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Exceeding a certain exercise frequency and duration has been associated with negative effects. Our study investigated the effects of excessive PA with a marathon run (MA) and regular PA (training and recovery phases) on electrocortical activity, as measured by electroencephalography (EEG). Thirty healthy marathon runners (26 male, 45\u2009\u00b1\u20099 yrs) were enrolled in the study. Four resting-state 32 channel EEG recordings were conducted: 12\u20138\u00a0weeks before MA (T-1), 14\u20134\u00a0days prior to MA (T0), 1\u20136\u00a0days after (T2), and 13\u201315\u00a0weeks after MA (T3). Power spectrum analyses were conducted using standardized Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (sLORETA) and included the following frequency bands: delta (1.5\u20136\u00a0Hz), theta (6.5\u20138.0\u00a0Hz), alpha1 (8.5\u201310\u00a0Hz), alpha2 (10.5\u201312.0\u00a0Hz), beta1 (12.5\u201318.0\u00a0Hz), beta2 (18.5\u201321.0\u00a0Hz), beta3 (21.5\u201330.0\u00a0Hz), and total power (1.5-30\u00a0Hz). Statistical nonparametric mapping showed reduced power both in the alpha-2 (log-F ratio\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u00a00.705, threshold log-F ratio\u2009=\u2009\u2009\u00b1\u20090.685,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and in the delta frequency band (log-F ratio\u2009=\u2009\u22120.699, threshold log-F ratio\u2009=\u2009\u2009\u00b1\u20090.685,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in frontal cortical areas after MA (T2 vs. T0). These effects diminished at long-term follow-up (T3). The results can be interpreted as correlates for subacute neuroplasticity induced by strenuous and prolonged PA. Although previous studies reported an increase in alpha frequency during and directly postexercise, the adverse observation a few days after exercise cessation suggests counterregulatory mechanisms, whose complex origin can be suspected in subcortical circuits, changes in neurotransmitter systems and modulation of affectivity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-023-05356-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T03:02:45Z","timestamp":1701226965000},"page":"1311-1321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The influence of marathon running on resting-state EEG activity: a longitudinal observational study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"124","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0157-6197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Moussiopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Pross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Handrack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Keeser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Pogarell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Halle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Falkai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Scherr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alkomiet","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Roeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"5356_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2018.1551894","volume":"129","author":"I Amjad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amjad I, Toor H, Niazi IK, Afzal H, Jochumsen M, Shafique M, Ahmed T (2019) Therapeutic effects of aerobic exercise on EEG parameters and higher cognitive functions in mild cognitive impairment patients. 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AH received paid speakership from Otsuka, Lundbeck, Recordati and Janssen and was a member of the advisory boards of these companies and for Rovi. He is a publisher of the German and WFSBP schizophrenia guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in compliance with Good Clinical Practice guidelines, the guiding principles of the Declaration of Helsinki 2008 and local laws and regulations. Our study was reviewed and approved by the ethics committees of the Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich Ethics committee (approval reference number 17\u2013148) and the Technical University Munich (approval reference number 218\/17 S). The participants provided written informed consent to participate in this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":".","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Trial registration"}}]}}