{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:08:10Z","timestamp":1789578490774,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance at Shanghai University of Sport","award":["11DZ2261100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11DZ2261100"]}]},{"name":"research project of Shanghai University of Sport","award":["2022XJ020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022XJ020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Appl Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-023-05295-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T02:01:48Z","timestamp":1692756108000},"page":"537-549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Caffeine intake enhances peak oxygen uptake and performance during high-intensity cycling exercise in moderate hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"124","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3157-099X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tze-Huan","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8890-7261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiyang","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4797-182X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Girard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4214-8543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toby","family":"M\u00fcndel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7148-0764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ran","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1206-3614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2323-3707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinhang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5295_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13414","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69660-1","volume":"10","author":"AS Aguiar Jr","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aguiar AS Jr, Speck AE, Canas PM, Cunha RA (2020) Neuronal adenosine A2A receptors signal ergogenic effects of caffeine. Sci Rep 10(1):13414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-69660-1","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"5295_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31815e728f","volume":"40","author":"M Amann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Amann M, Hopkins WG, Marcora SM (2008) Similar sensitivity of time to exhaustion and time-trial time to changes in endurance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 40(3):574\u2013578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31815e728f","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"3","key":"5295_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1089\/jcr.2011.0022","volume":"1","author":"TA Astorino","year":"2011","unstructured":"Astorino TA, Cottrell T, Lozano AT, Aburto-Pratt K, Duhon J (2011) Ergogenic effects of caffeine on simulated time-trial performance are independent of fitness level. J Caffeine Res 1(3):179\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jcr.2011.0022","journal-title":"J Caffeine Res"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"5295_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-003-0899-y","volume":"90","author":"H Benoit","year":"2003","unstructured":"Benoit H, Busso T, Castells J, Geyssant A, Denis C (2003) Decrease in peak heart rate with acute hypoxia in relation to sea level VO(2max). Eur J Appl Physiol 90(5\u20136):514\u2013519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-003-0899-y","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5295_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198205000-00012","volume":"14","author":"GA Borg","year":"1982","unstructured":"Borg GA (1982) Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc 14(5):377\u2013381","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"S1","key":"5295_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S446","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.22","volume":"153","author":"RA Brown","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brown RA, Spina D, Page CP (2008) Adenosine receptors and asthma. Br J Pharmacol 153(S1):S446\u2013S456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bjp.2008.22","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5295_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R291","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00155.2002","volume":"284","author":"JA Calbet","year":"2003","unstructured":"Calbet JA, Boushel R, R\u00e5degran G, S\u00f8ndergaard H, Wagner PD, Saltin B (2003) Determinants of maximal oxygen uptake in severe acute hypoxia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 284(2):R291\u2013R303","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5295_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2011-0056OC","volume":"45","author":"L Calzetta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Calzetta L, Spina D, Cazzola M, Page CP, Facciolo F, Rendina EA, Matera MG (2011) Pharmacological characterization of adenosine receptors on isolated human bronchi. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 45(6):1222\u20131231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1165\/rcmb.2011-0056OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5295_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2021.0114","volume":"23","author":"Y Cao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cao Y, Fujii N, Fujimoto T, Lai YF, Ogawa T, Hiroyama T, Enomoto Y, Nishiyasu T (2022) CO2-enriched air inhalation modulates the ventilatory and metabolic responses of endurance runners during incremental running in hypobaric hypoxia. High Alt Med Biol 23(2):125\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ham.2021.0114","journal-title":"High Alt Med Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5295_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13996","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13996","volume":"7","author":"Y Cao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cao Y, Ichikawa Y, Sasaki Y, Ogawa T, Hiroyama T, Enomoto Y, Fujii N, Nishiyasu T (2019) Expiratory flow limitation under moderate hypobaric hypoxia does not influence ventilatory responses during incremental running in endurance runners. Physiol Rep 7(3):e13996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14814\/phy2.13996","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"5295_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200039020-00004","volume":"39","author":"JA Carrillo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Carrillo JA, Benitez J (2000) Clinically significant pharmacokinetic interactions between dietary caffeine and medications. Clin Pharmacokinet 39(2):127\u2013153","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"5295_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i40","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092837","volume":"47","author":"RF Chapman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chapman RF (2013) The individual response to training and competition at altitude. Br J Sports Med 47(Suppl 1):i40-44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092837","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"5295_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181667421","volume":"40","author":"RF Chapman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chapman RF, Stager JM (2008) Caffeine stimulates ventilation in athletes with exercise-induced hypoxemia. Med Sci Sports Exerc 40(6):1080\u20131086. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181667421","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"9","key":"5295_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318211bf45","volume":"43","author":"RF Chapman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chapman RF, Stager JM, Tanner DA, Stray-Gundersen J, Levine BD (2011) Impairment of 3000-m run time at altitude is influenced by arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 43(9):1649\u20131656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318211bf45","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"06","key":"5295_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-989231","volume":"29","author":"N Chester","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chester N, Wojek N (2008) Caffeine consumption amongst British athletes following changes to the 2004 WADA prohibited list. Int J Sports Med 29(06):524\u2013528","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"5295_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cohen J (2013) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge"},{"issue":"6","key":"5295_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.112.081216","volume":"82","author":"SV Conde","year":"2012","unstructured":"Conde SV, Ribeiro MJ, Obeso A, Rigual R, Monteiro EC, Gonzalez C (2012) Chronic caffeine intake in adult rat inhibits carotid body sensitization produced by chronic sustained hypoxia but maintains intact chemoreflex output. Mol Pharmacol 82(6):1056\u20131065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/mol.112.081216","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5295_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1139\/h11-052","volume":"36","author":"J Del Coso","year":"2011","unstructured":"Del Coso J, Mu\u00f1oz G, Mu\u00f1oz-Guerra J (2011) Prevalence of caffeine use in elite athletes following its removal from the World Anti-Doping Agency list of banned substances. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 36(4):555\u2013561","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"5295_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31815f8957","volume":"40","author":"JA Dempsey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dempsey JA, Amann M, Romer LM, Miller JD (2008) Respiratory system determinants of peripheral fatigue and endurance performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 40(3):457\u2013461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31815f8957","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"2","key":"5295_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2011.632431","volume":"30","author":"B Desbrow","year":"2012","unstructured":"Desbrow B, Biddulph C, Devlin B, Grant GD, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Leveritt MD (2012) The effects of different doses of caffeine on endurance cycling time trial performance. J Sports Sci 30(2):115\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640414.2011.632431","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5295_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2005.00445.x","volume":"15","author":"M Doherty","year":"2005","unstructured":"Doherty M, Smith PM (2005) Effects of caffeine ingestion on rating of perceived exertion during and after exercise: a meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 15(2):69\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2005.00445.x","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"5","key":"5295_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200005000-00008","volume":"32","author":"F Durand","year":"2000","unstructured":"Durand F, Mucci P, Pr\u00e9faut C (2000) Evidence for an inadequate hyperventilation inducing arterial hypoxemia at submaximal exercise in all highly trained endurance athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32(5):926\u2013932. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005768-200005000-00008","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"1","key":"5295_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1990.68.1.322","volume":"68","author":"AD D'Urzo","year":"1990","unstructured":"D\u2019Urzo AD, Jhirad R, Jenne H, Avendano MA, Rubinstein I, D\u2019Costa M, Goldstein RS (1990) Effect of caffeine on ventilatory responses to hypercapnia, hypoxia, and exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol 68(1):322\u2013328","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5295_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2016.0034","volume":"17","author":"JL Fan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fan JL, Kayser B (2016) Fatigue and exhaustion in hypoxia: the role of cerebral oxygenation. High Alt Med Biol 17(2):72\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ham.2016.0034","journal-title":"High Alt Med Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"5295_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0165034","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165034","volume":"11","author":"JL Flueck","year":"2016","unstructured":"Flueck JL, Schaufelberger F, Lienert M, Schafer Olstad D, Wilhelm M, Perret C (2016) Acute effects of caffeine on heart rate variability, blood pressure and tidal volume in paraplegic and tetraplegic compared to able-bodied individuals: a randomized, blindede trial. PLos ONE 11(10):e0165034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0165034","journal-title":"PLos ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"5295_CR26","first-page":"539","volume":"65","author":"CS Fulco","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fulco CS, Rock PB, Trad LA, Rose MS, Forte VA, Young PM, Cymerman A (1994) Effect of caffeine on submaximal exercise performance at altitude. Aviat Space Environ Med 65(6):539\u2013545","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"5295_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199802000-00004","volume":"30","author":"TP Gavin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gavin TP, Derchak PA, Stager JM (1998) Ventilation\u2019s role in the decline in VO2max and SaO2 in acute hypoxic exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 30(2):195\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005768-199802000-00004","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"1","key":"5295_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-020-00383-4","volume":"18","author":"NS Guest","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guest NS, VanDusseldorp TA, Nelson MT, Grgic J, Schoenfeld BJ, Jenkins NDM, Arent SM, Antonio J, Stout JR, Trexler ET, Smith-Ryan AE, Goldstein ER, Kalman DS, Campbell BI (2021) International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 18(1):1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12970-020-00383-4","journal-title":"J Int Soc Sports Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"5295_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050155","volume":"129","author":"LL Howell","year":"1997","unstructured":"Howell LL, Coffin VL, Spealman RD (1997) Behavioral and physiological effects of xanthines in nonhuman primates. Psychopharmacology 129(1):1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002130050155","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"5295_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00219","volume":"10","author":"R Knaier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Knaier R, Infanger D, Niemeyer M, Cajochen C, Schmidt-Trucksass A (2019) In athletes, the diurnal variations in maximum oxygen uptake are more than twice as large as the day-to-day variations. Front Physiol 10:219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2019.00219","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5295_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e31806010f5","volume":"39","author":"PB Laursen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Laursen PB, Francis GT, Abbiss CR, Newton MJ, Nosaka K (2007) Reliability of time-to-exhaustion versus time-trial running tests in runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39(8):1374\u20131379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/mss.0b013e31806010f5","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"1","key":"5295_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.147629","volume":"586","author":"BD Levine","year":"2008","unstructured":"Levine BD (2008) VO2max: what do we know, and what do we still need to know? J Physiol 586(1):25\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.147629","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5295_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"02015","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00265.2015","volume":"00265","author":"J Lopez-Barneo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lopez-Barneo J, Gonzalez-Rodriguez P, Gao L, Fernandez-Aguera MC, Pardal R, Ortega-Saenz P (2016) Oxygen sensing by the carotid body: mechanisms and role in adaptation to hypoxia. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 00265:02015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00265.2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5295_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2010.126","volume":"31","author":"OP Mathew","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mathew OP (2011) Apnea of prematurity: pathogenesis and management strategies. J Perinatol 31(5):302\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jp.2010.126","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5295_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0451","volume":"17","author":"AKA McKay","year":"2022","unstructured":"McKay AKA, Stellingwerff T, Smith ES, Martin DT, Mujika I, Goosey-Tolfrey VL, Sheppard J, Burke LM (2022) Defining training and performance caliber: a participant classification framework. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 17(2):317\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0451","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"issue":"2","key":"5295_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C246","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00269.2018","volume":"316","author":"D Neyroud","year":"2019","unstructured":"Neyroud D, Cheng AJ, Donnelly C, Bourdillon N, Gassner A-L, Geiser L, Rudaz S, Kayser B, Westerblad H, Place N (2019) Toxic doses of caffeine are needed to increase skeletal muscle contractility. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 316(2):C246\u2013C251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00269.2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5295_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesf.2012.04.008","volume":"10","author":"G Olcina","year":"2012","unstructured":"Olcina G, Munoz D, Kemp J, Timon R, Maynar J, Caballero MJ, Maynar M (2012) Total plasma fatty acid responses to maximal incremental exercise after caffeine ingestion. J Exerc Sci Fit 10(1):33\u201337","journal-title":"J Exerc Sci Fit"},{"issue":"11","key":"5295_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31829a6672","volume":"45","author":"JG Pallares","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pallares JG, Fernandez-Elias VE, Ortega JF, Munoz G, Munoz-Guerra J, Mora-Rodriguez R (2013) Neuromuscular responses to incremental caffeine doses: performance and side effects. Med Sci Sports Exerc 45(11):2184\u20132192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31829a6672","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"4","key":"5295_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-972996","volume":"16","author":"WJ Pasman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pasman WJ, van Baak MA, Jeukendrup AE, de Haan A (1995) The effect of different dosages of caffeine on endurance performance time. Int J Sports Med 16(4):225\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2007-972996","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"5295_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.4.1535","volume":"91","author":"CJ Plaskett","year":"2001","unstructured":"Plaskett CJ, Cafarelli E (2001) Caffeine increases endurance and attenuates force sensation during submaximal isometric contractions. J Appl Physiol 91(4):1535\u20131544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.4.1535","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5295_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(00)00174-2","volume":"123","author":"A Rice","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rice A, Scroop G, Thornton A, McNaughton N, Rogers K, Chapman M, Greville H, Scicchitano R, Gore C (2000) Arterial hypoxaemia in endurance athletes is greater during running than cycling. Respir Physiol 123(3):235\u2013246","journal-title":"Respir Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5295_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1977.43.6.1019","volume":"43","author":"SA Sahn","year":"1977","unstructured":"Sahn SA, Zwillich CW, Dick N, McCullough RE, Lakshminarayan S, Weil JV (1977) Variability of ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia. J Appl Physiol 43(6):1019\u20131025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1977.43.6.1019","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5295_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.10.031","volume":"338","author":"J Sawynok","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sawynok J (2016) Adenosine receptor targets for pain. Neuroscience 338:1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.10.031","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"8","key":"5295_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e72025","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072025","volume":"8","author":"MD Silva-Cavalcante","year":"2013","unstructured":"Silva-Cavalcante MD, Correia-Oliveira CR, Santos RA, Lopes-Silva JP, Lima HM, Bertuzzi R, Duarte M, Bishop DJ, Lima-Silva AE (2013) Caffeine increases anaerobic work and restores cycling performance following a protocol designed to lower endogenous carbohydrate availability. PLoS ONE 8(8):e72025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0072025","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5295_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silveira R, Andrade-Souza VA, Arcoverde L, Tomazini F, Sansonio A, Bishop DJ, Bertuzzi R, Lima-Silva AE (2017) Caffeine increases work done above critical power, but not anaerobic work. Med Sci Sports Exerc","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001408"},{"issue":"1","key":"5295_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-016-3496-6","volume":"117","author":"BP Smirmaul","year":"2017","unstructured":"Smirmaul BP, de Moraes AC, Angius L, Marcora SM (2017) Effects of caffeine on neuromuscular fatigue and performance during high-intensity cycling exercise in moderate hypoxia. Eur J Appl Physiol 117(1):27\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-016-3496-6","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5295_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.3.1003","volume":"60","author":"CA Smith","year":"1986","unstructured":"Smith CA, Bisgard GE, Nielsen AM, Daristotle L, Kressin NA, Forster HV, Dempsey JA (1986) Carotid bodies are required for ventilatory acclimatization to chronic hypoxia. J Appl Physiol 60(3):1003\u20131010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.3.1003","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5295_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E891","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1992.262.6.E891","volume":"262","author":"L Spriet","year":"1992","unstructured":"Spriet L, MacLean D, Dyck D, Hultman E, Cederblad G, Graham T (1992) Caffeine ingestion and muscle metabolism during prolonged exercise in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 262(6):E891\u2013E898","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"5295_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182967948","volume":"45","author":"HK Stadheim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stadheim HK, Kvamme B, Olsen R, Drevon CA, Ivy JL, Jensen J (2013) Caffeine increases performance in cross-country double-poling time trial exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 45(11):2175\u20132183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182967948","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"12","key":"5295_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00509.2015","volume":"119","author":"HK Stadheim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stadheim HK, Nossum EM, Olsen R, Spencer M, Jensen J (2015) Caffeine improves performance in double poling during acute exposure to 2,000-m altitude. J Appl Physiol 119(12):1501\u20131509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00509.2015","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5295_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stadheim HK, Stensrud T, Brage S, Jensen J (2021) Caffeine increases exercise performance, maximal oxygen uptake, and oxygen deficit in elite male endurance athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002704"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00421-023-05295-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00421-023-05295-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00421-023-05295-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]],"date-time":"2024-02-10T03:07:49Z","timestamp":1707534469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00421-023-05295-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["5295"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-023-05295-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1439-6319","1439-6327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1439-6319","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-6327","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 May 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 August 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 August 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There are no conflicts of interest in the present study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}