{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T02:31:05Z","timestamp":1792895465233,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703203200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Appl Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Soccer substitutes are exposed to periods of limited activity before entering match-play, likely negating benefits of active warm-ups. This study aimed to determine the effects of using a passive heat intervention following a pre-match, and half-time warm-up, on muscle and core temperature in soccer players during ambient (18\u00a0\u00b0C) and cold (2\u00a0\u00b0C) conditions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>On four occasions, 8 male players, completed a pre-match warm-up, followed by 45\u00a0min of rest. Following this, participants completed a half-time re-warm-up followed by an additional 45\u00a0min of rest, simulating a full match for an unplaying substitute. During periods of rest, participants wore either standardised tracksuit bottoms (CON), or heated trousers (HEAT), over typical soccer attire.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Vastus lateralis temperature declined less in HEAT compared to CON following the 1st half in 2\u00a0\u00b0C (\u0394\u2009\u2212\u20094.39\u2009\u00b1\u20090.81 vs.\u2009\u2212\u20096.21\u2009\u00b1\u20091.32\u00a0\u00b0C, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) and 18\u00a0\u00b0C (\u0394\u2009\u2212\u20092.48\u2009\u00b1\u20090.71 vs.\u2009\u2212\u20093.54\u2009\u00b1\u20090.88\u00a0\u00b0C, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003). These findings were also observed in the 2nd half for the 2\u00a0\u00b0C (\u0394\u2009\u2212\u20094.36\u2009\u00b1\u20091.03 vs.\u2009\u2212\u20096.26\u2009\u00b1\u20091.04\u00a0\u00b0C, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) and 18\u00a0\u00b0C (\u0394\u2009\u2212\u20092.85\u2009\u00b1\u20090.57 vs.\u2009\u2212\u20094.06\u2009\u00b1\u20091\u00a0\u00b0C, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.018) conditions. In addition, core temperature declined less in HEAT compared to CON following the 1st (\u0394\u2009\u2212\u20090.41\u2009\u00b1\u20090.25 vs.\u2009\u2212\u20090.84\u2009\u00b1\u20090.41\u00a0\u00b0C, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.037) and 2nd (\u0394\u2009\u2212\u20090.25\u2009\u00b1\u20090.33 vs.\u2009\u2212\u20090.64\u2009\u00b1\u20090.34\u00a0\u00b0C, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028) halves of passive rest in 2\u00a0\u00b0C, with no differences in the 18\u00a0\u00b0C condition. Perceptual data confirmed that participants were more comfortable in HEAT vs. CON in 2\u00a0\u00b0C (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Following active warm-ups, heated trousers attenuate the decline in muscle temperature in ambient and cold environments.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-023-05381-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T05:09:08Z","timestamp":1703221748000},"page":"1499-1508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Physiological mechanisms associated with the use of a passive heat intervention: positive implications for soccer substitutes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"124","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2638-2521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gavin","family":"Cowper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Goodall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsty M.","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Burnie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai T.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashleigh","family":"Keenan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"De Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc A.","family":"Briggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5381_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1945.tb00287.x","volume":"10","author":"E Asmussen","year":"1945","unstructured":"Asmussen E, B\u00f8je O (1945) Body temperature and capacity for work. 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