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Therefore, aging divers with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions may be at risk of acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, or arrhythmias while diving. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a single decompression CCR dive in arctic cold water on cardiac function in Finnish technical divers.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Thirty-nine divers performed one identical 45 mfw CCR dive in 2\u20134\u00a0\u00b0C water. Hydration and cardiac functions were assessed before and after the dive. Detection of venous gas embolization was performed within 120\u00a0min after the dive.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The divers were affected by both cold-water-induced hemodynamic changes and immersion-related fluid loss. Both systolic and diastolic functions were impaired after the dive although the changes in cardiac functions were subtle. Venous inert gas bubbles were detected in all divers except for one. Venous gas embolism did not affect systolic or diastolic function.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A single trimix CCR dive in arctic cold water seemed to debilitate both systolic and diastolic function. Although the changes were subtle, they appeared parallel over several parameters. This indicates a real post-dive deterioration in cardiac function instead of only volume-dependent changes. These changes are without a clinical significance in healthy divers. However, in a population with pre-existing or underlying heart problems, such changes may provoke symptomatic problems during or after the dive.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-023-05392-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T10:02:53Z","timestamp":1704708173000},"page":"1693-1702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The effect of a single closed-circuit rebreather decompression dive in extremely cold water to cardiac function"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"124","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0826-4679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura J.","family":"Tuominen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suvi","family":"Tuohinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard V.","family":"Lundell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne K.","family":"R\u00e4is\u00e4nen-Sokolowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomi","family":"Wuorimaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"5392_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1113\/EP087718","volume":"104","author":"BK Alba","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alba BK, Castellani JW, Charkoudian N (2019) Cold-induced cutaneous vasoconstriction in humans: function, dysfunction and the distinctly counterproductive. 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