaran M, Chang JY, Wang CC (2022) Personal thermal management\u2014a review on strategies, progress, and prospects. Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer 130:105739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.icheatmasstransfer.2021.105739","journal-title":"Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer"},{"key":"5276_CR1522","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13623","volume":"30","author":"JM Saldaris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saldaris JM, Landers GJ, Lay BS (2020) Physical and perceptual cooling: Improving cognitive function, mood disturbance and time to fatigue in the heat. Scand J Med Sci Sports 30:801\u2013811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.13623","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"5276_CR1523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199910000-00002","volume":"31","author":"R Sallis","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sallis R, Chassay CM (1999) Recognizing and treating common cold-induced injury in outdoor sports. Med Sci Sports Exerc 31:1367\u20131373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005768-199910000-00002","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR1524","first-page":"193","volume-title":"Physiological and behavioral temperature regulation","author":"B Saltin","year":"1970","unstructured":"Saltin B (1970) Circulatory adjustments and body temperature regulation during exercise. In: Hardy JD, Gagge AP, Stolwijk JAJ (eds) Physiological and behavioral temperature regulation. C.C. Thomas, Springfield, pp 193\u2013203"},{"key":"5276_CR1525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1967.23.3.353","volume":"23","author":"B Saltin","year":"1967","unstructured":"Saltin B, \u00c5strand P-O (1967) Maximal oxygen uptake in athletes. J Appl Physiol 23:353\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1967.23.3.353","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"Supplement 7","key":"5276_CR1526","first-page":"1","volume":"38","author":"B Saltin","year":"1968","unstructured":"Saltin B, Blomqvist G, Mitchell JH, Johnson RLJ, Wildenthal K, Chapman CB (1968a) Response to exercise after bed rest and after training. Circulation 38(Supplement 7):1\u201378","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"5276_CR1527","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1968.25.6.679","volume":"25","author":"B Saltin","year":"1968","unstructured":"Saltin B, Gagge AP, Stolwijk JAJ (1968b) Muscle temperature during submaximal exercise in man. J Appl Physiol 25:679\u2013688. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1968.25.6.679","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1972.32.5.635","volume":"32","author":"B Saltin","year":"1972","unstructured":"Saltin B, Gagge AP, Bergh U, Stolwijk JAJ (1972) Body temperatures and sweating during exhaustive exercise. J Appl Physiol 32:635\u2013643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1972.32.5.635","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1970.28.3.318","volume":"28","author":"B Saltin","year":"1970","unstructured":"Saltin B, Gagge AP, Stolwijk JAJ (1970) Body temperatures and sweating during thermal transients caused by exercise. J Appl Physiol 28:318\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1970.28.3.318","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1530","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.1942.744","volume":"1","author":"LW Sambon","year":"1898","unstructured":"Sambon LW (1898a) Remarks on the etiology of sunstroke (siriasis): not heat fever, but an infectious disease. BMJ 1:744\u2013748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.1.1942.744","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR1531","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.2307\/1774284","volume":"12","author":"LW Sambon","year":"1898","unstructured":"Sambon LW (1898b) Acclimatization of Europeans in tropical lands. Geogr J 12:589\u2013599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1774284","journal-title":"Geogr J"},{"key":"5276_CR1532","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Man in stressful environments: thermal and work physiology","author":"S Samueloff","year":"1987","unstructured":"Samueloff S (1987) Thermoregulatory responses in genetically different ethnic groups. In: Shiraki K, Yousef MK (eds) Man in stressful environments: thermal and work physiology. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, pp 23\u201334"},{"key":"5276_CR1533","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0749","volume":"12","author":"\u00d8 Sandbakk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sandbakk \u00d8, Holmberg HC (2017) Physiological capacity and training routines of elite cross-country skiers: approaching the upper limits of human endurance. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 12:1003\u20131011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0749","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"5276_CR1534","first-page":"143","volume-title":"The anthropology of sport and human movement: a biocultural perspective","author":"RR Sands","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sands RR (2010) Homo cursor: running into the pleistocene. In: Sands RR, Sands LR (eds) The anthropology of sport and human movement: a biocultural perspective. Lexington Books, Lanham, pp 143\u2013181"},{"key":"5276_CR1535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.25.032502.111311","volume":"25","author":"CB Saper","year":"2002","unstructured":"Saper CB (2002) The central autonomic nervous system: conscious visceral perception and autonomic pattern generation. Annu Rev Neurosci 25:433\u2013469","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"5276_CR1536","first-page":"22","volume":"65","author":"AG Sapper","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sapper AG (2020) An emperor without clothes: no scientific basis to rely on NWS Heat Index chart. Prof Saf 65:22\u201323","journal-title":"Prof Saf"},{"key":"5276_CR1537","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0037089","volume":"79","author":"K Sato","year":"1977","unstructured":"Sato K (1977) The physiology, pharmacology, and biochemistry of the eccrine sweat gland. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 79:51\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BFb0037089","journal-title":"Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"5276_CR1538","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12259272","volume":"54","author":"K Sato","year":"1970","unstructured":"Sato K, Dobson RL (1970) Regional and individual variations in the function of the human eccrine sweat gland. J Investig Dermatol 54:443\u2013449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12259272","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"5276_CR1539","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R44","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1981.240.1.R44","volume":"240","author":"K Sato","year":"1981","unstructured":"Sato K, Sato F (1981) Pharmacologic responsiveness of isolated single eccrine sweat glands. Am J Physiol 240:R44\u2013R51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.1981.240.1.R44","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1540","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R203","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1983.245.2.R203","volume":"245","author":"K Sato","year":"1983","unstructured":"Sato K, Sato F (1983) Individual variations in structure and function of human eccrine sweat gland. Am J Physiol 245:R203\u2013R208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.1983.245.2.R203","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1541","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1985.58.1.4","volume":"58","author":"GK Savard","year":"1985","unstructured":"Savard GK, Cooper KE, Veale WL, Malkinson TJ (1985) Peripheral blood flow during rewarming from mild hypothermia in humans. J Appl Physiol 58:4\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1985.58.1.4","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR7099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.64.2.649","volume":"64","author":"GK Savard","year":"1988","unstructured":"Savard GK, Nielsen B, Laszczynska J, Larsen BE, Saltin B (1988) Muscle blood flow is not reduced in humans during moderate exercise and heat stress.  J Appl Physiol 64:649\u2013657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1988.64.2.649","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1542","first-page":"657","volume":"24","author":"MN Sawka","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sawka MN (1992) Physiological consequences of hypohydration: exercise performance and thermoregulation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 24:657\u2013670","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR1543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e31802ca597","volume":"39","author":"MN Sawka","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sawka MN, Burke LM, Eichner ER, Maughan RJ, Montain SJ, Stachenfeld NS (2007) American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and fluid replacement. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39:377\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/mss.0b013e31802ca597","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR1544","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2011.061002","volume":"97","author":"MN Sawka","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sawka MN, Cheuvront SN, Kenefick RW (2012) High skin temperature and hypohydration impair aerobic performance. Exp Physiol 97:327\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/expphysiol.2011.061002","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1984.56.1.91","volume":"56","author":"MN Sawka","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sawka MN, Francesconi RP, Pimental NA, Pandolf KB (1984a) Hydration and vascular fluid shifts during exercise in the heat. J Appl Physiol 56:91\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1984.56.1.91","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1546","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03350090041020","volume":"252","author":"MN Sawka","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sawka MN, Francesconi RP, Young AJ, Pandolf KB (1984b) Influence of hydration level and body fluids on exercise performance in the heat. J Am Med Assoc 252:1165\u20131169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1984.03350090041020","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"5276_CR1547","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1984.57.4.1050","volume":"57","author":"MN Sawka","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sawka MN, Gonzalez RR, Drolet LL, Pandolf KB (1984c) Heat exchange during upper-and lower-body exercise. J Appl Physiol 57:1050\u20131054. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1984.57.4.1050","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1548","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00433398","volume":"52","author":"MN Sawka","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sawka MN, Pimental NA, Pandolf KB (1984d) Thermoregulatory responses to upper body exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 52:230\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00433398","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1549","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00429066","volume":"51","author":"MN Sawka","year":"1983","unstructured":"Sawka MN, Hubbard RW, Francesconi RP, Horstman DH (1983) Effects of acute plasma volume expansion on altering exercise-heat performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 51:303\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00429066","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1550","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200103000-00014","volume":"33","author":"MN Sawka","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sawka MN, Latzka WA, Montain SJ, Cadarette BS, Kolka MA, Kraning KK, Gonzalez RR (2001a) Physiologic tolerance to uncompensable heat: intermittent exercise, field vs laboratory. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33:422\u2013430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005768-200103000-00014","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR1551","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/s1095-6433(01)00274-4","volume":"128","author":"MN Sawka","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sawka MN, Montain SJ, Latzka WA (2001b) Hydration effects on thermoregulation and performance in the heat. Comp Biochem Physiol Part A 128:679\u2013690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1095-6433(01)00274-4","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol Part A"},{"key":"5276_CR1552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c100082","volume":"1","author":"MN Sawka","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sawka MN, Leon LR, Montain SJ, Sonna LA (2011) Integrated physiological mechanisms of exercise performance, adaptation, and maladaptation to heat stress. Compr Physiol 1:1883\u20131928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c100082","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e318124a664","volume":"39","author":"MN Sawka","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sawka MN, Noakes TD (2007) Does dehydration impair exercise performance? Med Sci Sports Exerc 39:1209\u20131217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/mss.0b013e318124a664","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR1554","volume-title":"Physiological responses to acute exercise-heat stress. Report AD-A192 606","author":"MN Sawka","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sawka MN, Wenger CB (1988) Physiological responses to acute exercise-heat stress. Report AD-A192 606. U.S Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick"},{"key":"5276_CR1555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sawka MN, Wenger CB and Pandolf KB (1996) Thermoregulatory responses to acute exercise-heat stress and heat acclimation. Comprehensive Physiology. Supplement 14: Handbook of Physiology, Environmental Physiology, pp 157\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.cp040109","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.cp040109"},{"key":"5276_CR1556","first-page":"535","volume-title":"ACSM\u2019s advanced exercise physiology","author":"MN Sawka","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sawka MN, Young AJ (2006) Physiological systems and their responses to conditions of heat and cold. In: Tipton CM, Sawka MN, Tate CA, Terjung RL (eds) ACSM\u2019s advanced exercise physiology. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 535\u2013563"},{"key":"5276_CR1557","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00422841","volume":"53","author":"MN Sawka","year":"1985","unstructured":"Sawka MN, Young AJ, Cadarette BS, Levine L, Pandolf KB (1985a) Influence of heat stress and acclimation on maximal aerobic power. Eur J Appl Physiol 53:294\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00422841","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1558","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1985.59.5.1394","volume":"59","author":"MN Sawka","year":"1985","unstructured":"Sawka MN, Young AJ, Francesconi RP, Muza SR, Pandolf KB (1985b) Thermoregulatory and blood responses during exercise at graded hypohydration levels. J Appl Physiol 59:1394\u20131401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1985.59.5.1394","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1559","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099978","volume":"53","author":"J Saycell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saycell J, Lomax M, Massey H, Tipton M (2019) How cold is too cold? Establishing the minimum water temperature limits for marathon swim racing. Br J Sports Med 53:1078\u20131084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099978","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1560","volume-title":"Text-book of physiology","year":"1898","unstructured":"Sch\u00e4fer EA (ed) (1898) Text-book of physiology. Young J. Pentland, Edinburgh"},{"key":"5276_CR1561","first-page":"527","volume":"63","author":"DC Schechter","year":"1968","unstructured":"Schechter DC, Sarot IA (1968) Historical accounts of injuries due to cold. Surgery 63:527\u2013535","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"5276_CR1562","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4759","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094759","volume":"23","author":"AK Scheel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Scheel AK, Espelage L, Chadt A (2022) Many ways to Rome: exercise, cold exposure and diet-do they all affect BAT activation and WAT browning in the same manner? Int J Mol Sci 23:4759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23094759","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1563","first-page":"260","volume":"37","author":"V Scheer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Scheer V, Knechtle B (2020) Exercise associated hyponatremia in endurance sports: a review with practical recommendations. Archivos De Medicina Del Deporte 37:260\u2013265","journal-title":"Archivos De Medicina Del Deporte"},{"key":"5276_CR1564","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s10739-014-9392-1","volume":"48","author":"RW Scheffler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scheffler RW (2015) The power of exercise and the exercise of power: the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory, distance running, and the disappearance of work, 1919\u20131947. J Hist Biol 48:391\u2013423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10739-014-9392-1","journal-title":"J Hist Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR1565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-478-18","volume":"55","author":"H Schermann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schermann H, Hazut-Krauthammer S, Weksler Y, Spitzer S, Epstein Y, Kalmanovich G, Yanovich R (2020) When should a heat-tolerance test be scheduled after clinical recovery from an exertional heat illness? J Athl Train 55:289\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-478-18","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"5276_CR1566","unstructured":"Schiff M and Levier E (1867) Le\u00e7ons Sur La Physiologie De La Digestion: Faites Au Museum D\u2019histoire Naturelle De Florence. Volume 1. Hermann Loescher, Florence and Turin"},{"key":"5276_CR1567","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.063024","volume":"45","author":"ZJ Schlader","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schlader ZJ, Stannard SR, M\u00fcndel T (2011) Exercise and heat stress: performance, fatigue and exhaustion\u2014a hot topic. Br J Sports Med 45:3\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.2009.063024","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1981.50.4.772","volume":"50","author":"V Schmidt","year":"1981","unstructured":"Schmidt V, Br\u00fcck K (1981) Effect of a precooling maneuver on body temperature and exercise performance. J Appl Physiol 50:772\u2013778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1981.50.4.772","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1569","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1017\/s1049023x00041686","volume":"10","author":"U Schmidt","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schmidt U, Fritz KW, Kasperczyk W, Tscherne H (1995) Successful resuscitation of a child with severe hypothermia after cardiac arrest of 88 minutes. Prehosp Disaster Med 10:60\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1049023x00041686","journal-title":"Prehosp Disaster Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1570","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1126\/science.177.4045.222","volume":"177","author":"K Schmidt-Nielsen","year":"1972","unstructured":"Schmidt-Nielsen K (1972) Locomotion: energy cost of swimming, flying, and running. Science 177:22\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.177.4045.222","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5276_CR1571","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139167826","volume-title":"Scaling: Why is animal size so important?","author":"K Schmidt-Nielsen","year":"1984","unstructured":"Schmidt-Nielsen K (1984a) Scaling: Why is animal size so important? Cambridge University Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"5276_CR1572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1984.57.2.293","volume":"57","author":"B Schmidt-Nielsen","year":"1984","unstructured":"Schmidt-Nielsen B (1984b) August and Marie Krogh and respiratory physiology. J Appl Physiol 57:293\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1984.57.2.293","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1573","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schmidt-Nielsen B (1995) The Zoophysiological Laboratory and the beginning of exercise physiology (1910\u20131916). In: August and Marie Krogh. Springer, New York, pp 95\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-7530-9_11","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-7530-9_11"},{"key":"5276_CR1574","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1952.32.2.135","volume":"32","author":"K Schmidt-Nielsen","year":"1952","unstructured":"Schmidt-Nielsen K, Schmidt-Nielsen B (1952) Water metabolism of desert mammals. Physiol Rev 32:135\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1952.32.2.135","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR1575","volume-title":"Das Muscarin Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus muscarius L.)","author":"O Schmiedeberg","year":"1869","unstructured":"Schmiedeberg O, Koppe R (1869) Das Muscarin Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus muscarius L.). FCW Vogel, Leipzig"},{"key":"5276_CR1576","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0657-z","volume":"47","author":"C Schmit","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schmit C, Hausswirth C, Le Meur Y, Duffield R (2017) Cognitive functioning and heat strain: performance responses and protective strategies. Sports Med 47:1289\u20131302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-016-0657-z","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1577","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.5040\/9781492597407.ch-019","volume-title":"History of exercise physiology","author":"S Schneider","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schneider S, Moseley P (2014) The temperature regulatory system. In: Tipton CM (ed) History of exercise physiology. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, pp 477\u2013506"},{"key":"5276_CR1578","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.40.030178.000245","volume":"40","author":"PF Scholander","year":"1978","unstructured":"Scholander PF (1978) Rhapsody in science. Annu Rev Physiol 40:1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.ph.40.030178.000245","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1579","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2307\/1538742","volume":"99","author":"PF Scholander","year":"1950","unstructured":"Scholander PF, Hock R, Walters V, Johnson F, Irving L (1950) Adaptation to cold in arctic and tropical mammals and birds in relation to body temperature, insulation, and basal metabolic rate. Biol Bull 99:259\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1538742","journal-title":"Biol Bull"},{"key":"5276_CR1580","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1957.10.3.405","volume":"10","author":"PF Scholander","year":"1957","unstructured":"Scholander PF, Krog J (1957) Countercurrent heat exchange and vascular bundles in sloths. J Appl Physiol 10:405\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1957.10.3.405","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1581","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1955.8.3.279","volume":"8","author":"PF Scholander","year":"1955","unstructured":"Scholander PF, Schevill WE (1955) Counter-current vascular heat exchange in the fins of whales. J Appl Physiol 8:279\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1955.8.3.279","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1582","volume-title":"Thermoregulation: physiology and biochemistry","year":"1990","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6nbaum E, Lomax P (eds) (1990) Thermoregulation: physiology and biochemistry. Pergamon Press, New York"},{"key":"5276_CR1583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/335637a0","volume":"335","author":"RJ Schotzinger","year":"1988","unstructured":"Schotzinger RJ, Landis SC (1988) Cholinergic phenotype developed by noradrenergic sympathetic neurons after innervation of a novel cholinergic target in vivo. Nature 335:637\u2013639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/335637a0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5276_CR1584","first-page":"30","volume-title":"Extracting the science: a century of mining research","author":"P Schutte","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schutte P (2010) Heat stress management in hot mines. In: Brune JF (ed) Extracting the science: a century of mining research. Society of Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, Colorado, pp 30\u201335"},{"key":"5276_CR1585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2019.04.017","volume":"82","author":"JB Schwarck","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schwarck JB, Burdon CA, Taylor EA, Peoples GE, Machado-Moreira CA, Taylor NAS (2019) Thermogenic and psychogenic sweating in humans: identifying eccrine glandular recruitment patterns from glabrous and non-glabrous skin surfaces. J Therm Biol 82:242\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2019.04.017","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR1586","volume-title":"A history of tropical medicine. Based on the Fitzpatrick lectures delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London, 1937\u201338","author":"HH Scott","year":"1942","unstructured":"Scott HH (1942) A history of tropical medicine. Based on the Fitzpatrick lectures delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London, 1937\u201338. Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore"},{"key":"5276_CR1587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.5555\/uri:pii:003960606090310X","volume":"48","author":"WC Sealy","year":"1960","unstructured":"Sealy WC, Young G, Brown IW, Smith WW, Lesage AM (1960) Profound hypothermia combined with extracorporeal circulation for open heart surgery. Surgery 48:432\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5555\/uri:pii:003960606090310X","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"5276_CR1588","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00455178","volume":"51","author":"NH Secher","year":"1983","unstructured":"Secher NH, Vaage O, Jensen K, Jackson RC (1983) Maximal aerobic power in oarsmen. Eur J Appl Physiol 51:155\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00455178","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1589","unstructured":"S\u00e9guin AJF and Lavoisier A-L (1789) Premier m\u00e9moire sur la re"},{"key":"5276_CR1590","first-page":"119","volume":"556","author":"OM Sejersted","year":"1986","unstructured":"Sejersted OM, V\u00f8llestad NK, Medb\u00f8 JI (1986) Muscle fluid and electrolyte balance during and following exercise. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 556:119\u2013127","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand Suppl"},{"key":"5276_CR1591","volume-title":"Body temperature: its changes with environment, disease and therapy","author":"WA Selle","year":"1952","unstructured":"Selle WA (1952) Body temperature: its changes with environment, disease and therapy. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield"},{"key":"5276_CR1592","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1353\/pbm.1973.0056","volume":"16","author":"H Selye","year":"1973","unstructured":"Selye H (1973) Homeostasis and heterostasis. Perspect Biol Med 16:441\u2013445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/pbm.1973.0056","journal-title":"Perspect Biol Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1593","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1017\/S1755146300016450","volume":"31","author":"F Semon","year":"1916","unstructured":"Semon F (1916) Sir Victor Horsley, CB, FRCS, FRS. J Laryngol Otol 31:401\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1755146300016450","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"5276_CR1594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1972.sp009881","volume":"224","author":"LC Senay","year":"1972","unstructured":"Senay LC (1972) Changes in plasma volume and protein content during exposures of working men to various temperatures before and after acclimatization to heat: separation of the roles of cutaneous and skeletal muscle circulation. J Physiol 224:61\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1972.sp009881","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1595","first-page":"42","volume":"11","author":"LC Senay","year":"1979","unstructured":"Senay LC (1979) Effects of exercise in the heat on body fluid distribution. Med Sci Sports 11:42\u201348","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"5276_CR1596","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1965.20.5.975","volume":"20","author":"LC Senay","year":"1965","unstructured":"Senay LC, Christensen ML (1965) Cardiovascular and sweating responses to water ingestion during dehydration. J Appl Physiol 20:975\u2013979. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1965.20.5.975","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1597","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1980.49.1.59","volume":"49","author":"LC Senay","year":"1980","unstructured":"Senay LC, Rogers G, Jooste P (1980) Changes in blood plasma during progressive treadmill and cycle exercise. J Appl Physiol 49:59\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1980.49.1.59","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1598","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/00008506-199501000-00008","volume":"7","author":"DI Sessler","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sessler DI (1995) Deliberate mild hypothermia. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 7:38\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00008506-199501000-00008","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1959.tb49228.x","volume":"80","author":"JW Severinghaus","year":"1959","unstructured":"Severinghaus JW (1959) Temperature gradients during hypothermia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 80:515\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1959.tb49228.x","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1600","volume-title":"South: the illustrated story of Shackelton\u2019s last expedition 1914\u20131917","author":"EH Shackleton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shackleton EH, Hurley F (2019) South: the illustrated story of Shackelton\u2019s last expedition 1914\u20131917. Voyageur Press, Stillwater"},{"key":"5276_CR1601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2016.02.030","volume":"51","author":"NT Shah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shah NT, Habtegebriel YA, Bloomfield DA (2016) Extreme hyperpyrexia of uncertain origin. J Emerg Med 51:e33\u2013e35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jemermed.2016.02.030","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1980.49.1.1","volume":"49","author":"Y Shapiro","year":"1980","unstructured":"Shapiro Y, Pandolf KB, Avellini BA, Pimental NA, Goldman RF (1980) Physiological responses of men and women to humid and dry heat. J Appl Physiol 49:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1980.49.1.1","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199002000-00003","volume":"22","author":"Y Shapiro","year":"1990","unstructured":"Shapiro Y, Seidman DS (1990) Field and clinical observations of exertional heat stroke patients. Med Sci Sports Exerc 22:6\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/00005768-199002000-00003","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR1604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3219","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.229864","volume":"590","author":"MJ Shattock","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shattock MJ, Tipton MJ (2012) \u2018Autonomic conflict\u2019: a different way to die during cold water immersion? J Physiol 590:3219\u20133230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.229864","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.1888.0005","volume":"179","author":"WN Shaw","year":"1888","unstructured":"Shaw WN (1888) Report on hygrometric methods; first part, including the saturation method and the chemical method, and dew-point instruments. Philos Trans R Soc Lond A 179:73\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsta.1888.0005","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond A"},{"key":"5276_CR1606","unstructured":"Sheard C, Williams MMD and Horton BT (1941) Skin temperatures of the extremities under various environmental and physiological conditions. In: American Institute of Physics. Temperature: its measurement and control in science and industry. Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York, pp 557\u2013570"},{"key":"5276_CR1607","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/55.5.476","volume":"55","author":"RJ Shephard","year":"1975","unstructured":"Shephard RJ (1975) Efficiency of muscular work: some clinical implications. Phys Ther 55:476\u2013481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ptj\/55.5.476","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"5276_CR1608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658401200107","volume":"12","author":"WM Sherman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sherman WM, Costill DL (1984) The marathon: dietary manipulation to optimize performance. Am J Sports Med 12:44\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/036354658401200107","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9552","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0913352107","volume":"107","author":"SC Sherwood","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sherwood SC, Huber M (2010) An adaptability limit to climate change due to heat stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci 107:9552\u20139555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0913352107","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(03)12423-3","volume":"361","author":"MR Shetty","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shetty MR (2003) Cause of death among passengers on the Titanic. Lancet 361:438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(03)12423-3","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5276_CR1611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.083535","volume":"565","author":"M Shibasaki","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shibasaki M, Secher NH, Johnson JM, Crandall CG (2005) Central command and the cutaneous vascular response to isometric exercise in heated humans. J Physiol 565:667\u2013673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.083535","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1612","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01124.2005","volume":"100","author":"M Shibasaki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shibasaki M, Wilson TE, Crandall CG (2006) Neural control and mechanisms of eccrine sweating during heat stress and exercise. J Appl Physiol 100:1692\u20131701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01124.2005","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1613","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1093\/OXFORDJOURNALS.QJMED.A067127","volume":"36","author":"S Shibolet","year":"1967","unstructured":"Shibolet S, Coll R, Gilat T, Sohar E (1967) Heatstroke: its clinical picture and mechanism in 36 cases. Quart J Med 36:525\u2013548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/OXFORDJOURNALS.QJMED.A067127","journal-title":"Quart J Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1614","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196201252660404","volume":"266","author":"S Shibolet","year":"1962","unstructured":"Shibolet S, Fisher S, Gilat T, Bank H, Heller H (1962) Fibrinolysis and hemorrhages in fatal heatstroke. N Engl J Med 266:169\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM196201252660404","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1615","unstructured":"Shibolet S, Gilat T and Sohar E (1964) Physical effort as main cause of heat-stroke. In: Central Drug Research Institute (corporate author). Environmental physiology and psychology in arid conditions: proceedings of the Lucknow Symposium. India, 1962. UNESCO, Paris, pp 33\u201339. https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000017792 (Accessed: Nov 27th, 2022)"},{"key":"5276_CR1616","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.61.1.98","volume":"61","author":"K Shiraki","year":"1986","unstructured":"Shiraki K, Konda N, Sagawa S (1986) Esophageal and tympanic temperature responses to core blood temperature changes during hyperthermia. J Appl Physiol 61:98\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1986.61.1.98","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1617","volume-title":"Physiological basis of occupational health: stressful environments","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shiraki K, Sagawa S, Yousef MK (eds) (1996) Physiological basis of occupational health: stressful environments. SBP Academic Publishing, Amsterdam"},{"key":"5276_CR1618","volume-title":"Man in stressful environments: thermal and work physiology","year":"1987","unstructured":"Shiraki K, Yousef MK (eds) (1987) Man in stressful environments: thermal and work physiology. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield"},{"key":"5276_CR1619","volume-title":"The rise and fall of the third reich","author":"WL Shirer","year":"1960","unstructured":"Shirer WL (1960) The rise and fall of the third reich. A history of Nazi Germany. Simon & Schuster, New York"},{"key":"5276_CR1620","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601895","volume":"57","author":"SM Shirreffs","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shirreffs SM (2003) Markers of hydration status. Eur J Clin Nutr 57:S6\u2013S9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601895","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"Supplement 3","key":"5276_CR1621","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2010.01213.x","volume":"20","author":"SM Shirreffs","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shirreffs SM (2010) Hydration: special issues for playing football in warm and hot environments. Scand J Med Sci Sports 20(Supplement 3):90\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2010.01213.x","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"5276_CR1622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-005-0011-x","volume":"50","author":"A Shitzer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shitzer A (2006) Wind-chill-equivalent temperatures: regarding the impact due to the variability of the environmental convective heat transfer coefficient. Int J Biometeorol 50:224\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-005-0011-x","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"5276_CR1623","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-010-0362-9","volume":"56","author":"A Shitzer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shitzer A, Tikuisis P (2012) Advances, shortcomings, and recommendations for wind chill estimation. Int J Biometeorol 56:495\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-010-0362-9","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"5276_CR1624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/283373a0","volume":"283","author":"A Shkolnik","year":"1980","unstructured":"Shkolnik A, Taylor CR, Finch V, Borut A (1980) Why do Bedouins wear black robes in hot deserts? Nature 283:373\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/283373a0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5276_CR1625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9795","volume":"99","author":"DA Shock","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shock DA, LeBlanc SJ, Leslie KE, Hand K, Godkin MA, Coe JB, Kelton DF (2016) Studying the relationship between on-farm environmental conditions and local meteorological station data during the summer. J Dairy Sci 99:2169\u20132179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2015-9795","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.10.027","volume":"120","author":"AJ Siegel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Siegel AJ, Verbalis JG, Clement S, Mendelson JH, Mello NK, Adner M, Shirey T, Glowacki J, Lee-Lewandrowski E, Lewandrowski KB (2007) Hyponatremia in marathon runners due to inappropriate arginine vasopressin secretion. Am J Med 120:461-e11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.10.027","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1627","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1994.sp003764","volume":"79","author":"N Silanikove","year":"1994","unstructured":"Silanikove N (1994) The struggle to maintain hydration and osmoregulation in animals experiencing severe dehydration and rapid rehydration: the story of ruminants. Exp Physiol 79:281\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/expphysiol.1994.sp003764","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R335","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1984.247.2.R335","volume":"247","author":"NL Silva","year":"1984","unstructured":"Silva NL, Boulant JA (1984) Effects of osmotic pressure, glucose, and temperature on neurons in preoptic tissue slices. Am J Physiol 247:R335\u2013R345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.1984.247.2.R335","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1629","unstructured":"Simkin J (1997) Spartacus educational. https:\/\/spartacus-educational.com\/ (Accessed: Jul 22nd, 2022)"},{"key":"5276_CR1630","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0027660","volume":"71","author":"E Simon","year":"1974","unstructured":"Simon E (1974) Temperature regulation: the spinal cord as a site of extrahypothalamic thermoregulatory functions. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 71:1\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BFb0027660","journal-title":"Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"5276_CR1631","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1986.66.2.235","volume":"66","author":"E Simon","year":"1986","unstructured":"Simon E, Pierau F-K, Taylor DM (1986) Central and peripheral thermal control of effectors in homeothermic temperature regulation. Physiol Rev 66:235\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1986.66.2.235","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR1632","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6_3","volume-title":"Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in physiology","author":"E Simon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Simon E, Gerstberger R, Roth J (2022) A history of physiological research on temperature regulation in Germany. In: Blatteis CM, Taylor NAS, Mitchell D (eds) Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in physiology. Springer, New York, pp 97\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6_3"},{"key":"5276_CR1633","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Progress in brain research","author":"E Simon","year":"1998","unstructured":"Simon E, Schmid HA, Pehl U (1998) Spinal neuronal thermosensitivity in vivo and in vitro in relation to hypothalamic neuronal thermosensitivity. In: Sharma HS, Westman J (eds) Progress in brain research, vol 115. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 25\u201347"},{"key":"5276_CR1634","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-12-03-01","volume":"12","author":"RJS Simpson","year":"1909","unstructured":"Simpson RJS (1909) The \u201ceffects of heat\u201d during the South African War. BMJ Military Health 12:243\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jramc-12-03-01","journal-title":"BMJ Military Health"},{"key":"5276_CR1635","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-23-01-01","volume":"23","author":"RJS Simpson","year":"1914","unstructured":"Simpson RJS (1914) Humidity and heat-stroke. BMJ Military Health 23:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jramc-23-01-01","journal-title":"BMJ Military Health"},{"key":"5276_CR1636","unstructured":"Siple PA and Passel CF (1945) Measurements of dry atmospheric cooling in subfreezing temperatures. Proc Am Philos Soc 89:177\u2013199. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/985324"},{"key":"5276_CR1637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-02-5908","volume":"174","author":"P Sithinamsuwan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sithinamsuwan P, Piyavechviratana K, Kitthaweesin T, Chusri W, Orrawanhanothai P, Wongsa A, Wattanathum A, Chinvarun Y, Nidhinandana S, Satirapoj LB, Supasyndh O (2009) Exertional heatstroke: early recognition and outcome with aggressive combined cooling-a 12-year experience. Mil Med 174:496\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7205\/MILMED-D-02-5908","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1638","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-198502020-00002","volume":"2","author":"B Sj\u00f6din","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sj\u00f6din B, Svedenhag J (1984) Applied physiology of marathon running. Sports Med 2:83\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-198502020-00002","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1639","volume-title":"Environmental physiology","year":"1974","unstructured":"Slonim BB (ed) (1974) Environmental physiology. C.V. Mosby Company, St. Louis"},{"key":"5276_CR1640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(82)80099-1","volume":"11","author":"CM Slovis","year":"1982","unstructured":"Slovis CM, Anderson GF, Casolaro A (1982) Survival in a heat stroke victim with a core temperature in excess of 46.5\u00a0\u00b0C. Ann Emerg Med 11:269\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0196-0644(82)80099-1","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1641","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(54)92049-8","volume":"264","author":"AU Smith","year":"1954","unstructured":"Smith AU (1954) Frostbite in golden hamsters revived from body-temperatures below 0\u00a0\u00b0C. Lancet 264:1255\u20131259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(54)92049-8","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5276_CR1642","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1969.49.2.330","volume":"49","author":"RE Smith","year":"1969","unstructured":"Smith RE, Horwitz BA (1969) Brown fat and thermogenesis. Physiol Rev 49:330\u2013425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1969.49.2.330","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR1643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00406196","volume":"63","author":"J Smolander","year":"1991","unstructured":"Smolander J, Ilmarinen R, Korhonen O (1991) An evaluation of heat stress indices (ISO 7243, ISO\/DIS 7933) in the prediction of heat strain in unacclimated men. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 63:39\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00406196","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"5276_CR1644","first-page":"99","volume":"14","author":"JW Snellen","year":"1966","unstructured":"Snellen JW (1966) Mean body temperature and the control of thermal sweating. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Neerl 14:99\u2013174","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Pharmacol Neerl"},{"key":"5276_CR1645","first-page":"39","volume":"1","author":"JW Snellen","year":"1969","unstructured":"Snellen JW (1969) Body temperature during exercise. Med Sci Sports 1:39\u201342","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"5276_CR1646","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050671","volume":"82","author":"JW Snellen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Snellen JW (2000) An improved estimation of mean body temperature using combined direct calorimetry and thermometry. Eur J Appl Physiol 82:188\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004210050671","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1647","unstructured":"Sonna LA (2001) Practical medical aspect of military operations in the heat. In: Pandolf KB, Burr RE, Wenger CB, and Pozos RS (eds) Medical aspects of harsh environments, Vol. 1. In: Zajtchuk R and Bellamy RF (eds) Textbook of military medicine. Department of the Army, Office of the Surgeon General, and Borden Institute. Washington, DC, pp 293\u2013309"},{"key":"5276_CR1648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1969.27.5.687","volume":"27","author":"RG Soule","year":"1969","unstructured":"Soule RG, Goldman RF (1969) Energy cost of loads carried on the head, hands, or feet. J Appl Physiol 27:687\u2013690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1969.27.5.687","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000209","volume":"59","author":"HN Soultanakis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Soultanakis HN (2016) Aquatic exercise and thermoregulation in pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol 59:576\u2013590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000209","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5276_CR1650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2010.01689.x","volume":"79","author":"JR Speakman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Speakman JR, Kr\u00f3l E (2010) Maximal heat dissipation capacity and hyperthermia risk: neglected key factors in the ecology of endotherms. J Anim Ecol 79:726\u2013746. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2010.01689.x","journal-title":"J Anim Ecol"},{"key":"5276_CR1651","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1945.145.2.218","volume":"145","author":"CR Spealman","year":"1945","unstructured":"Spealman CR (1945) Effect of ambient air temperature and of hand temperature on blood flow in hands. Am J Physiol 145:218\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1945.145.2.218","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1652","first-page":"232","volume-title":"Physiology of heat regulation and the science of clothing","author":"CR Spealman","year":"1949","unstructured":"Spealman CR (1949) Physiologic adjustments to cold. In: Newburgh LH (ed) Physiology of heat regulation and the science of clothing. Hafner Publishing Company, New York, pp 232\u2013239"},{"key":"5276_CR1653","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199906000-00008","volume":"31","author":"DB Speedy","year":"1999","unstructured":"Speedy DB, Noakes TD, Rogers IR, Thompson JM, Campbell RG, Kuttner JA, Boswell DR, Wright S, Hamlin M (1999) Hyponatremia in ultradistance triathletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 31:809\u2013815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005768-199906000-00008","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR1654","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1957.11.1.58","volume":"11","author":"GB Spurr","year":"1957","unstructured":"Spurr GB, Hutt BK, Horvath SM (1957) Shivering, oxygen consumption and body temperatures in acute exposure of men to two different cold environments. J Appl Physiol 11:58\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1957.11.1.58","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1655","volume-title":"Gray\u2019s Anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice","author":"S Standring","year":"2008","unstructured":"Standring S (2008) Gray\u2019s Anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice, Fortieth. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Edinburgh","edition":"Fortieth"},{"key":"5276_CR1656","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1139\/h2012-053","volume":"37","author":"JM Stapleton","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stapleton JM, Wright HE, Hardcastle SG, Kenny GP (2012) Body heat storage during intermittent work in hot-dry and warm-wet environments. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 37:840\u2013849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/h2012-053","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"5276_CR1657","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1896.sp000596","volume":"19","author":"EH Starling","year":"1896","unstructured":"Starling EH (1896) On the absorption of fluids from the connective tissue spaces. J Physiol 19:312\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1896.sp000596","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200636080-00006","volume":"36","author":"A St. Clair Gibson","year":"2006","unstructured":"St. Clair Gibson A, Lambert EV, Rauch LH, Tucker R, Baden DA, Foster C, Noakes TD (2006) The role of information processing between the brain and peripheral physiological systems in pacing and perception of effort. Sports Med 36:705\u2013722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-200636080-00006","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1659","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1971)010<0674:IOWOCP>2.0.CO;2","volume":"10","author":"RG Steadman","year":"1971","unstructured":"Steadman RG (1971) Indices of windchill of clothed persons. J Appl Meteorol Climatol 10:674\u2013683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/1520-0450(1971)010%3c0674:IOWOCP%3e2.0.CO;2","journal-title":"J Appl Meteorol Climatol"},{"key":"5276_CR1660","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1979)018<0861:TAOSPI>2.0.CO;2","volume":"18","author":"RG Steadman","year":"1979","unstructured":"Steadman RG (1979a) The assessment of sultriness. Part I: A temperature-humidity index based on human physiology and clothing science. J Appl Meteorol Climatol 18:861\u2013873. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/1520-0450(1979)018%3c0861:TAOSPI%3e2.0.CO;2","journal-title":"J Appl Meteorol Climatol"},{"key":"5276_CR1661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1979)018<0874:TAOSPI>2.0.CO;2","volume":"18","author":"RG Steadman","year":"1979","unstructured":"Steadman RG (1979b) The assessment of sultriness. Part II: effects of wind, extra radiation and barometric pressure on apparent temperature. J Appl Meteorol 18:874\u2013885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/1520-0450(1979)018%3c0874:TAOSPI%3e2.0.CO;2","journal-title":"J Appl Meteorol"},{"key":"5276_CR1662","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1984)023<1674:AUSOAT>2.0.CO;2","volume":"23","author":"RG Steadman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Steadman RG (1984) A universal scale of apparent temperature. J Appl Meteorol Climatol 23:1674\u20131687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/1520-0450(1984)023%3c1674:AUSOAT%3e2.0.CO;2","journal-title":"J Appl Meteorol Climatol"},{"key":"5276_CR1663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/152.8.389","volume":"152","author":"AM Steinman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Steinman AM (1987) Adverse effects of heat and cold on military operations: history and current solutions. Mil Med 152:389\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/milmed\/152.8.389","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1664","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1249\/00003677-199301000-00008","volume":"21","author":"LA Stephenson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Stephenson LA, Kolka MA (1993) Thermoregulation in women. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 21:231\u2013262","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR1665","first-page":"239","volume":"81","author":"JM Stewart","year":"1981","unstructured":"Stewart JM (1981) Heat transfer and limiting physiological criteria as a basis for the setting of heat stress limits. J South Afr Inst Min Metall 81:239\u2013251","journal-title":"J South Afr Inst Min Metall"},{"key":"5276_CR5000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.18.4.354","volume":"18","author":"GN Stewart","year":"1913","unstructured":"Stewart GN (1913a) Studies on the circulation in man. VII. The blood flow in the feet. J Exp Med\n18:354\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.18.4.354","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"5276_CR5001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.18.4.372","volume":"18","author":"GN Stewart","year":"1913","unstructured":"Stewart GN (1913b) Studies on the circulation in man. VIII. The blood flow in the feet with special reference to fever. J Exp Med 18:372\u2013389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.18.4.372","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"5276_CR5002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1913.00060280020002","volume":"11","author":"GN Stewart","year":"1913","unstructured":"Stewart GN (1913c) Vasomotor reflexes elicited by heat and cold from areas deprived of temperature sensibility by a traumatic lesion. Arch Intern Med 11:383\u2013394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinte.1913.00060280020002","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.4077\/CJP.2017.BAF467","volume":"60","author":"M Stjepanovic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stjepanovic M, Nikolaidis PT, Knechtle B (2017) Swimming three ice miles within fifteen hours. Chin J Physiol 60:197\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4077\/CJP.2017.BAF467","journal-title":"Chin J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR7000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.2114\/jpa.20.263","volume":"20","author":"JM Stocks","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stocks JM, Patterson MJ, Hyde DE, Mittleman KD, Taylor NAS (2001) Metabolic habituation following repeated resting cold-water immersion is not apparent during low-intensity cold-water exercise. J Physiol Anthropol 20:263\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2114\/jpa.20.263","journal-title":"J Physiol Anthropol"},{"key":"5276_CR1667","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-201X.2004.01302.x","volume":"182","author":"JM Stocks","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stocks JM, Patterson MJ, Hyde DE, Jenkins AB, Mittleman KD, Taylor NAS (2004a) Effects of immersion water temperature on whole-body fluid distribution in humans. Acta Physiol Scand 182:3\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-201X.2004.01302.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"5276_CR1668","first-page":"444","volume":"75","author":"JM Stocks","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stocks JM, Taylor NAS, Tipton MJ, Greenleaf JE (2004b) Human physiological responses to cold exposure. Aviat Space Environ Med 75:444\u2013457","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1669","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00412787","volume":"291","author":"JAJ Stolwijk","year":"1966","unstructured":"Stolwijk JAJ, Hardy JD (1966) Temperature regulation in man\u2014a theoretical study. Pfl\u00fcgers Arch 291:129\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00412787","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch"},{"key":"5276_CR1670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1988.68.1.27","volume":"68","author":"KB Storey","year":"1988","unstructured":"Storey KB, Storey JM (1988) Freeze tolerance in animals. Physiol Rev 68:27\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1988.68.1.27","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR1671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.400.217-a","volume":"2","author":"W Strange","year":"1868","unstructured":"Strange W (1868) On sun-fever: or disturbance of the cerebro-spinal functions by excessive heat. BMJ 2:217\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.2.400.217-a","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR1672","first-page":"329","volume":"76","author":"NB Strydom","year":"1975","unstructured":"Strydom NB, Benade AJS, van der Walt WH (1975) The performance of the improved microclimate suit. J South Afr Inst Min Metall 76:329\u2013333","journal-title":"J South Afr Inst Min Metall"},{"key":"5276_CR1673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00699507","volume":"26","author":"NB Strydom","year":"1968","unstructured":"Strydom NB, Holdsworth LD (1968) The effects of different levels of water deficit on physiological responses during heat stress. Int Z Angew Physiol 26:95\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00699507","journal-title":"Int Z Angew Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1674","first-page":"893","volume":"22","author":"NB Strydom","year":"1963","unstructured":"Strydom NB, Wyndham CH, Cooke HM, Maritz JS, Bredell GA, Morrison JF, Peter J, Williams CG (1963) Effect of heat on work performance in the gold mines of South Africa. Fed Proc 22:893\u2013896","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"key":"5276_CR1675","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.10520\/AJA20785135_37303","volume":"40","author":"NB Strydom","year":"1966","unstructured":"Strydom NB, Wyndham CH, van Graan CH, Holdsworth LD, Morrison JF (1966a) The influence of water restriction on the performance of men during a prolonged march. S Afr Med J 40:539\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.10520\/AJA20785135_37303","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"5276_CR1676","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1966.21.2.636","volume":"21","author":"NB Strydom","year":"1966","unstructured":"Strydom NB, Wyndham CH, Williams CG, Morrison JF, Bredell GA, Benade AJ, von Rahden M (1966b) Acclimatization to humid heat and the role of physical conditioning. J Appl Physiol 21:636\u2013642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1966.21.2.636","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1677","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1965.20.2.283","volume":"20","author":"NB Strydom","year":"1965","unstructured":"Strydom NB, Wyndham CH, Williams CG, Morrison JF, Bredell GAG, Joffe A (1965) Oral\/rectal temperature differences during work and heat stress. J Appl Physiol 20:283\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1965.20.2.283","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1678","volume-title":"Anatomie et physiologie. Circulation du sang. D\u2019une circulation derivative dans les membres et dans la t\u00eate chez l\u2019homme","author":"JP Sucquet","year":"1862","unstructured":"Sucquet JP (1862) Anatomie et physiologie. Circulation du sang. D\u2019une circulation derivative dans les membres et dans la t\u00eate chez l\u2019homme. Delahaye, Paris"},{"key":"5276_CR1679","volume-title":"Marathon running: origin of marathon running, how leading runners train, hints for novices, how to conduct a marathon race, rules, records of leading marathon races","author":"JE Sullivan","year":"1909","unstructured":"Sullivan JE (1909) Marathon running: origin of marathon running, how leading runners train, hints for novices, how to conduct a marathon race, rules, records of leading marathon races. American Sports Publishing Company, New York"},{"key":"5276_CR1680","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2020.11.010","volume":"24","author":"W Sullivan-Kwantes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sullivan-Kwantes W, Haman F, Kingma BRM, Martini S, Gautier-Wong E, Chen KY, Friedl KE (2021) Human performance research for military operations in extreme cold environments. J Sci Med Sport 24:954\u2013962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2020.11.010","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"5276_CR1681","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8179","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12403-1","volume":"12","author":"J Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun J (2022) Energy supply and influencing factors of mountain marathon runners from Baiyin marathon accident in China. Sci Rep 12:8179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-12403-1","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5276_CR1682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1927.7.2.320","volume":"7","author":"ES Sundstroem","year":"1927","unstructured":"Sundstroem ES (1927) The physiological effects of tropical climate. Physiol Rev 7:320\u2013362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1927.7.2.320","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR1683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.fl.25.010193.000245","volume":"25","author":"SP Sutera","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sutera SP, Skalak R (1993) The history of Poiseuille\u2019s Law. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 25:1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.fl.25.010193.000245","journal-title":"Annu Rev Fluid Mech"},{"key":"5276_CR1684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1979.tb125756.x","volume":"2","author":"JR Sutton","year":"1979","unstructured":"Sutton JR (1979) 43\u00b0 C in fun runners! Med J Aust 2:463\u2013464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1979.tb125756.x","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"5276_CR1685","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/5.3.213","volume":"5","author":"RW Swift","year":"1932","unstructured":"Swift RW (1932a) The effect of low environmental temperatures upon metabolism. I. Technic and respiratory quotient. J Nutr 5:213\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/5.3.213","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"5276_CR1686","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/5.3.227","volume":"5","author":"RW Swift","year":"1932","unstructured":"Swift RW (1932b) The effect of low environmental temperatures upon metabolism. II. The influence of shivering, subcutaneous fat, and skin temperature on heat production. J Nutr 5:227\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/5.3.227","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"5276_CR1687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6_10","volume-title":"Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in physiology","author":"M Sz\u00e9kely","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sz\u00e9kely M (2022) Thermoregulatory studies in Hungary: historical background. In: Blatteis CM, Taylor NAS, Mitchell D (eds) Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in physiology. Springer, New York, pp 517\u2013539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6_10"},{"key":"5276_CR1688","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.765631","volume":"12","author":"RK Szymczak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Szymczak RK, Blazejczyk K (2021) Heat balance when climbing Mount Everest. Front Physiol 12:765631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.765631","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000047266.99626.3A","volume":"96","author":"J Takala","year":"2003","unstructured":"Takala J, de Jong RH (2003) Nerve gas terrorism: a grim challenge to anesthesiologists. Anesth Analg 96:819\u2013825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/01.ANE.0000047266.99626.3A","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"5276_CR4099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.01.008","volume":"24","author":"XR Tan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tan XR, Low ICC, Byrne C, Wang R, Lee JKW (2021) Assessment of dehydration using body mass changes of elite marathoners in the tropics. J  Sci Med Sport 24:806\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.01.008","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"5276_CR1690","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-016-0050-3","volume":"2","author":"DW Tan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tan DW, Yap SH, Wang M, Fan PW, Teo YS, Krishnasamy P, Krishna L, Hew-Butler T, Lee JKW (2016) Body mass changes across a variety of running race distances in the tropics. Sports Med-Open 2:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40798-016-0050-3","journal-title":"Sports Med-Open"},{"key":"5276_CR1691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175553","volume":"325","author":"GJ Tattersall","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tattersall GJ, Andrade DV, Abe AS (2009) Heat exchange from the toucan bill reveals a controllable vascular thermal radiator. Science 325:468\u2013472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1175553","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5276_CR1692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/s1440-2440(00)80080-8","volume":"3","author":"AJ Tatterson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tatterson AJ, Hahn AG, Martin DT, Febbraio MA (2000) Effects of heat stress on physiological responses and exercise performance in elite cyclists. J Sci Med Sport 3:186\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1440-2440(00)80080-8","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"5276_CR1693","unstructured":"Taylor TG (1916) The control of settlement by humidity and temperature (with special reference to australia and the empire): an introduction to comparative climatology. Commonwealth Bureau of Meteorology (Australia), Bulletin 14. Government printer, Melbourne"},{"key":"5276_CR1694","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.44.331","volume":"44","author":"NAS Taylor","year":"2006","unstructured":"Taylor NAS (2006) Challenges to temperature regulation when working in hot environments. Ind Health 44:331\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2486\/indhealth.44.331","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"key":"5276_CR1695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c130022","volume":"4","author":"NAS Taylor","year":"2014","unstructured":"Taylor NAS (2014) Human heat adaptation. Comp Physiol 4:325\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c130022","journal-title":"Comp Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1696","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S111","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001030","volume":"29","author":"NAS Taylor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Taylor NAS (2015) Overwhelming physiological regulation through personal protection. J Strength Cond Res 29:S111\u2013S118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001030","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"5276_CR1697","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-813146-6.00026-6","volume-title":"Stress: physiology, biochemistry and pathology handbook of stress series","author":"NAS Taylor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Taylor NAS (2019) Thermal stress and its physiological implications. In: Fink G (ed) Stress: physiology, biochemistry and pathology handbook of stress series, vol 3. Academic Press, London, pp 349\u2013379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-813146-6.00026-6"},{"key":"5276_CR1698","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1994.tb01788.x","volume":"24","author":"NAS Taylor","year":"1994","unstructured":"Taylor NAS, Cotter JD, Griffiths RF (1994) Epidemiology of hypothermia: fatalities and hospitalisations in New Zealand. Aust N Z J Med 24:705\u2013710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1994.tb01788.x","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2019.08.003","volume":"85","author":"NAS Taylor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Taylor NAS, Gordon CJ (2019) The origin, significance and plasticity of the thermoeffector thresholds: extrapolation between humans and laboratory rodents. J Therm Biol 85:102397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2019.08.003","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR1700","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-014-0912-7","volume":"59","author":"NAS Taylor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Taylor NAS, Haberley BJ (2015) Thermal performance trials on the habitability of private bushfire shelters: Part 2. Int J Biometeorol 59:995\u20131005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-014-0912-7","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"5276_CR1701","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1943.139.4.583","volume":"139","author":"HL Taylor","year":"1943","unstructured":"Taylor HL, Henschel AF, Keys A (1943a) Cardiovascular adjustments of man in rest and work during exposure to dry heat. Am J Physiol 139:583\u2013591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1943.139.4.583","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1943.140.3.439","volume":"140","author":"HL Taylor","year":"1943","unstructured":"Taylor HL, Henschel AF, Mickelsen O, Keys A (1943b) The effect of the sodium chloride intake on the work performance of man during exposure to dry heat and experimental heat exhaustion. Am J Physiol 140:439\u2013451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1943.140.3.439","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1703","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1984.57.1.191","volume":"57","author":"WF Taylor","year":"1984","unstructured":"Taylor WF, Johnson JM, O\u2019Leary D, Park MK (1984) Effect of high local temperature on reflex cutaneous vasodilation. J Appl Physiol 57:191\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1984.57.1.191","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31817eee9d","volume":"40","author":"NAS Taylor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Taylor NAS, Caldwell JN, van den Heuvel AMJ, Patterson MJ (2008a) To cool, but not too cool: that is the question: immersion cooling for hyperthermia. Med Sci Sports Exerc 40:1962\u20131969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31817eee9d","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR1705","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise","author":"JL Taylor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Taylor JL, Komi PV, Nicol C (2008b) Central and neuromuscular fatigue. In: Taylor NAS, Groeller H (eds) Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Edinburgh, pp 91\u2013114"},{"key":"5276_CR1706","first-page":"341","volume-title":"Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise","author":"NAS Taylor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Taylor NAS, Kondo N, Kenney WL (2008c) The physiology of acute heat exposure, with implications for human performance in the heat. In: Taylor NAS, Groeller H (eds) Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Edinburgh, pp 341\u2013358"},{"key":"5276_CR1707","first-page":"359","volume-title":"Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise","author":"NAS Taylor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Taylor NAS, Mekjavic IB, Tipton MJ (2008d) The physiology of acute cold exposure, with particular reference to human performance in the cold. In: Taylor NAS, Groeller H (eds) Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Edinburgh, pp 359\u2013377"},{"key":"5276_CR1708","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2021.102858","volume":"97","author":"NAS Taylor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Taylor NAS, Lee J-Y, Kim S, Notley SR (2021) Physiological interactions with personal-protective clothing, physically demanding work and global warming: an Asia-Pacific perspective. J Therm Biol 97:102858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2021.102858","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR1709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-7648-2-4","volume":"2","author":"NAS Taylor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Taylor NAS, Machado-Moreira CA (2013) Regional variations in transepidermal water loss, eccrine sweat gland density, sweat secretion rates and electrolyte composition in resting and exercising humans. Extreme Physiol Med 2:4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2046-7648-2-4","journal-title":"Extreme Physiol Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1710","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2014.10.006","volume":"46","author":"NAS Taylor","year":"2014","unstructured":"Taylor NAS, Tipton MJ, Kenny GP (2014a) Considerations for the measurement of core, skin and mean body temperatures. J Therm Biol 46:72\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2014.10.006","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR1711","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-014-2940-8","volume":"114","author":"NAS Taylor","year":"2014","unstructured":"Taylor NAS, Machado-Moreira CA, van den Heuvel AMJ, Caldwell JN (2014b) Hands and feet: physiological insulators, radiators and evaporators. Eur J Appl Physiol 114:2037\u20132060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-014-2940-8","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1712","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(81)90075-X","volume":"44","author":"CR Taylor","year":"1981","unstructured":"Taylor CR, Maloiy GMO, Weibel ER, Langman VA, Kamau JMZ, Seeherman HJ, Heglund NC (1981) Design of the mammalian respiratory system. III. Scaling maximum aerobic capacity to body mass: wild and domestic mammals. Respir Physiol 44:25\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0034-5687(81)90075-X","journal-title":"Respir Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1713","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00626767","volume":"62","author":"NAS Taylor","year":"1991","unstructured":"Taylor NAS, Morrison JB (1991) Lung volume changes in response to altered breathing gas pressure during upright immersion. Eur J Appl Physiol 62:122\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00626767","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119127420.ch22","volume-title":"Theory and Applications of Heat Transfer in Humans","author":"NAS Taylor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taylor NAS, Notley SR (2018) Morphological and physiological considerations for the modelling of human heat loss. In: Shrivastava D (ed) Theory and Applications of Heat Transfer in Humans, vol 2. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, pp 463\u2013499"},{"key":"5276_CR1715","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2019.05.001","volume":"83","author":"NAS Taylor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Taylor NAS, Nykvist \u00c5, Powers N, Caldwell JN (2019) Thermoeffector threshold plasticity: the impact of thermal pre-conditioning on sudomotor, cutaneous vasomotor and thermogenic thresholds. J Therm Biol 83:37\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2019.05.001","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR1716","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taylor NAS and Patterson MJ (2016) Military clothing and protective material: protection at the limits of physiological regulation. In: Gefen A and Epstein Y (eds) The mechanobiology and mechanophysiology of military\u2014related injuries. studies in mechanobiology, tissue engineering and biomaterials. Volume 19. Springer-Verlag GmbH, Berlin, pp 303\u2013332","DOI":"10.1007\/8415_2014_181"},{"key":"5276_CR1717","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1970.219.4.1104","volume":"219","author":"CR Taylor","year":"1970","unstructured":"Taylor CR, Schmidt-Nielsen K, Raab JL (1970) Scaling of energetic cost of running to body size in mammals. Am J Physiol 219:1104\u20131107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1970.219.4.1104","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1718","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-018-3828-9","volume":"118","author":"NAS Taylor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taylor NAS, Shephard RJ, Lindinger MI (2018) Foundational insights into the estimation of whole-body metabolic rate. Eur J Appl Physiol 118:867\u2013874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-018-3828-9","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1719","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6_6","volume-title":"Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in physiology","author":"NAS Taylor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Taylor NAS, Taylor EA, Maloney SK, de Dear RJ (2022) Contributions from a land down under: the arid continent. In: Blatteis CM, Taylor NAS, Mitchell D (eds) Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in physiology. Springer, New York, pp 357\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6_6"},{"key":"5276_CR1720","unstructured":"Taylor NAS, van den Heuvel AMJ, Kerry P, McGhee S, Brown MA, and Peoples GE (2009) Indices of hydration state during progressive and controlled dehydration: the efficacy of saliva osmolality change as a preventative index suitable for field use. UOW-HPL-Report-035. Human Performance Laboratories, University of Wollongong, Australia"},{"key":"5276_CR1721","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-011-2299-z","volume":"112","author":"NAS Taylor","year":"2012","unstructured":"Taylor NAS, van den Heuvel AMJ, Kerry P, McGhee S, Peoples GE, Brown MA, Patterson MJ (2012) Observations on saliva osmolality during progressive dehydration and partial rehydration. Eur J Appl Physiol 112:3227\u20133237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-011-2299-z","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1722","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1957.11.3.333","volume":"11","author":"WH Teichner","year":"1957","unstructured":"Teichner WH (1957) Manual dexterity in the cold. J Appl Physiol 11:333\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1957.11.3.333","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1723","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1972.32.6.743","volume":"32","author":"A Teitlebaum","year":"1972","unstructured":"Teitlebaum A, Goldman RF (1972) Increased energy cost with multiple clothing layers. J Appl Physiol 32:743\u2013744. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1972.32.6.743","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1724","first-page":"1297","volume":"74","author":"LA Temme","year":"2003","unstructured":"Temme LA (2003) Ethics in human experimentation: the two military physicians who helped develop the Nuremberg Code. Aviat Space Environ Med 74:1297\u20131300","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/00431672.1959.9926960","volume":"12","author":"EC Thom","year":"1959","unstructured":"Thom EC (1959) The discomfort index. Weatherwise 12:57\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00431672.1959.9926960","journal-title":"Weatherwise"},{"key":"5276_CR1726","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00945.2005","volume":"100","author":"MM Thomas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thomas MM, Cheung SS, Elder GC, Sleivert GG (2006) Voluntary muscle activation is impaired by core temperature rather than local muscle temperature. J Appl Physiol 100:1361\u20131369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00945.2005","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1727","first-page":"467","volume-title":"Textbooks of military medicine. Medical aspects of harsh environments","author":"JR Thomas","year":"2001","unstructured":"Thomas JR, Oakley EH (2001) Nonfreezing cold injury. In: Pandolf KB, Burr RE (eds) Textbooks of military medicine. Medical aspects of harsh environments, vol 1. Borden Institute, Washington, pp 467\u2013490"},{"key":"5276_CR1728","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0710651","volume":"71","author":"CJ Thompson","year":"1986","unstructured":"Thompson CJ, Bland J, Burd J, Baylis PH (1986) The osmotic thresholds for thirst and vasopressin release are similar in healthy man. Clin Sci 71:651\u2013656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/cs0710651","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1729","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.81.3.1128","volume":"81","author":"RL Thompson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Thompson RL, Hayward JS (1996) Wet-cold exposure and hypothermia: thermal and metabolic responses to prolonged exercise in rain. J Appl Physiol 81:1128\u20131137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1996.81.3.1128","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-100632","volume":"55","author":"S Thorsson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thorsson S, Rayner D, Palm G, Lindberg F, Carlstr\u00f6m E, B\u00f6rjesson M, Nilson F, Khorram-Manesh A, Holmer B (2021) Is Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) a superior screening tool for heat stress risk than Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index? Eight years of data from the Gothenburg half marathon. Br J Sports Med 55:825\u2013830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2019-100632","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR8000","unstructured":"Thrower R (1928) Heat cramp. Br Med J 1:546\u2013546. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/25328348"},{"key":"5276_CR1731","volume-title":"Lehrbuch Der Physiologie Des Menschen","author":"R Tigerstedt","year":"1897","unstructured":"Tigerstedt R (1897) Lehrbuch Der Physiologie Des Menschen. S. Hirzel, Leipzig"},{"key":"5276_CR1732","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tigerstedt R (1906) A text-book of human physiology. Translated by Murlin, J.R. D. Appleton and Company, New York","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.44152"},{"key":"5276_CR1733","first-page":"441","volume":"68","author":"P Tikuisis","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tikuisis P (1997) Prediction of survival time at sea based on observed body cooling rates. Aviat Space Environ Med 68:441\u2013448","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01195.2002","volume":"95","author":"P Tikuisis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tikuisis P (2003) Heat balance precedes stabilization of body temperatures during cold water immersion. J Appl Physiol 95:89\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01195.2002","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1735","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-85-5-717","volume":"85","author":"P Tikuisis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tikuisis P (2004) Finger cooling during cold air exposure. Bull Am Meteor Soc 85:717\u2013724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/BAMS-85-5-717","journal-title":"Bull Am Meteor Soc"},{"key":"5276_CR1736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6_14","volume-title":"Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in physiology","author":"P Tikuisis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tikuisis P (2022) Contributions from the land of the maple leaf: Canada. In: Blatteis CM, Taylor NAS, Mitchell D (eds) Thermal physiology: a worldwide history. Perspectives in physiology. Springer, New York, pp 621\u2013652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-2362-6_14"},{"key":"5276_CR1737","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.70.5.1996","volume":"70","author":"P Tikuisis","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tikuisis P, Bell DG, Jacobs I (1991) Shivering onset, metabolic response, and convective heat transfer during cold air exposure. J Appl Physiol 70:1996\u20132002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1991.70.5.1996","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1738","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.86.4.1319","volume":"86","author":"P Tikuisis","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tikuisis P, Ducharme MB, Moroz D, Jacobs I (1999) Physiological responses of exercised-fatigued individuals exposed to wet-cold conditions. J Appl Physiol 86:1319\u20131328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1999.86.4.1319","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1739","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-002-0589-1","volume":"87","author":"P Tikuisis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tikuisis P, Eyolfson DA, Xu X, Giesbrecht GG (2002) Shivering endurance and fatigue during cold water immersion in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 87:50\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-002-0589-1","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1740","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.64.2.719","volume":"64","author":"P Tikuisis","year":"1988","unstructured":"Tikuisis P, Gonzalez RR, Pandolf KB (1988) Thermoregulatory model for immersion of humans in cold water. J Appl Physiol 64:719\u2013727. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1988.64.2.719","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1741","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0770581","volume":"77","author":"MJ Tipton","year":"1989","unstructured":"Tipton MJ (1989) The initial responses to cold-water immersion in man. Clin Sci 77:581\u2013588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/cs0770581","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1742","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1136\/jrnms-100-106","volume":"100","author":"M Tipton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tipton M (2014) Surgeon Rear Admiral Frank St. Clair Golden. J R Nav Med Serv 100:106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jrnms-100-106","journal-title":"J R Nav Med Serv"},{"key":"5276_CR1743","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-7648-3-12","volume":"3","author":"M Tipton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tipton M, Bradford C (2014) Moving in extreme environments: open water swimming in cold and warm water. Extreme Physiol Med 3:12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2046-7648-3-12","journal-title":"Extreme Physiol Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1744","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086283","volume":"102","author":"MJ Tipton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tipton MJ, Collier N, Massey H, Corbett J, Harper M (2017) Cold water immersion: kill or cure? Exp Physiol 102:1335\u20131355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/EP086283","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1745","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)07273-6","volume":"354","author":"M Tipton","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tipton M, Eglin C, Gennser M, Golden F (1999) Immersion deaths and deterioration in swimming performance in cold water. Lancet 354:626\u2013629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)07273-6","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5276_CR6000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050220","volume":"76","author":"MJ Tipton","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tipton MJ, Franks GM, Meneilly GS, Mekjavic IB (1997)\nSubstrate utilisation during exercise and shivering. Eur J Appl Physiol 76:103\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004210050220","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050416","volume":"78","author":"MJ Tipton","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tipton MJ, Golden F, St C, Mekjavic IB, Franks CM (1998) Temperature dependence of habituation of the initial responses to cold water immersion. Eur J Appl Physiol 78:253\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004210050416","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR3333","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2012.10.002","volume":"38","author":"MJ Tipton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tipton MJ, Wakabayashi H, Barwood MJ, Eglin CM, Mekjavic IB, Taylor NAS (2013) Habituation of the metabolic and ventilatory responses to cold-water immersion in humans. J Therm Biol 38:24\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2012.10.002","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR1747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/1412889","volume":"4","author":"EB Titchener","year":"1909","unstructured":"Titchener EB (1909) The psychophysics of climate. Am J Psychol 4:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1412889","journal-title":"Am J Psychol"},{"key":"5276_CR1748","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2012.32","volume":"1","author":"KKW To","year":"2012","unstructured":"To KKW, Yuen K-Y (2012) In memory of Patrick Manson, founding father of tropical medicine and the discovery of vector-borne infections. Emerg Microb Infect 1:e31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/emi.2012.32","journal-title":"Emerg Microb Infect"},{"key":"5276_CR1749","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.077115","volume":"563","author":"G Todd","year":"2005","unstructured":"Todd G, Butler JE, Taylor JL, Gandevia SC (2005) Hyperthermia: a failure of the motor cortex and the muscle. J Physiol 563:621\u2013631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.077115","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1750","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12327","volume":"212","author":"G Todd","year":"2014","unstructured":"Todd G, Gordon CJ, Groeller H, Taylor NAS (2014) Does intramuscular thermal feedback modulate eccrine sweating in exercising humans? Acta Physiol 212:86\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apha.12327","journal-title":"Acta Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1751","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1199435","volume":"331","author":"\u00d8 T\u00f8ien","year":"2011","unstructured":"T\u00f8ien \u00d8, Blake J, Edgar DM, Grahn DA, Heller HC, Barnes BM (2011) Hibernation in black bears: independence of metabolic suppression from body temperature. Science 331:906\u2013909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1199435","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5276_CR1752","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.2018-0182","volume":"58","author":"K Tokizawa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tokizawa K, Son SY, Oka T, Yasuda A (2020) Effectiveness of a field-type liquid cooling vest for reducing heat strain while wearing protective clothing. Ind Health 58:63\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2486\/indhealth.2018-0182","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"key":"5276_CR1753","first-page":"361","volume-title":"Human performance physiology and environmental medicine at terrestrial extremes","author":"MM Toner","year":"1988","unstructured":"Toner MM, McArdle WD (1988) Physiological adjustments of man to the cold. In: Pandolf KB, Sawka MN, Gonzalez RR (eds) Human performance physiology and environmental medicine at terrestrial extremes. Benchmark Press, Indianapolis, pp 361\u2013399"},{"key":"5276_CR1754","first-page":"137","volume":"24","author":"M Torii","year":"1995","unstructured":"Torii M (1995) Maximal sweating rate in humans. J Hum Ergol 24:137\u2013152","journal-title":"J Hum Ergol"},{"key":"5276_CR1755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13108","volume":"5","author":"SJ Trangmar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Trangmar SJ, Chiesa ST, Kalsi KK, Secher NH, Gonz\u00e1lez-Alonso J (2017) Whole body hyperthermia, but not skin hyperthermia, accelerates brain and locomotor limb circulatory strain and impairs exercise capacity in humans. Physiol Reports 5:e13108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14814\/phy2.13108","journal-title":"Physiol Reports"},{"key":"5276_CR1756","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000109","volume":"45","author":"SJ Trangmar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Trangmar SJ, Gonz\u00e1lez-Alonso J (2017) New insights into the impact of dehydration on blood flow and metabolism during exercise. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 45:146\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/JES.0000000000000109","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR2345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01051083","volume":"33","author":"ML Trapasso","year":"1989","unstructured":"Trapasso ML, Cooper JD (1989) Record performances at the Boston Marathon: biometeorological factors. Int J Biometeorol 33:233\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01051083","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"5276_CR1757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199507000-00010","volume":"27","author":"TA Trappe","year":"1995","unstructured":"Trappe TA, Starling RD, Jozsi AC, Goodpaster BH, Trappe SW, Nomura T, Obara S, Costill DL (1995) Thermal responses to swimming in three water temperatures: influence of a wet suit. Med Sci Sports Exerc 27:1014\u20131021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/00005768-199507000-00010","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR1758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2016.09.007","volume":"134","author":"P Trayhurn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Trayhurn P (2017) Origins and early development of the concept that brown adipose tissue thermogenesis is linked to energy balance and obesity. Biochimie 134:62\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biochi.2016.09.007","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"5276_CR1759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2020.1751489","volume":"44","author":"M Trbovich","year":"2021","unstructured":"Trbovich M, Ford A, Wu Y, Koek W, Wecht J, Kellogg D (2021) Correlation of neurological level and sweating level of injury in persons with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 44:902\u2013909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10790268.2020.1751489","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1760","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise","author":"ME Tschakovsky","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tschakovsky ME, Pyke KE (2008) Cardiovascular responses to exercise and limitations to human performance. In: Taylor NAS, Groeller H (eds) Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Edinburgh, pp 5\u201327"},{"key":"5276_CR1761","volume-title":"Everest\u2014the first ascent. The untold story of griffith pugh, the man who made it possible","author":"H Tuckey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tuckey H (2013) Everest\u2014the first ascent. The untold story of griffith pugh, the man who made it possible. Random House Group, London"},{"key":"5276_CR1762","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1098\/rsnr.1971.0003","volume":"26","author":"PA Tunbridge","year":"1971","unstructured":"Tunbridge PA (1971) Jean Andr\u00e9 De Luc, F.R.S. (1727\u20131817). Notes Rec R Soc Lond 26:15\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsnr.1971.0003","journal-title":"Notes Rec R Soc Lond"},{"key":"5276_CR1763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.2951.75","volume":"2","author":"GG Turner","year":"1917","unstructured":"Turner GG (1917) Medical and surgical notes from Mesopotamia. BMJ 2:75\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.2.2951.75","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR1764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e383","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001365","volume":"60","author":"AW Tustin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tustin AW, Cannon DL, Arbury SB, Thomas RJ, Hodgson MJ (2018) Risk factors for heat-related illness in US workers: an OSHA case series. J Occup Environ Med 60:e383\u2013e389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001365","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1765","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00025.2021","volume":"37","author":"T Tveita","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tveita T, Sieck GC (2022) Physiological impact of hypothermia: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Physiology 37:69\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physiol.00025.2021","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"5276_CR1766","first-page":"247","volume":"37","author":"EA Underwood","year":"1944","unstructured":"Underwood EA (1944) Lavoisier and the history of respiration. Proc R Soc Med 37:247\u2013262","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1767","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/article.27044","author":"E Underwood","year":"2012","unstructured":"Underwood E (2012) Landscape of dead bodies may have inspired first mummies. South American hunter-gatherers began mummifying their dead about 7000 years ago. Science (news). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/article.27044","journal-title":"Science (news)"},{"key":"5276_CR1768","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18003312903","volume":"33","author":"C Ungley","year":"1945","unstructured":"Ungley C, Channell J, Richards R (1945) The immersion foot syndrome. Br J Surg 33:17\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.18003312903","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"5276_CR1769","unstructured":"University of Adelaide (2013) Sir Cedric Stanton Hicks (1892\u20131976). http:\/\/www.adelaide.edu.au\/library\/special\/mss\/hicks\/ (Accessed: Oct 21st, 2013)"},{"key":"5276_CR1770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12497915","volume":"69","author":"H Uno","year":"1977","unstructured":"Uno H (1977) Sympathetic innervation of the sweat glands and piloerrector muscles of macaques and human beings. J Investig Dermatol 69:112\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12497915","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"5276_CR1771","unstructured":"UPI (1984) A 4-year-old boy who was submerged nearly 30 minutes... https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Archives\/1984\/01\/17\/A-4-year-old-boy-who-was-submerged-nearly-30-minutes\/1172443163600\/ (Accessed: Jun 25th, 2022)"},{"key":"5276_CR1772","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2016.1191491","volume":"24","author":"TR Valentino","year":"2016","unstructured":"Valentino TR, Stuempfle KJ, Kern M, Hoffman MD (2016) The influence of hydration state on thermoregulation during a 161-km ultramarathon. Res Sports Med 24:197\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15438627.2016.1191491","journal-title":"Res Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1773","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02332221","volume":"58","author":"AL Vallerand","year":"1989","unstructured":"Vallerand AL, Jacobs I (1989) Rates of energy substrates utilization during human cold exposure. Eur J Appl Physiol 58:873\u2013878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02332221","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00705095","volume":"65","author":"AL Vallerand","year":"1992","unstructured":"Vallerand AL, Savourey G, Hanniquet A-M, Bittel JHM (1992) How should body heat storage be determined in humans: by thermometry or calorimetry? Eur J Appl Physiol 65:286\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00705095","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1775","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199309001-00012","volume":"92","author":"SM Valnicek","year":"1993","unstructured":"Valnicek SM, Chasmar LR, Clapson JB (1993) Frostbite in the prairies: a 12-year review. Plast Reconstr Surg 92:633\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006534-199309001-00012","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"5276_CR1776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1126\/science.141.3581.643","volume":"141","author":"W van Beaumont","year":"1963","unstructured":"van Beaumont W, Bullard RW (1963) Sweating: its rapid responses to muscular work. Science 141:643\u2013646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.141.3581.643","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5276_CR1777","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-196307000-00012","volume":"24","author":"EE van Brunt","year":"1963","unstructured":"van Brunt EE, Ganong WF (1963) The effects of preanesthetic medication, anesthesia and hypothermia on the endocrine response to injury. Anesthesiology 24:500\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000542-196307000-00012","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"5276_CR1778","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-017-3592-2","volume":"117","author":"AMJ van den Heuvel","year":"2017","unstructured":"van den Heuvel AMJ, Haberley BJ, Hoyle DJR, Taylor NAS, Croft RJ (2017) The independent influences of heat strain and dehydration upon cognition. Eur J Appl Physiol 117:1025\u20131037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-017-3592-2","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1779","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2797","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-020-04492-5","volume":"120","author":"AMJ van den Heuvel","year":"2020","unstructured":"van den Heuvel AMJ, Haberley BJ, Hoyle DJR, Taylor NAS, Croft RJ (2020a) Hyperthermia, but not dehydration, alters electrical activity of the brain. Eur J Appl Physiol 120:2797\u20132811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-020-04492-5","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1780","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2813","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-020-04493-4","volume":"120","author":"AMJ van den Heuvel","year":"2020","unstructured":"van den Heuvel AMJ, Haberley BJ, Hoyle DJR, Croft RJ, Peoples GE, Taylor NAS (2020b) Hyperthermia and dehydration: their independent and combined influences on physiological function during rest and exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 120:2813\u20132834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-020-04493-4","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1781","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.3357\/ASEM.2854.2010","volume":"81","author":"AMJ van den Heuvel","year":"2010","unstructured":"van den Heuvel AMJ, Kerry P, van der Velde JHPM, Patterson MJ, Taylor NAS (2010) Torso undergarments: their merit in clothed and armored individuals in hot-dry conditions. Aviat Space Environ Med 81:1107\u20131113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3357\/ASEM.2854.2010","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1782","unstructured":"van den Heuvel AMJ, van den Wijngaart L and Taylor NAS (2007) Absence of a gender affect on the flow-dependent nature of sweat sodium loss. In: Mekjavic IB, Kounalakis SN and Taylor NAS (eds). Environmental Ergonomics XII. Biomed d.o.o., Ljubljana, pp 298\u2013300"},{"key":"5276_CR1783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.3357\/asem.2258.2008","volume":"79","author":"NR van der Struijs","year":"2008","unstructured":"van der Struijs NR, van Es EM, Raymann RJ, Daanen HAM (2008) Finger and toe temperatures on exposure to cold water and cold air. Aviat Space Environ Med 79:941\u2013946. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3357\/asem.2258.2008","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1784","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R285","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00652.2010","volume":"301","author":"WD van Marken Lichtenbelt","year":"2011","unstructured":"van Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Schrauwen P (2011) Implications of nonshivering thermogenesis for energy balance regulation in humans. Am J Physiol 301:R285\u2013R296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00652.2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1785","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808718","volume":"360","author":"WD van Marken Lichtenbelt","year":"2009","unstructured":"van Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Vanhommerig JW, Smulders NM, Drossaerts JM, Kemerink GJ, Bouvy ND, Schrauwen P, Teule GJ (2009) Cold-activated brown adipose tissue in healthy men. N Engl J Med 360:1500\u20131508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa0808718","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1786","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210000305","volume":"83","author":"MA van Nieuwenhoven","year":"2000","unstructured":"van Nieuwenhoven MA, Vriens BEPJ, Brummer RJ, Brouns FJPH (2000) Effect of dehydration on gastrointestinal function at rest and during exercise in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 83:578\u2013584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004210000305","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.29.4.387","volume":"29","author":"AJ van Rensburg","year":"1972","unstructured":"van Rensburg AJ, Mitchell D, van der Walt WH, Strydom NB (1972) Physiological reactions of men using microclimate cooling in hot humid environments. Occup Environ Med 29:387\u2013393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.29.4.387","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1788","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-313-19","volume":"55","author":"JK Vanos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vanos JK, Grundstein AJ (2020) Variations in athlete heat-loss potential between hot-dry and warm-humid environments at equivalent wet-bulb globe temperature thresholds. J Athl Train 55:1190\u20131198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-313-19","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"5276_CR1789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.52.6.1557","volume":"52","author":"A Veicsteinas","year":"1982","unstructured":"Veicsteinas A, Ferretti G, Rennie DW (1982) Superficial shell insulation in resting and exercising men in cold water. J Appl Physiol 52:1557\u20131564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1982.52.6.1557","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1790","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.52.4.845","volume":"52","author":"A Veicsteinas","year":"1982","unstructured":"Veicsteinas A, Rennie DW (1982) Thermal insulation and shivering threshold in Greek sponge divers. J Appl Physiol 52:845\u2013850. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1982.52.4.845","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR6666","unstructured":"Vernon HM (1921) The influence of atmospheric conditions on industrial efficiency. J State Med 29:353\u2013362. https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/45204776"},{"issue":"Part V","key":"5276_CR1791","first-page":"116","volume":"73","author":"HM Vernon","year":"1923","unstructured":"Vernon HM (1923) The index of comfort at high atmospheric temperatures. Med Res Council Report Ser (london) 73(Part V):116\u2013149","journal-title":"Med Res Council Report Ser (london)"},{"key":"5276_CR1792","first-page":"392","volume":"8","author":"HM Vernon","year":"1926","unstructured":"Vernon HM (1926) Is effective temperature or cooling power the better index of comfort? J Ind Hyg 8:392\u2013401","journal-title":"J Ind Hyg"},{"key":"5276_CR1793","first-page":"287","volume":"9","author":"HM Vernon","year":"1927","unstructured":"Vernon HM (1927) The wet kata-thermometer as an index of the suitability of atmospheric conditions for heavy work. J Ind Hyg 9:287\u2013296","journal-title":"J Ind Hyg"},{"key":"5276_CR1794","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1928.8.1.130","volume":"8","author":"HM Vernon","year":"1928","unstructured":"Vernon HM (1928) Industrial fatigue in relation to atmospheric conditions. Physiol Rev 8:130\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1928.8.1.130","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR1795","first-page":"xv","volume":"70","author":"HM Vernon","year":"1930","unstructured":"Vernon HM (1930) The measurement of radiant heat in relation to human comfort. J Physiol 70:xv","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1796","first-page":"95","volume":"14","author":"HM Vernon","year":"1932","unstructured":"Vernon HM (1932) The measurement of radiant heat in relation to human comfort. J Ind Hyg 14:95\u2013111","journal-title":"J Ind Hyg"},{"key":"5276_CR1797","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.49705925005","volume":"59","author":"HM Vernon","year":"1933","unstructured":"Vernon HM (1933) The estimation of solar radiation in relation to its warming effect on the human body. Q J R Meteorol Soc 59:239\u2013249","journal-title":"Q J R Meteorol Soc"},{"key":"5276_CR1798","unstructured":"Vernon HM, Hope EW and Kelynack TN (1926) Methods of investigating ventilation. J State Med 34:144\u2013153. https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/45206734"},{"key":"5276_CR1799","volume-title":"Is effective temperature or cooling power the better index of comfort?","author":"HM Vernon","year":"1926","unstructured":"Vernon HM, Yaglou CP (1926) Is effective temperature or cooling power the better index of comfort? Harvard Medical School, Baltimore"},{"key":"5276_CR1800","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(67)90196-9","volume":"43","author":"RM Vertel","year":"1967","unstructured":"Vertel RM, Knochel JP (1967) Acute renal failure due to heat injury. An analysis of ten cases associated with a high incidence of myoglobinuria. Am J Med 43:435\u2013451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9343(67)90196-9","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"5276_CR7878","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.01.016","volume":"94","author":"KL Vinales","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vinales KL, Begaye B, Thearle MS, Krakoff J, Piaggi P (2019) Core body temperature, energy expenditure, and epinephrine during fasting, eucaloric feeding, and overfeeding in healthy adult men: evidence for a ceiling effect for human thermogenic response to diet. Metabolism 94:59\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.01.016","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"5276_CR1801","first-page":"738","volume":"59","author":"MJ Vincent","year":"1988","unstructured":"Vincent MJ, Tipton MJ (1988) The effects of cold immersion and hand protection on grip strength. Aviat Space Environ Med 59:738\u2013741","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2015.1068440","volume":"34","author":"JL Vingren","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vingren JL, Budnar RG, McKenzie AL, Duplanty AA, Luk HY, Levitt DE, Armstrong LE (2016) The acute testosterone, growth hormone, cortisol and interleukin-6 response to 164-km road cycling in a hot environment. J Sports Sci 34:694\u2013699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640414.2015.1068440","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.02.013","volume":"19","author":"KA Virtanen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Virtanen KA (2014) BAT thermogenesis: linking shivering to exercise. Cell Metab 19:352\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.02.013","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"5276_CR1804","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808949","volume":"360","author":"KA Virtanen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Virtanen KA, Lidell ME, Orava J, Heglind M, Westergren R, Niemi T, Taittonen M, Laine J, Savisto NJ, Enerb\u00e4ck S, Nuutila P (2009) Functional brown adipose tissue in healthy adults. N Engl J Med 360:1518\u20131525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa0808949","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1805","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3781","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2127","volume":"92","author":"A Vitali","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vitali A, Segnalini M, Bertocchi L, Bernabucci U, Nardone A, Lacetera N (2009) Seasonal pattern of mortality and relationships between mortality and temperature-humidity index in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 92:3781\u20133790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2009-2127","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbm.2008.0010","volume":"54","author":"S Vogel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vogel S (2008) Knut Schmidt-Nielsen. 24 September 1915\u201325 January 2007. Biogr Mem Fellows R Soc 54:319\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbm.2008.0010","journal-title":"Biogr Mem Fellows R Soc"},{"key":"5276_CR1807","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138208924955","volume":"25","author":"JJ Vogt","year":"1982","unstructured":"Vogt JJ, Candas V, Libert J-P (1982) Graphical determination of heat tolerance limits. Ergonomics 25:285\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140138208924955","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"5276_CR1808","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138308963425","volume":"26","author":"JJ Vogt","year":"1983","unstructured":"Vogt JJ, Meyer JP, Candas V, Libert J-P, Sagot JC (1983) Pumping effects on thermal insulation of clothing worn by human subjects. Ergonomics 26:963\u2013974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140138308963425","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"5276_CR1809","first-page":"57","volume":"14","author":"C Voit","year":"1878","unstructured":"Voit C (1878) \u00dcber die Wirkung der Temperatur der umgebenden Luft auf die Zersetsungen im Organismus der Warmbl\u00fcter. Z Biol 14:57\u2013160","journal-title":"Z Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR1810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-445X.2000.01909.x","volume":"85","author":"S Vyb\u00edral","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vyb\u00edral S, Lesn\u00e1 I, Jansk\u00fd L, Zeman V (2000) Thermoregulation in winter swimmers and physiological significance of human catecholamine thermogenesis. Exp Physiol 85:321\u2013326","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1811","first-page":"590","volume":"50","author":"CE Wade","year":"1979","unstructured":"Wade CE, Dacanay S, Smith RM (1979) Regional heat loss in resting man during immersion in 25.2\u00a0\u00b0C water. Aviat Space Environ Med 50:590\u2013593","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1812","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1927.02690020016006","volume":"89","author":"EG Wakefield","year":"1927","unstructured":"Wakefield EG, Hall WW (1927) Heat injuries: a preparatory study for experimental heat-stroke. J Am Med Assoc 89:92\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1927.02690020016006","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"5276_CR1813","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092417","volume":"49","author":"BA Wall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wall BA, Watson G, Peiffer JJ, Abbiss CR, Siegel R, Laursen PB (2015) Current hydration guidelines are erroneous: dehydration does not impair exercise performance in the heat. Br J Sports Med 49:1077\u20131083. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092417","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1814","first-page":"64","volume":"84","author":"WFM Wallace","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wallace WFM (2011) Obituary: Ian Campbell Roddie 1928\u20132011. Physiology News 84:64","journal-title":"Physiology News"},{"key":"5276_CR1815","first-page":"132","volume":"4","author":"WK Waller","year":"1869","unstructured":"Waller WK (1869) Heat apoplexy. Ind Med Gaz 4:132\u2013133","journal-title":"Ind Med Gaz"},{"issue":"Supplement","key":"5276_CR1816","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S185","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(90)90128-6","volume":"30","author":"BG Wallin","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wallin BG (1990) Neural control of human skin blood flow. J Auton Nerv Syst 30(Supplement):S185\u2013S190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0165-1838(90)90128-6","journal-title":"J Auton Nerv Syst"},{"key":"5276_CR1817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2015.1088502","volume":"3","author":"L Wall\u00f8e","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wall\u00f8e L (2016) Arterio-venous anastomoses in the human skin and their role in temperature control. Temperature 3:92\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23328940.2015.1088502","journal-title":"Temperature"},{"key":"5276_CR1818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000139797.26760.06","volume":"36","author":"NP Walsh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Walsh NP, Laing SJ, Oliver SJ, Montague JC, Walters R, Bilzon JLJ (2004) Saliva parameters as potential indices of hydration status during acute dehydration. Med Sci Sports Exerc 36:1535\u20131542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/01.mss.0000139797.26760.06","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5276_CR1819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00592494","volume":"319","author":"OE Walther","year":"1970","unstructured":"Walther OE, Iriki M, Simon E (1970) Antagonistic changes of blood flow and sympathetic activity in different vascular beds following central thermal stimulation. Pfl\u00fcgers Arch 319:162\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00592494","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch"},{"key":"5276_CR1820","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e129","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12117","volume":"24","author":"F Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang F, Annaheim S, Morrissey M, Rossi RM (2014) Real evaporative cooling efficiency of one-layer tight-fitting sportswear in a hot environment. Scand J Med Sci Sports 24:e129\u2013e139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.12117","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"5276_CR1821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2019.109561","volume":"205","author":"F Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang F, Chow CSW, Zheng Q, Ke Y, Yang B, Zheng X, Noor N, Zhang Q, Zhang C, Zhou H (2019) On the use of personal cooling suits to mitigate heat strain of mascot actors in a hot and humid environment. Energy Build 205:109561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enbuild.2019.109561","journal-title":"Energy Build"},{"key":"5276_CR1822","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2307\/198295","volume":"36","author":"RD Ward","year":"1904","unstructured":"Ward RD (1904) Sensible temperatures. Bull Am Geogr Soc 36:129\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/198295","journal-title":"Bull Am Geogr Soc"},{"key":"5276_CR1823","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229616","volume":"15","author":"MD Ward","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ward MD, King MA, Gabrial C, Kenefick RW, Leon LR (2020) Biochemical recovery from exertional heat stroke follows a 16-day time course. PLoS ONE 15:e0229616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0229616","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5276_CR1824","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00115.2012","volume":"36","author":"DE Watenpaugh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Watenpaugh DE (2012) John Greenleaf\u2019s life of science. Adv Physiol Educ 36:234\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/advan.00115.2012","journal-title":"Adv Physiol Educ"},{"key":"5276_CR1825","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.2307\/4574690","volume":"32","author":"JA Watkins","year":"1917","unstructured":"Watkins JA (1917) Mitigation of the heat hazard in industries. Public Health Reports (1896\u20131970) 32:2111\u20132121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/4574690","journal-title":"Public Health Reports (1896\u20131970)"},{"key":"5276_CR1826","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1897.02440390010002b","volume":"29","author":"WH Weaver","year":"1897","unstructured":"Weaver WH (1897) The rational treatment of sunstroke. J Am Med Assoc 29:620\u2013621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1897.02440390010002b","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"5276_CR1827","first-page":"297","volume-title":"The physiology and medicine of diving","author":"P Webb","year":"1982","unstructured":"Webb P (1982) Thermal problems. In: Bennett PB, Elliott DH (eds) The physiology and medicine of diving. Bailli\u00e8re Tindall, London, pp 297\u2013318"},{"key":"5276_CR1828","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.2.385","volume":"60","author":"P Webb","year":"1986","unstructured":"Webb P (1986) Afterdrop of body temperature during rewarming: an alternative explanation. J Appl Physiol 60:385\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.2.385","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1829","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00625070","volume":"64","author":"P Webb","year":"1992","unstructured":"Webb P (1992) Temperatures of skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle and core in resting men in cold, comfortable and hot conditions. Eur J Appl Physiol 64:471\u2013476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00625070","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1830","unstructured":"Webb P (1998) Heat storage during exercise, especially in muscle. In: Hodgdon JA, Heaney JH and Buono MJ (eds) Environmental Ergonomics VIII. International Series on Environmental Ergonomics, Volume 1. pp 121\u2013124"},{"key":"5276_CR1831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1968.215.2.299","volume":"215","author":"MM Webb-Peploe","year":"1968","unstructured":"Webb-Peploe MM, Shepherd JT (1968) Response of large hindlimb veins of the dog to sympathetic nerve stimulation. Am J Physiol 215:299\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1968.215.2.299","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1832","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Environmental physiology. MTP International review of science, physiology series one","author":"AJF Webster","year":"1974","unstructured":"Webster AJF (1974) Physiological effects of cold exposure. In: Robertshaw D (ed) Environmental physiology. MTP International review of science, physiology series one, vol 7. Butterworths, London, pp 33\u201369"},{"key":"5276_CR1833","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20745","volume":"492","author":"E Weihe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Weihe E, Schutz B, Hartschuh W, Anlauf M, Schafer MK, Eiden LE (2005) Coexpression of cholinergic and noradrenergic phenotypes in human and nonhuman autonomic nervous system. J Comp Neurol 492:370\u2013379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.20745","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"5276_CR1834","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.028","volume":"116","author":"KR Weinberger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weinberger KR, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J, Wellenius GA (2018) Effectiveness of National Weather Service heat alerts in preventing mortality in 20 US cities. Environ Int 116:30\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.028","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"5276_CR1835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1945.sp004103","volume":"104","author":"JS Weiner","year":"1945","unstructured":"Weiner JS (1945) The regional distribution of sweating. J Physiol 104:32\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1945.sp004103","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1836","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Physiological variation and its genetic basis","author":"JS Weiner","year":"1977","unstructured":"Weiner JS (1977) Variation in sweating. In: Weiner JS (ed) Physiological variation and its genetic basis. Taylor and Francis, London, pp 125\u2013137"},{"key":"5276_CR1837","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1960.tb01413.x","volume":"35","author":"JS Weiner","year":"1960","unstructured":"Weiner JS, Hellmann K (1960) The sweat glands. Biol Rev 35:141\u2013186","journal-title":"Biol Rev"},{"key":"5276_CR1838","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)92764-6","volume":"315","author":"JS Weiner","year":"1980","unstructured":"Weiner JS, Khogali M (1980) A physiological body-cooling unit for treatment of heat stroke. Lancet 315:507\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)92764-6","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5276_CR6767","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1949.sp004363","volume":"109","author":"JB Weiner","year":"1949","unstructured":"Weir JB (1949) New methods for calculating metabolic rate with special reference to protein metabolism. J Physiol 109:1\u20139.  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1949.sp004363","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1839","first-page":"51","volume":"39","author":"AB Weisse","year":"2012","unstructured":"Weisse AB (2012) Self-experimentation and its role in medical research. Tex Heart Inst J 39:51\u201354","journal-title":"Tex Heart Inst J"},{"key":"5276_CR1840","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R226","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1997.272.1.R226","volume":"272","author":"AS Weller","year":"1997","unstructured":"Weller AS, Millard CE, Stroud MA, Greenhaff PL, Macdonald IA (1997a) Physiological responses to cold, wet, and windy environment during prolonged intermittent walking. Am J Physiol 272:R226\u2013R233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.1997.272.1.R226","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1841","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R2025","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1997.272.6.R2025","volume":"272","author":"AS Weller","year":"1997","unstructured":"Weller AS, Millard CE, Stroud MA, Greenhaff PL, Macdonald IA (1997b) Physiological responses to cold stress during prolonged intermittent low- and high-intensity walking. Am J Physiol 272:R2025\u2013R2033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.1997.272.6.R2025","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1842","first-page":"185","volume":"7","author":"H Wenzel","year":"1978","unstructured":"Wenzel H (1978) Heat stress upon undressed man due to different combinations of elevated environmental temperature, air humidity, and metabolic heat production: a critical comparison of heat stress indices. J Hum Ergol 7:185\u2013206","journal-title":"J Hum Ergol"},{"key":"5276_CR1843","unstructured":"Wenzel HG, Mehnert C and Schwarzenau P (1989) Evaluation of tolerance limits for humans under heat stress and the problems involved. Scand J Work Environ Health. 15(Supplement 1):7\u201314. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/40965604"},{"key":"5276_CR1844","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4565(80)90003-0","volume":"5","author":"J Werner","year":"1980","unstructured":"Werner J (1980) The concept of regulation for human body temperature. J Therm Biol 5:75\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0306-4565(80)90003-0","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR1845","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Werner J (1996) Modeling homeostatic responses to heat and cold. Comprehensive Physiology. Supplement 14: Handbook of Physiology, Environmental Physiology, pp 613\u2013626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.cp040128","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.cp040128"},{"key":"5276_CR1846","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-009-1216-1","volume":"19","author":"J Werner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Werner J (2010) System properties, feedback control and effector coordination of human temperature regulation. Eur J Appl Physiol 19:13\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-009-1216-1","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1847","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53632-7.00515-3","volume-title":"Comprehensive biomedical physics","author":"J Werner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Werner J (2014) Measurement of temperatures of the human body. In: Brahme A (ed) Comprehensive biomedical physics, vol 5. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 107\u2013126"},{"key":"5276_CR9999","unstructured":"Werner J, Mekjavic IB, Taylor NAS (2008) Concepts in physiological regulation: a thermoregulatory perspective. In: Taylor NAS, Groeller H (eds) Physiological Bases of Human Performance During Work and Exercise. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Edinburgh, pp 325\u2013340"},{"key":"5276_CR1848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00421205","volume":"45","author":"J Werner","year":"1980","unstructured":"Werner J, Reents T (1980) A contribution to the topography of temperature regulation in man. Eur J Appl Physiol 45:87\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00421205","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1849","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23061","volume":"62","author":"JC Wesdock","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wesdock JC, Donoghue AM (2019) Life-threatening heat-related illness with severe hyponatremia in an aluminum smelter worker. Am J Ind Med 62:1068\u20131075. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajim.23061","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-73693-8_2","volume-title":"Integration in respiratory control advances in experimental medicine and biology","author":"JB West","year":"2008","unstructured":"West JB (2008) JS Haldane and some of his contributions to physiology. In: Poulin MJ, Wilson RJA (eds) Integration in respiratory control advances in experimental medicine and biology, vol 605. Springer, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-0-387-73693-8_2"},{"key":"5276_CR1851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-1-5","volume":"1","author":"KR Westerterp","year":"2004","unstructured":"Westerterp KR (2004) Diet induced thermogenesis. Nutr Metab 1:1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1743-7075-1-5","journal-title":"Nutr Metab"},{"key":"5276_CR1852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665117001148","volume":"77","author":"KR Westerterp","year":"2018","unstructured":"Westerterp KR (2018) Exercise, energy expenditure and energy balance, as measured with doubly labelled water. Proc Nutr Soc 77:4\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0029665117001148","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"5276_CR1853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.61.6.2162","volume":"61","author":"KR Westerterp","year":"1986","unstructured":"Westerterp KR, Saris WH, van Es M, Ten Hoor F (1986) Use of the doubly labeled water technique in humans during heavy sustained exercise. J Appl Physiol 61:2162\u20132167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1986.61.6.2162","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1854","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.22462\/04.06.2020.11","volume":"47","author":"CE Wheelock","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wheelock CE, Hess HW, Schlader ZJ, Johnson BJ, Hostler D (2020) Whole-body active heating does not preserve finger temperature or manual dexterity during cold-water immersion. Undersea Hyperb Med 47:253\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22462\/04.06.2020.11","journal-title":"Undersea Hyperb Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1055\/S-2008-1034653","volume":"1","author":"BJ Whipp","year":"1980","unstructured":"Whipp BJ, Ward SA (1980) Ventilatory control dynamics during muscular exercise in man. Int J Sports Med 1:146\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/S-2008-1034653","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1856","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/40.12.991","volume":"40","author":"JD Whitby","year":"1968","unstructured":"Whitby JD, Dunkin LJ (1968) Temperature differences in the oesophagus. Preliminary Study. Br J Anaesth 40:991\u2013995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/40.12.991","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"5276_CR1857","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/41.7.615","volume":"41","author":"JD Whitby","year":"1969","unstructured":"Whitby JD, Dunkin LJ (1969) Temperature differences in the oesophagus. The effects of intubation and ventilation. Br J Anaesth 41:615\u2013618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/41.7.615","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"5276_CR1858","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/43.7.673","volume":"43","author":"JD Whitby","year":"1971","unstructured":"Whitby JD, Dunkin LJ (1971) Cerebral, oesophageal and nasopharyngeal temperatures. Br J Anaesth 43:673\u2013676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/43.7.673","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"5276_CR1859","first-page":"121","volume":"19","author":"MD White","year":"1992","unstructured":"White MD, Ross WD, Mekjavic IB (1992) Relationship between physique and rectal temperature cooling rate. Undersea Biomed Res 19:121\u2013130","journal-title":"Undersea Biomed Res"},{"key":"5276_CR1860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM194504122321501","volume":"232","author":"JC White","year":"1945","unstructured":"White JC, Scoville WB (1945) Trench foot and immersion foot. N Engl J Med 232:415\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM194504122321501","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1861","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4046","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0436428100","volume":"100","author":"CR White","year":"2003","unstructured":"White CR, Seymour RS (2003) Mammalian basal metabolic rate is proportional to body mass2\/3. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:4046\u20134049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0436428100","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"5276_CR1862","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01501","volume":"208","author":"CR White","year":"2005","unstructured":"White CR, Seymour RS (2005) Allometric scaling of mammalian metabolism. J Exp Biol 208:1611\u20131619. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.01501","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR1863","first-page":"5","volume":"109","author":"RJ Whitney","year":"1949","unstructured":"Whitney RJ (1949) Measurement of changes in human limb volume by means of a mercury in-rubber strain gauge. J Physiol 109:5-6P","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1953.sp004926","volume":"121","author":"RJ Whitney","year":"1953","unstructured":"Whitney RJ (1953) The measurement of volume changes in human limbs. J Physiol 121:1\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1953.sp004926","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1865","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1961.10662820","volume":"2","author":"JL Whittenberger","year":"1961","unstructured":"Whittenberger JL, Silverman L, Fair GM, Drinker P (1961) Constantin Prodromos YAGLOU, 1897\u20131960. Arch Environ Health 2:93\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00039896.1961.10662820","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"5276_CR1866","first-page":"14","volume":"66","author":"G Whyte","year":"2020","unstructured":"Whyte G, Tipton M (2020) The BASES expert statement on human performance and health in cold environments. Sport Exerc Sci 66:14\u201315","journal-title":"Sport Exerc Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1867","unstructured":"Widerynski S, Schramm PJ, Conlon KC, Noe RS, Grossman E, Hawkins M, Nayak SU, Roach M and Hilts AS (2017) Use of cooling centers to prevent heat-related illness: summary of evidence and strategies for implementation. Climate and Health Technical Report Series, Climate and Health Program. National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA"},{"key":"5276_CR1868","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/S0096-4174(18)30067-2","volume":"4","author":"DR Wilkie","year":"1954","unstructured":"Wilkie DR (1954) Facts and theories about muscle. Prog Biophys Biophys Chem 4:288\u2013324","journal-title":"Prog Biophys Biophys Chem"},{"key":"5276_CR1869","first-page":"259","volume":"10","author":"DR Wilkie","year":"1960","unstructured":"Wilkie DR (1960) Thermodynamics and the interpretation of biological heat measurements. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 10:259\u2013298","journal-title":"Prog Biophys Mol Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR1870","first-page":"403","volume":"3","author":"RW Wilkins","year":"1938","unstructured":"Wilkins RW, Doupe J, Newman HW (1938) The rate of blood flow to the fingers. Clin Sci 3:403\u2013411","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)16576-1","volume":"195","author":"WH Willcox","year":"1920","unstructured":"Willcox WH (1920a) Heat hyperpyrexia. Lancet 195:648\u2013649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)16576-1","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5276_CR1872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.3090.392","volume":"1","author":"WH Willcox","year":"1920","unstructured":"Willcox WH (1920b) The nature, prevention, and treatment of heat hyperpyrexia: the clinical aspect. BMJ 1:392\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.1.3090.392","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR1873","first-page":"267","volume":"15","author":"H Williams","year":"1899","unstructured":"Williams H, Arnold HD (1899) The effects of violent and prolonged muscular exercise upon the heart. Trans Am Climatol Assoc 15:267\u2013285","journal-title":"Trans Am Climatol Assoc"},{"key":"5276_CR1874","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1962.17.4.625","volume":"17","author":"CG Williams","year":"1962","unstructured":"Williams CG, Bredell GAG, Wyndham CH, Strydom NB, Morrison JF, Peter J, Fleming PW, Ward JS (1962) Circulatory and metabolic reactions to work in heat. J Appl Physiol 17:625\u2013638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1962.17.4.625","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1875","first-page":"143","volume":"153","author":"K Williamson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Williamson K, Izard R (2007) Epidemic of non-freezing cold injury in the British Army. J R Army Med Corps 153:143","journal-title":"J R Army Med Corps"},{"key":"5276_CR1876","unstructured":"Wilsmore BR (2008) Thermoregulation in People with Spinal-Cord Injury. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Wollongong, Australia"},{"key":"5276_CR1877","first-page":"71","volume":"3","author":"NC Wilson","year":"1970","unstructured":"Wilson NC (1970) A study of immersion hypothermia and rewarming techniques. New Zealand J Health Phys Educ Recreat 3:71\u201381","journal-title":"New Zealand J Health Phys Educ Recreat"},{"key":"5276_CR1878","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1443","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00712.2005","volume":"291","author":"TE Wilson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wilson TE, Cui J, Zhang R, Crandall CG (2006) Heat stress reduces cerebral blood velocity and markedly impairs orthostatic tolerance in humans. Am J Physiol 291:R1443\u2013R1448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00712.2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1879","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1970.29.5.658","volume":"29","author":"O Wilson","year":"1970","unstructured":"Wilson O, Goldman RF (1970) Role of air temperature and wind in the time necessary for a finger to freeze. J Appl Physiol 29:658\u2013664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1970.29.5.658","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1880","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1976.41.4.551","volume":"41","author":"O Wilson","year":"1976","unstructured":"Wilson O, Goldman RF, Molnar GW (1976) Freezing temperature of finger skin. J Appl Physiol 41:551\u2013558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1976.41.4.551","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1881","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1126\/science.43.1116.716","volume":"43","author":"C-EA Winslow","year":"1916","unstructured":"Winslow C-EA (1916) The kata thermometer as a measure of the effect of atmospheric conditions upon bodily comfort. Science 43:716\u2013719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.43.1116.716","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5276_CR1882","first-page":"487","volume":"17","author":"CEA Winslow","year":"1926","unstructured":"Winslow CEA (1926) Objectives and standards of ventilation. Public Health J 17:487\u2013495","journal-title":"Public Health J"},{"key":"5276_CR1883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1936.116.3.641","volume":"116","author":"C-EA Winslow","year":"1936","unstructured":"Winslow C-EA, Herrington LP, Gagge AP (1936a) A new method of partitional calorimetry. Am J Physiol 116:641\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1936.116.3.641","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1884","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1936.116.3.669","volume":"116","author":"C-EA Winslow","year":"1936","unstructured":"Winslow C-EA, Herrington LP, Gagge AP (1936b) The determination of radiation and convection exchanges by partitional calorimetry. Am J Physiol 116:669\u2013684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1936.116.3.669","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1937.120.1.1","volume":"120","author":"C-EA Winslow","year":"1937","unstructured":"Winslow C-EA, Herrington LP, Gagge AP (1937) Physiological reactions of the human body to varying environmental temperatures. Am J Physiol 120:1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1937.120.1.1","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1886","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1939.127.3.505","volume":"127","author":"C-EA Winslow","year":"1939","unstructured":"Winslow C-EA, Gagge A, Herrington LP (1939) The influence of air movement upon heat losses from the clothed human body. Am J Physiol 127:505\u2013518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1939.127.3.505","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1887","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-57397-6","volume-title":"Human temperature control: a quantitative approach","author":"EH Wissler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wissler EH (2018) Human temperature control: a quantitative approach. Springer-Verlag GmbH, Berlin"},{"key":"5276_CR1888","first-page":"213","volume":"9","author":"EH Wissler","year":"1982","unstructured":"Wissler EH, Ketch RB (1982) Errors involved in using thermal flux transducers under various conditions. Undersea Biomed Res 9:213\u2013231","journal-title":"Undersea Biomed Res"},{"key":"5276_CR1889","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM189505231322102","volume":"132","author":"CF Withington","year":"1895","unstructured":"Withington CF (1895) Heat prostration; an analysis of one hundred cases occurring in thirteen consecutive years. Boston Med Surg J 132:511\u2013515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM189505231322102","journal-title":"Boston Med Surg J"},{"key":"5276_CR1890","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429059667","volume-title":"A history of science technology and philosophy in the eighteenth century","author":"A Wolf","year":"1938","unstructured":"Wolf A (1938) A history of science technology and philosophy in the eighteenth century. Routledge, London. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780429059667"},{"key":"5276_CR1891","volume-title":"Thirst: physiology of the urge to drink and problems of water lack","author":"AV Wolf","year":"1958","unstructured":"Wolf AV (1958) Thirst: physiology of the urge to drink and problems of water lack. Charles C, Thomas, Springfield"},{"key":"5276_CR1892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1974.tb13084.x","volume":"91","author":"JE Wolf","year":"1974","unstructured":"Wolf JE, Maibach HI (1974) Palmar eccrine sweating\u2014the role of adrenergic and cholinergic mediators. Br J Dermatol 91:439\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1974.tb13084.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"5276_CR1893","unstructured":"Wolstenholme G (1987) Cyril Henry Wyndham. Munk\u2019s Roll. 8:556. https:\/\/history.rcplondon.ac.uk\/inspiring-physicians\/cyril-henry-wyndham (Accessed: Mar 11th, 2022)"},{"key":"5276_CR1894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2016.1200203","volume":"4","author":"BJ Wong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wong BJ, Hollowed CG (2017) Current concepts of active vasodilation in human skin. Temperature 4:41\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23328940.2016.1200203","journal-title":"Temperature"},{"key":"5276_CR1895","first-page":"515","volume":"25","author":"MM Wood","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wood MM (2008) Dominique-Jean Larrey, Chief Surgeon of the French Army with Napoleon in Egypt: notes and observations on larrey\u2019s medical memoirs based on the Egyptian Campaign. Can Bull Med Hist 25:515\u2013535","journal-title":"Can Bull Med Hist"},{"key":"5276_CR1896","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI104102","volume":"39","author":"JE Wood","year":"1960","unstructured":"Wood JE, Bass DE (1960) Responses of the veins and arterioles of the forearm to walking during acclimatization to heat in man. J Clin Investig 39:825\u2013833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI104102","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"5276_CR1897","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/military-2022-002133","author":"F Wood","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wood F, Roiz-de-Sa D, Pynn H, Smith JE, Bishop J, Hemingway R (2022) Outcomes of UK military personnel treated with ice cold water immersion for exertional heat stroke. BMJ Military Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/military-2022-002133. (In press)","journal-title":"BMJ Military Health"},{"key":"5276_CR1898","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R423","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1982.242.5.R423","volume":"242","author":"RJ Wood","year":"1982","unstructured":"Wood RJ, Rolls ET, Rolls BJ (1982) Physiological mechanisms for thirst in the nonhuman primate. Am J Physiol 242:R423\u2013R428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.1982.242.5.R423","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1899","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woodcock AH (1961) Moisture Permeability Index\u2014a new index for describing evaporative heat transfer through fabric systems. Environmental Protection Research Division, Technical Report EP-149. Quartermaster Research & Engineering Command, U.S. Army, Natick, MA, USA","DOI":"10.21236\/AD0265286"},{"key":"5276_CR1900","unstructured":"Woodcock AH, Powers JJ and Breckenridge JR (1956) Man\u2019s thermal balance in warm environments. Technical Report EP-30. Quartermaster Research and Engineering Command, Natick"},{"key":"5276_CR1901","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (2005) The Treatment of diarrhoea: a manual for physicians and other senior health workers. Fourth revision, pp 1\u201344"},{"key":"5276_CR1902","unstructured":"World Population Review (2022) Military size by country 2022. https:\/\/worldpopulationreview.com\/country-rankings\/military-size-by-country (Accessed: Jul 22nd, 2022)"},{"key":"5276_CR1903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.398.179-a","volume":"2","author":"EM Wrench","year":"1868","unstructured":"Wrench EM (1868) Heat-apn\u0153a and sun-stroke. BMJ 2:179\u2013180","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5276_CR1904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.151.4.785","volume":"151","author":"K Wrenn","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wrenn K (1991) Immersion foot. A problem of the homeless in the 1990s. Arch Intern Med 151:785\u2013788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinte.151.4.785","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1905","volume-title":"On the temperature in diseases: a manual of medical thermometry","author":"CA Wunderlich","year":"1871","unstructured":"Wunderlich CA (1871) On the temperature in diseases: a manual of medical thermometry, 2nd edn. New Sydenham Society, London (Translated by Woodman, W.B.)","edition":"2"},{"key":"5276_CR1906","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.10520\/AJA0038223X_4676","volume":"50","author":"CH Wyndham","year":"1950","unstructured":"Wyndham CH (1950) Methods of expressing the effect of thermal environment on man. J South Afr Inst Min Metall 50:211\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.10520\/AJA0038223X_4676","journal-title":"J South Afr Inst Min Metall"},{"key":"5276_CR1907","first-page":"68","volume":"46","author":"CH Wyndham","year":"1966","unstructured":"Wyndham CH (1966) A survey of research initiated by Chamber of Mines into clinical aspects of heat stroke. Proc Mine Med Officers\u2019 Assoc (south Africa) 46:68\u201380","journal-title":"Proc Mine Med Officers\u2019 Assoc (south Africa)"},{"key":"5276_CR1908","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1967.22.1.27","volume":"22","author":"CH Wyndham","year":"1967","unstructured":"Wyndham CH (1967) Effect of acclimatization on the sweat rate\/rectal temperature relationship. J Appl Physiol 22:27\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1967.22.1.27","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/0002889748507014","volume":"35","author":"CH Wyndham","year":"1974","unstructured":"Wyndham CH (1974) Research in the human sciences in the gold mining industry. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 35:113\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0002889748507014","journal-title":"Am Ind Hyg Assoc J"},{"key":"5276_CR1910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1977.tb38192.x","volume":"301","author":"CH Wyndham","year":"1977","unstructured":"Wyndham CH (1977) Heat stroke and hyperthermia in marathon runners. Ann NY Acad Sci 301:128\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1977.tb38192.x","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1911","first-page":"287","volume":"53","author":"CH Wyndham","year":"1953","unstructured":"Wyndham CH, Bouwer WM, Paterson HE, Devine MG (1953) Practical aspects of recent physiological studies in Witwatersrand gold mines. J Chem Metall Min Soc South Afr 53:287\u2013313","journal-title":"J Chem Metall Min Soc South Afr"},{"key":"5276_CR1912","first-page":"545","volume":"27","author":"CH Wyndham","year":"1973","unstructured":"Wyndham CH, Heyns AJ (1973) The probability of heat stroke developing at different levels of heat stress. Arch Sci Physiol 27:545\u2013562","journal-title":"Arch Sci Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1913","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1964.19.6.1055","volume":"19","author":"CH Wyndham","year":"1964","unstructured":"Wyndham CH, McPherson RK, Munro A (1964) Reactions to heat of aborigines and Caucasians. J Appl Physiol 19:1055\u20131058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1964.19.6.1055","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1914","first-page":"893","volume":"43","author":"CH Wyndham","year":"1969","unstructured":"Wyndham CH, Strydom NB (1969a) The danger of an inadequate water intake during marathon running. S Afr Med J 43:893\u2013896","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"5276_CR1915","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.10520\/AJA0038223X_20","volume":"70","author":"CH Wyndham","year":"1969","unstructured":"Wyndham CH, Strydom NB (1969b) Acclimatizing men to heat in climatic rooms on mines. J S Afr Inst Min Metall 70:60\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.10520\/AJA0038223X_20","journal-title":"J S Afr Inst Min Metall"},{"key":"5276_CR1916","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1973.35.4.454","volume":"35","author":"CH Wyndham","year":"1973","unstructured":"Wyndham CH, Strydom NB, Benade AJS, van Rensburg AJ (1973) Limiting rates of work for acclimatization at high wet bulb temperatures. J Appl Physiol 35:454\u2013488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1973.35.4.454","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1917","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1959.14.5.771","volume":"14","author":"CH Wyndham","year":"1959","unstructured":"Wyndham CH, Strydom NB, Cooke HM, Maritz JS, Morrison JF, Fleming PW, Ward JS (1959) Methods of cooling subjects with hyperpyrexia. J Appl Physiol 14:771\u2013776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1959.14.5.771","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1918","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1970.29.1.45","volume":"29","author":"CH Wyndham","year":"1970","unstructured":"Wyndham CH, Strydom NB, van Rensburg AJ, Benade AJ, Heyns AJ (1970) Relation between VO2 max and body temperature in hot humid air conditions. J Appl Physiol 29:45\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1970.29.1.45","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1919","unstructured":"Wyndham CH, Strydom NB, Williams CG and Heyns A (1967) An examination of certain individual factors affecting the heat tolerance of mine workers. J South Afr Inst Min Metall 68:79\u201391. https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10520\/AJA0038223X_3920"},{"key":"5276_CR1920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1974.36.6.726","volume":"36","author":"CR Wyss","year":"1974","unstructured":"Wyss CR, Brengelmann GL, Johnson JM, Rowell LB, Niederberger M (1974) Control of skin blood flow, sweating, and heart rate: role of skin vs. core temperature. J Appl Physiol 36:726\u2013733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1974.36.6.726","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1921","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2018.08.022","volume":"78","author":"X Xu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xu X, Giesbrecht GG (2018) A new look at survival times during cold water immersion. J Therm Biol 78:100\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2018.08.022","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR1922","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-013-2674-z","volume":"113","author":"X Xu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xu X, Karis AJ, Buller MJ, Santee WR (2013) Relationship between core temperature, skin temperature, and heat flux during exercise in heat. Eur J Appl Physiol 113:2381\u20132389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-013-2674-z","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1923","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.107778","volume":"188","author":"J Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu J, Psikuta A, Li J, Annaheim S, Rossi RM (2021) A numerical investigation of the influence of wind on convective heat transfer from the human body in a ventilated room. Build Environ 188:107427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.107778","journal-title":"Build Environ"},{"key":"5276_CR1924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c130047","volume":"4","author":"X Xu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xu X, Tikuisis P (2014) Thermoregulatory modeling for cold stress. Compr Physiol 4:1057\u20131081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c130047","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1925","first-page":"402","volume":"8","author":"CP Yaglou","year":"1926","unstructured":"Yaglou CP (1926) Effective temperature versus kata-thermometer: a reply to HM Vernon. J Ind Hyg 8:402\u2013413","journal-title":"J Ind Hyg"},{"key":"5276_CR1926","first-page":"297","volume":"9","author":"CP Yaglou","year":"1927","unstructured":"Yaglou CP (1927) Temperature, humidity, and air movement in industries: the effective temperature index. J Ind Hyg 9:297\u2013309","journal-title":"J Ind Hyg"},{"key":"5276_CR1927","first-page":"70","volume-title":"Physiology of heat regulation and the science of clothing","author":"CP Yaglou","year":"1949","unstructured":"Yaglou CP (1949a) Thermometry. In: Newburgh LH (ed) Physiology of heat regulation and the science of clothing. Hafner Publishing Company, New York, pp 70\u201377"},{"key":"5276_CR1928","first-page":"277","volume-title":"Physiology of heat regulation and the science of clothing","author":"CP Yaglou","year":"1949","unstructured":"Yaglou CP (1949b) Indices of comfort. In: Newburgh LH (ed) Physiology of heat regulation and the science of clothing. Hafner Publishing Company, New York, pp 277\u2013287"},{"key":"5276_CR1929","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.40.5_Pt_2.131","volume":"40","author":"CP Yaglou","year":"1950","unstructured":"Yaglou CP, Baetjer AM, Machle W, McConnell WJ, Shaudy LA, Winslow C-E, Witheridge WN (1950) Thermal standards in industry, industrial hygiene section, report of the committee on atmospheric comfort. Am J Public Health Nation\u2019s Health 40:131\u2013143","journal-title":"Am J Public Health Nation\u2019s Health"},{"key":"5276_CR1930","first-page":"302","volume":"16","author":"CP Yaglou","year":"1957","unstructured":"Yaglou CP, Minard D (1957) Control of heat casualties at military training camps. Am Med Assoc Arch Ind Health 16:302\u2013316","journal-title":"Am Med Assoc Arch Ind Health"},{"key":"5276_CR1931","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbenv.2020.06.007","volume":"2","author":"B Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang B, Ding X, Wang F, Li A (2021) A review of intensified conditioning of personal micro-environments: moving closer to the human body. Energy Built Environ 2:260\u2013270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enbenv.2020.06.007","journal-title":"Energy Built Environ"},{"key":"5276_CR1932","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000008417","volume":"96","author":"M Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang M, Li Z, Zhao Y, Zhou F, Zhang Y, Gao J, Yin T, Hu X, Mao Z, Xiao J, Wang L (2017) Outcome and risk factors associated with extent of central nervous system injury due to exertional heat stroke. Medicine 96:e8417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000008417","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"5276_CR1933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.05.025","volume":"64","author":"L Yankelson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yankelson L, Sadeh B, Gershovitz L, Werthein J, Heller K, Halpern P, Halkin A, Adler A, Steinvil A, Viskin S (2014) Life-threatening events during endurance sports: is heat stroke more prevalent than arrhythmic death? J Am Coll Cardiol 64:463\u2013469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.05.025","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00035.2019","volume":"35","author":"R Yanovich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yanovich R, Ketko I, Charkoudian N (2020) Sex differences in human thermoregulation: relevance for 2020 and beyond. Physiology 35:177\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physiol.00035.2019","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"5276_CR1935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.01.020","volume":"75","author":"A Yavchitz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yavchitz A, Ravaud P, Altman DG, Moher D, Hrobjartsson A, Lasserson T, Boutron I (2016) A new classification of spin in systematic reviews and meta-analyses was developed and ranked according to the severity. J Clin Epidemiol 75:56\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.01.020","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1936","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1097\/00044067-200404000-00013","volume":"15","author":"TP Yeo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yeo TP (2004) Heat stroke: a comprehensive review. AACN Adv Crit Care 15:280\u2013293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00044067-200404000-00013","journal-title":"AACN Adv Crit Care"},{"key":"5276_CR1937","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2005.09.002","volume":"36","author":"T Yoda","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yoda T, Crawshaw LI, Nakamura M, Saito K, Konishi A, Nagashima K, Uchida S, Kanosue K (2005) Effects of alcohol on thermoregulation during mild heat exposure in humans. Alcohol 36:195\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.alcohol.2005.09.002","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"5276_CR1938","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.1.147","volume":"1","author":"H Yoshimura","year":"1950","unstructured":"Yoshimura H, Iida T (1950) Studies on the reactivity of skin vessels to extreme cold. Part I. A point test on the resistance against frost bite. Jpn J Physiol 1:147\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2170\/jjphysiol.1.147","journal-title":"Jpn J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1939","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.2.177","volume":"2","author":"H Yoshimura","year":"1951","unstructured":"Yoshimura H, Iida T (1951) Studies on the reactivity of skin vessels to extreme cold. Part II. Factors govering the individual difference of the reactivity, or the resistance against frost-bite. Jpn J Physiol 2:177\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2170\/jjphysiol.2.177","journal-title":"Jpn J Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1940","volume-title":"Essential problems in climate physiology: a tribute to professor yas kuno in celebration of his seventy-seventh birthday","year":"1960","unstructured":"Yoshimura H, Ogata K, Itoh S (eds) (1960) Essential problems in climate physiology: a tribute to professor yas kuno in celebration of his seventy-seventh birthday. Nankodo, Kyoto"},{"key":"5276_CR1941","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Young AJ (1996) Homeostatic responses to prolonged cold exposure: human cold acclimatization. Comprehensive physiology. Supplement 14: Handbook of physiology, environmental physiology, pp 419\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.cp040119","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.cp040119"},{"key":"5276_CR1942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1920.0004","volume":"91","author":"WJ Young","year":"1920","unstructured":"Young WJ, Breinl A, Harris JJ, Osborne WA (1920) Effect of exercise and humid heat upon pulse rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and blood concentration. Proc R Soc Lond 91:111\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.1920.0004","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond"},{"key":"5276_CR1943","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/s1095-6433(01)00282-3","volume":"128","author":"AJ Young","year":"2001","unstructured":"Young AJ, Castellani JW (2001) Exertion-induced fatigue and thermoregulation in the cold. Comp Biochem Physiol Part A 128:769\u2013776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1095-6433(01)00282-3","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol Part A"},{"key":"5276_CR1944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1139\/H07-041","volume":"32","author":"AJ Young","year":"2007","unstructured":"Young AJ, Castellani JW (2007) Exertional fatigue and cold exposure: mechanisms of hiker\u2019s hypothermia. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 32:793\u2013798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/H07-041","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"5276_CR1945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.5.1542","volume":"60","author":"AJ Young","year":"1986","unstructured":"Young AJ, Muza SR, Sawka MN, Gonzalez RR, Pandolf KB (1986) Human thermoregulatory responses to cold air are altered by repeated cold water immersion. J Appl Physiol 60:1542\u20131548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.5.1542","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1946","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.66.4.1809","volume":"66","author":"AJ Young","year":"1989","unstructured":"Young AJ, Sawka MN, Neufer PD, Muza SR, Askew EW, Pandolf KB (1989) Thermoregulation during cold water immersion is unimpaired by low muscle glycogen levels. J Appl Physiol 66:1809\u20131816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1989.66.4.1809","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1947","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Nutritional needs in cold and high-altitude environments: applications for military personnel in field operations","author":"AJ Young","year":"1996","unstructured":"Young AJ, Sawka MN, Pandolf KB (1996) Physiology of cold exposure. In: Marriott BM, Carlson SJ (eds) Nutritional needs in cold and high-altitude environments: applications for military personnel in field operations. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., pp 127\u2013147"},{"key":"5276_CR1948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/39.4.406","volume":"39","author":"MK Yousef","year":"1984","unstructured":"Yousef MK, Dill DB, Vitez TS, Hillyard SD, Goldman AS (1984) Thermoregulatory responses to desert heat: age, race and sex. J Gerontol 39:406\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronj\/39.4.406","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"key":"5276_CR1949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2021.0144","volume":"23","author":"K Zafren","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zafren K, Lechner R, Paal P, Brugger H, Peek G, Darocha T (2022) Induced hypothermia as cold as 3\u00b0C in humans: forgotten cases rediscovered. High Alt Med Biol 23:105\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ham.2021.0144","journal-title":"High Alt Med Biol"},{"key":"5276_CR1950","first-page":"217","volume":"7","author":"EJ Zambraski","year":"1975","unstructured":"Zambraski EJ, Tipton CM, Tcheng TK, Jordon HR, Vailas AC, Callahan AK (1975) Iowa wrestling study: changes in the urinary profiles of wrestlers prior to and after competition. Med Sci Sports 7:217\u2013220","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"5276_CR1951","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-005-1337-0","volume":"94","author":"P Zamparo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zamparo P, Bonifazi M, Faina M, Milan A, Sardella F, Schena F, Capelli C (2005) Energy cost of swimming of elite long-distance swimmers. Eur J Appl Physiol 94:697\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-005-1337-0","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1952","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1433-7","volume":"111","author":"P Zamparo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zamparo P, Capelli C, Pendergast D (2011) Energetics of swimming: a historical perspective. Eur J Appl Physiol 111:367\u2013378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-010-1433-7","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-008-0715-9","volume":"104","author":"J Zander","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zander J, Morrison J (2008) Effects of pressure, cold and gloves on hand skin temperature and manual performance of divers. Eur J Appl Physiol 104:237\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-008-0715-9","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1954","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-0348-7429-8","volume-title":"Thermal balance in health and disease: recent basic research and clinical progress","author":"E Zeisberger","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zeisberger E (1994) Kurt Br\u00fcck\u2014his life and contributions to thermal physiology. In: Zeisberger E, Sch\u00f6nbaum E, Lomax P (eds) Thermal balance in health and disease: recent basic research and clinical progress. Birkh\u00e4user Verlag, Basel, pp 1\u20137"},{"key":"5276_CR1955","volume-title":"Thermal balance in health and disease: recent basic research and clinical progress","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zeisberger E, Sch\u00f6nbaum E, Lomax P (eds) (1994) Thermal balance in health and disease: recent basic research and clinical progress. Birkh\u00e4user Verlag, Basel"},{"key":"5276_CR1956","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00376-021-1246-0","volume":"38","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Ng C-P, Dai K, Xu J, Tang J, Sun J, Mu M (2021) Lessons learned from the tragedy during the 100 km ultramarathon race in Baiyin, Gansu Province on 22 May 2021. Adv Atmos Sci 38:1803\u20131810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00376-021-1246-0","journal-title":"Adv Atmos Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1957","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-018-0398-6","volume":"17","author":"L Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang L, Zhang Z, Ye T, Zhou M, Wang C, Yin P, Hou B (2018) Mortality effects of heat waves vary by age and area: a multi-area study in China. Environ Health 17:54. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12940-018-0398-6","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"5276_CR1958","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesf.2013.04.002","volume":"11","author":"J Zhao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhao J, Lorenzo S, An N, Feng W, Lai L, Cui S (2013) Effects of heat and different humidity levels on aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance in athletes. J Exerc Sci Fit 11:35\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jesf.2013.04.002","journal-title":"J Exerc Sci Fit"},{"key":"5276_CR1959","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0846.2000.006002045.x","volume":"6","author":"J Zhong","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zhong J, Asker CL, Salerud EG (2000) Imaging, image processing and pattern analysis of skin capillary ensembles. Skin Res Technol 6:45\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0846.2000.006002045.x","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"key":"5276_CR1960","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13142","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113142","volume":"23","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Qi Z, Ding S (2022) Exercise-induced adipose tissue thermogenesis and browning: how to explain the conflicting findings? Int J Mol Sci 23:13142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232113142","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5276_CR1961","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"SR1","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.882188","volume":"18","author":"R Ziemba","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ziemba R (2012) Use of individual auto-injector kits \u2018IZAS-05\u2019on the contemporary battlefield. Med Sci Monit 18:SR1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/MSM.882188","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"5276_CR1962","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.18.4.429","volume":"18","author":"BG Zimmerman","year":"1966","unstructured":"Zimmerman BG (1966) Separation of responses of arteries and veins to sympathetic stimulation. Circ Res 18:429\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.res.18.4.429","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"5276_CR1963","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.71","volume":"18","author":"CA Zimmerman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zimmerman CA, Leib DE, Knight ZA (2017) Neural circuits underlying thirst and fluid homeostasis. Nat Rev Neurosci 18:459\u2013469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn.2017.71","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"5276_CR1964","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2016-0215","volume":"27","author":"M Zimmermann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zimmermann M, Landers G, Wallman KE, Saldaris J (2017) The effects of crushed ice ingestion prior to steady state exercise in the heat. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 27:220\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijsnem.2016-0215","journal-title":"Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab"},{"key":"5276_CR1965","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.15.030153.002041","volume":"15","author":"Y Zotterman","year":"1953","unstructured":"Zotterman Y (1953) Special senses: thermal receptors. Annu Rev Physiol 15:357\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.ph.15.030153.002041","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"5276_CR1966","unstructured":"Zotterman Y (1959) Thermal sensations. In: Field JF, Magoun HW, and Hall VE (eds) Handbook of physiology: neurophysiology. Sect ion 1, Volume 3. American Physiological Society, Washington, pp 431\u2013458"},{"key":"5276_CR1967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.074641","volume":"45","author":"H Zouhal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zouhal H, Groussard C, Minter G, Vincent S, Cretual A, Gratas-Delamarche A, Delamarche P, Noakes TD (2011) Inverse relationship between percentage body weight change and finishing time in 643 forty-two-kilometre marathon runners. Br J Sports Med 45:1101\u20131105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.2010.074641","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"5276_CR1968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01663362","volume":"70","author":"L Zuntz","year":"1898","unstructured":"Zuntz L (1898) Ueber den Gaswechsel und Energieumsatz des Radfahrers. Pfl\u00fcgers Arch 70:346\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01663362","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch"},{"key":"5276_CR1969","volume-title":"Studien zu einer Physiologie des Marsches","author":"N Zuntz","year":"1901","unstructured":"Zuntz N, Schumburg WAEF (1901) Studien zu einer Physiologie des Marsches. August Hirschwald, Berlin"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00421-023-05276-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00421-023-05276-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00421-023-05276-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T11:12:56Z","timestamp":1705057976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00421-023-05276-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"references-count":1995,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["5276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-023-05276-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1439-6319","1439-6327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1439-6319","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-6327","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 January 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 July 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 October 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There are no conflicts of interest to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}