{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T04:01:40Z","timestamp":1774929700890,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]],"date-time":"2024-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]],"date-time":"2024-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Appl Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise is safe and beneficial in atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary heart disease (CHD). Irregular or rapid heart rates (HR) in AF and other heart conditions create a challenge to using HR to monitor exercise intensity. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of breathing frequency (BF) to monitor exercise intensity in people with AF and CHD without AF.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This observational study included 30 AF participants (19 Male, 70.7\u2009\u00b1\u20098.7 yrs) and 67 non-AF CHD participants (38 Male, 56.9\u2009\u00b1\u200911.4 yrs). All performed an incremental maximal exercise test with pulmonary gas exchange.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Peak aerobic power in AF (<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$${\\dot{\\text{V}}}$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                    <mml:mover>\n                      <mml:mtext>V<\/mml:mtext>\n                      <mml:mo>\u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n                    <\/mml:mover>\n                  <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>peak; 17.8\u2009\u00b1\u20095.0\u00a0ml.kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>.min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) was lower than in CHD (26.7\u00a0ml.kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>.min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). BF\u00a0responses in AF and CHD were similar (BF peak:\u00a0AF\u00a034.6\u2009\u00b1\u20095.4 and CHD\u00a036.5\u2009\u00b1\u20095.0 breaths.min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.106);\u00a0at the 1st ventilatory threshold (BF@VT-1: AF 23.2\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6; CHD 22.4\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6 breaths.min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.240). %<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$${\\dot{\\text{V}}}$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                    <mml:mover>\n                      <mml:mtext>V<\/mml:mtext>\n                      <mml:mo>\u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n                    <\/mml:mover>\n                  <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>peak at VT-1\u00a0were similar in\u00a0AF and CHD (AF: 59%; CHD: 57%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.656).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>With the use of wearable technologies on the rise, that now include BF, this first study provides an encouraging potential for BF to be used in AF and CHD. As the supporting data are based on incremental ramp protocol results, further research is required to assess BF validity to manage exercise intensity during longer bouts of exercise.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-024-05487-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]],"date-time":"2024-05-04T06:01:26Z","timestamp":1714802486000},"page":"2881-2891","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Is breathing frequency a potential means for monitoring exercise intensity in people with atrial fibrillation and coronary heart disease when heart rate is mitigated?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"124","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6235-3395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John P.","family":"Buckley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tasuku","family":"Terada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Lion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"47","key":"5487_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3624","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht188","volume":"34","author":"K Andersen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Andersen K, Farahmand B, Ahlbom A, Held C, Ljunghall S, Michaelsson K et al (2013) Risk of arrhythmias in 52 755 long-distance cross-country skiers: a cohort study. Eur Heart J 34(47):3624\u20133631","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"9","key":"5487_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14007","volume":"31","author":"F Anselmi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Anselmi F, Cavigli L, Pagliaro A, Valente S, Valentini F, Cameli M et al (2021) The importance of ventilatory thresholds to define aerobic exercise intensity in cardiac patients and healthy subjects. Scand J Med Sci Sports 31(9):1796\u20131808","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"6","key":"5487_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.914788","volume":"123","author":"R Arena","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arena R, Sietsema KE (2011) Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in the clinical evaluation of patients with heart and lung disease. Circulation 123(6):668\u2013680","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"5487_CR4","unstructured":"Astrand PO, Rodahl K, Dahl H, Stromme SB (2003) Textbook of work physiology; physiological bases of exercise. 4th ed. Champaign Illinois: Human Kinetics."},{"issue":"4","key":"5487_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2006.12.020","volume":"153","author":"JE Atwood","year":"2007","unstructured":"Atwood JE, Myers JN, Tang XC, Reda DJ, Singh SN, Singh BN (2007) Exercise capacity in atrial fibrillation: a substudy of the sotalol-amiodarone atrial fibrillation efficacy trial (SAFE-T). Am Heart J 153(4):566\u2013572","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"5487_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3181e52e69","volume":"122","author":"GJ Balady","year":"2010","unstructured":"Balady GJ, Arena R, Sietsema K, Myers J, Coke L, Fletcher GF et al (2010) Clinician\u2019s Guide to cardiopulmonary exercise testing in adults: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 122(2):191\u2013225","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"5487_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.6.2020","author":"WL Beaver","year":"1985","unstructured":"Beaver WL, Wasserman K, Whipp BJ (1985) A new method for detecting anaerobic threshold by gas exchange. J Appl Physiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.6.2020","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5487_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/46.4.293","volume":"46","author":"HJ Bogaard","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bogaard HJ, Woltjer HH, van Keimpema AR, Serra RA, Postmus PE, de Vries PM (1996) Comparison of the respiratory and hemodynamic responses of healthy subjects to exercise in three different protocols. Occup Med 46(4):293\u2013298","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"key":"5487_CR9","volume-title":"Borg's perceived exertion and pain scales","author":"G Borg","year":"1998","unstructured":"Borg G (1998) Borg\u2019s perceived exertion and pain scales. Human Kinetics, Champaign, Illinois"},{"issue":"12","key":"5487_CR10","first-page":"1061","volume":"61","author":"NJ Bosomworth","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bosomworth NJ (2015) Atrial fibrillation and physical activity: should we exercise caution? Can Fam Physician 61(12):1061\u20131070","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"5487_CR11","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Exercise Leadership in Cardiac Rehabilittion, an evidenced-based approach","author":"JP Buckley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Buckley JP (2006) Exercise physiology and monitoring of exercise in cardiac rehabilitation. In: Thow MK (ed) Exercise Leadership in Cardiac Rehabilittion, an evidenced-based approach, 1st edn. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, pp 47\u201395","edition":"1"},{"issue":"4","key":"5487_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130802707691","volume":"52","author":"JP Buckley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Buckley JP, Sim J, Eston RG (2009) Reproducibility of ratings of perceived exertion soon after myocardial infarction: responses in the stress-testing clinic and the rehabilitation gymnasium. Ergonomics 52(4):421\u2013427","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"4","key":"5487_CR13","first-page":"482","volume":"4","author":"DG Carey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Carey DG, Schwarz LA, Pliego GJ, Raymond RL (2005) Respiratory rate is a valid and reliable marker for the anaerobic threshold: implications for measuring change in fitness. J Sports Sci Med 4(4):482\u2013488","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"5487_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1080\/026404102320761787","volume":"20","author":"MJ Chen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chen MJ, Fan X, Moe ST (2002) Criterion-related validity of the borg ratings of perceived exertion scale in healthy individuals: a meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 20(11):873\u2013899","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"5487_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21041184","author":"IQ Chung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chung IQ, Yu JT, Hu WC (2021) Estimating heart rate and respiratory rate from a single lead electrocardiogram using ensemble empirical mode decomposition and spectral data fusion. Sensors (basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21041184","journal-title":"Sensors (basel)"},{"issue":"18","key":"5487_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.16405","volume":"316","author":"JA Clayton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Clayton JA, Tannenbaum C (2016) Reporting sex, gender, or both in clinical research? JAMA 316(18):1863\u20131864","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"5487_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1986.sp015951","volume":"370","author":"AR Cummin","year":"1986","unstructured":"Cummin AR, Iyawe VI, Mehta N, Saunders KB (1986) Ventilation and cardiac output during the onset of exercise, and during voluntary hyperventilation, in humans. J Physiol 370:567\u2013583","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5487_CR18","first-page":"704","volume":"43","author":"LB Diamond","year":"1977","unstructured":"Diamond LB, Casaburi R, Wasserman K, Whipp BJ (1977) Kinetics of gas exchange and ventilation in transitions from rest or prior exercise. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 43(4):704\u2013708","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"5487_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2020.11.007","volume":"30","author":"AD Elliott","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elliott AD, Verdicchio CV, Gallagher C, Linz D, Mahajan R, Mishima R et al (2021) Factors contributing to exercise intolerance in patients with atrial fibrillation. Heart Lung Circ 30(7):947\u2013954","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"issue":"3","key":"5487_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt.2019.04.08","volume":"9","author":"M Etiwy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Etiwy M, Akhrass Z, Gillinov L, Alashi A, Wang R, Blackburn G et al (2019) Accuracy of wearable heart rate monitors in cardiac rehabilitation. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 9(3):262\u2013271","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diagn Ther"},{"key":"5487_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2020-318179","author":"S Gati","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gati S, Drezner J, Sharma S (2020) Highlights from the 2020 ESC guidelines on sport cardiology: practical management for safe sports and exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease. Heart. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/heartjnl-2020-318179","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"10","key":"5487_CR22","first-page":"14","volume":"30","author":"MD Hoffmann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hoffmann MD, Colley RC, Doyon CY, Wong SL, Tomkinson GR, Lang JJ (2019) Normative-referenced percentile values for physical fitness among Canadians. Health Rep 30(10):14\u201322","journal-title":"Health Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"5487_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002147","volume":"52","author":"D Iannetta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Iannetta D, Inglis EC, Mattu AT, Fontana FY, Pogliaghi S, Keir DA et al (2020) A Critical evaluation of current methods for exercise prescription in women and men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 52(2):466\u2013473","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"6","key":"5487_CR38","first-page":"497","volume":"34","author":"JH Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim JH, Roberge R, Powell JB, Shafer AB, Jon WW (2013) Measurement accuracy of heart rate and respiratory rate during graded exercise and sustained exercise in the heat using the Zephyr BioHarness. Int J Sports Med 34(6):497\u2013501","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"5487_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00945.2020","author":"S Kipp","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kipp S, Leahy MG, Hanna JA, Sheel AW (1985) Partitioning the work of breathing during running and cycling using optoelectronic plethysmography. J Appl Physiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00945.2020","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5487_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2019.2923587","volume":"67","author":"S Kontaxis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kontaxis S, Lazaro J, Corino VDA, Sandberg F, Bailon R, Laguna P et al (2020) ECG-derived respiratory rate in atrial fibrillation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 67(3):905\u2013914","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"5487_CR40","first-page":"5282","volume":"2018","author":"J Lazaro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lazaro J, Kontaxis S, Bailon R, Laguna P, Gil E (2018) Respiratory rate derived from pulse photoplethysmographic signal by pulse decomposition analysis. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2018:5282\u20135285","journal-title":"Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"5487_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.06.074","volume":"158","author":"H Lewthwaite","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lewthwaite H, Benedetti A, Stickland MK, Bourbeau J, Guenette JA, Maltais F et al (2020) Normative peak cardiopulmonary exercise test responses in canadian adults aged \u226540 years. Chest 158(6):2532\u20132545","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"5487_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16016","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.16","volume":"2","author":"GY Lip","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lip GY, Fauchier L, Freedman SB, Van Gelder I, Natale A, Gianni C et al (2016) Atrial fibrillation. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2:16016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"5487_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19122758","author":"C Massaroni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Massaroni C, Lo Presti D, Formica D, Silvestri S, Schena E (2019a) Non-contact monitoring of breathing pattern and respiratory Rate via RGB signal measurement. Sensors (basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19122758","journal-title":"Sensors (basel)"},{"key":"5487_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19040908","author":"C Massaroni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Massaroni C, Nicolo A, Lo Presti D, Sacchetti M, Silvestri S, Schena E (2019b) Contact-based methods for measuring respiratory rate. Sensors. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19040908","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"9","key":"5487_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319878958","volume":"27","author":"VM Mehra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mehra VM, Gaalema DE, Pakosh M, Grace SL (2020) Systematic review of cardiac rehabilitation guidelines: quality and scope. Eur J Prev Cardiol 27(9):912\u2013928","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5487_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487312460484","volume":"20","author":"A Mezzani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mezzani A, Hamm LF, Jones AM, McBride PE, Moholdt T, Stone JA et al (2013) Aerobic exercise intensity assessment and prescription in cardiac rehabilitation: a joint position statement of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Canadian Association of Cardiac Rehabilitation. Eur J Prev Cardiol 20(3):442\u2013467","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5487_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2023-001601","volume":"9","author":"J Milani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Milani J, Milani M, Cipriano GFB, Hansen D, Cipriano JG (2023) Exercise intensity domains determined by heart rate at the ventilatory thresholds in patients with cardiovascular disease: new insights and comparisons to cardiovascular rehabilitation prescription recommendations. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 9(3):e001601","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"5487_CR26","first-page":"195","volume":"14","author":"CA Morillo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Morillo CA, Banerjee A, Perel P, Wood D, Jouven X (2017) Atrial fibrillation: the current epidemic. J Geriatr Cardiol 14(3):195\u2013203","journal-title":"J Geriatr Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"5487_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.08.022","volume":"91","author":"DP Morin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Morin DP, Bernard ML, Madias C, Rogers PA, Thihalolipavan S, Estes NA 3rd (2016) The state of the art: atrial fibrillation epidemiology, prevention, and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc 91(12):1778\u20131810","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"5487_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2021-001624","author":"B Morseth","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morseth B, Geelhoed B, Linneberg A, Johansson L, Kuulasmaa K, Salomaa V et al (2021) Age-specific atrial fibrillation incidence, attributable risk factors and risk of stroke and mortality: results from the MORGAM consortium. Open Heart. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/openhrt-2021-001624","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"issue":"8","key":"5487_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.785626","volume":"118","author":"D Mozaffarian","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mozaffarian D, Furberg CD, Psaty BM, Siscovick D (2008) Physical activity and incidence of atrial fibrillation in older adults: the cardiovascular health study. Circulation 118(8):800\u2013807","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"21","key":"5487_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-103994","volume":"55","author":"W Newman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Newman W, Parry-Williams G, Wiles J, Edwards J, Hulbert S, Kipourou K et al (2021) Risk of atrial fibrillation in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 55(21):1233\u20131238","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"5487_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00922","volume":"8","author":"A Nicolo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nicolo A, Massaroni C, Passfield L (2017) Respiratory frequency during exercise: the neglected physiological measure. Front Physiol 8:922","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"5487_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20216396","author":"A Nicolo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nicolo A, Massaroni C, Schena E, Sacchetti M (2020) The importance of respiratory rate monitoring: from healthcare to sport and exercise. Sensors. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20216396","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"3","key":"5487_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.10.013","volume":"119","author":"S Nusair","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nusair S (2017) Interpreting the incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test. Am J Cardiol 119(3):497\u2013500","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"5487_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0885-5","author":"N Pattyn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pattyn N, Beulque R, Cornelissen V (2018) Aerobic interval vs. continuous training in patients with coronary artery disease or heart failure: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis with a focus on secondary outcomes. Sports Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-018-0885-5","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"5487_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1515\/bmt-2016-0057","volume":"61","author":"MM Platisa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Platisa MM, Bojic T, Pavlovic SU, Radovanovic NN, Kalauzi A (2016) Uncoupling of cardiac and respiratory rhythm in atrial fibrillation. Biomed Tech (berl) 61(6):657\u2013663","journal-title":"Biomed Tech (berl)"},{"issue":"12","key":"5487_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2013.09.020","volume":"29","author":"JL Reed","year":"2013","unstructured":"Reed JL, Mark AE, Reid RD, Pipe AL (2013) The effects of chronic exercise training in individuals with permanent atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Can J Cardiol 29(12):1721\u20131728","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"10 Suppl 2","key":"5487_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.07.014","volume":"34","author":"JL Reed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reed JL, Terada T, Chirico D, Prince SA, Pipe AL (2018) The effects of cardiac rehabilitation in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Can J Cardiol 34(10 Suppl 2):S284\u2013S295","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"5487_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01517","volume":"10","author":"JL Reed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reed JL, Cotie LM, Cole CA, Harris J, Moran B, Scott K et al (2019) Submaximal exercise testing in cardiovascular rehabilitation settings (BEST Study). Front Physiol 10:1517","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"5487_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.39380","volume":"5","author":"JL Reed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reed JL, Terada T, Vidal-Almela S, Tulloch HE, Mistura M, Birnie DH et al (2022) Effect of high-intensity interval training in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open 5(10):e2239380","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"5487_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00347-2016","volume":"48","author":"MA Roman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roman MA, Rossiter HB, Casaburi R (2016) Exercise, ageing and the lung. Eur Respir J 48(5):1471\u20131486","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"2","key":"5487_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2018-000880","volume":"5","author":"NA Smart","year":"2018","unstructured":"Smart NA, King N, Lambert JD, Pearson MJ, Campbell JL, Risom SS et al (2018) Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation improves exercise capacity and health-related quality of life in people with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and non-randomised trials. Open Heart 5(2):e000880","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"5487_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120109","volume":"287","author":"A Souissi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Souissi A, Haddad M, Dergaa I, Ben Saad H, Chamari K (2021) A new perspective on cardiovascular drift during prolonged exercise. Life Sci 287:120109","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"5487_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201309-1634ST","volume":"188","author":"MA Spruit","year":"2013","unstructured":"Spruit MA, Singh SJ, Garvey C, ZuWallack R, Nici L, Rochester C et al (2013) An official American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society statement: key concepts and advances in pulmonary rehabilitation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 188(8):e13-64","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"5487_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(93)90732-O","volume":"126","author":"K Ueshima","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ueshima K, Myers J, Morris CK, Atwood JE, Kawaguchi T, Froelicher VF (1993) The effect of cardioversion on exercise capacity in patients with atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J 126(4):1021\u20131024","journal-title":"Am Heart J"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00421-024-05487-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00421-024-05487-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00421-024-05487-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T00:02:14Z","timestamp":1728604934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00421-024-05487-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["5487"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-024-05487-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1439-6319","1439-6327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1439-6319","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-6327","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"JP Buckley has been supported by institution level funding only and has no conflicts of interest. T Terada has been supported by institution level funding only and has no conflicts of interest. A Lion has been supported by institution level funding only and has no conflicts of interest. JL Reed has been supported by: Innovations Fund of the Alternate Funding Plan for the Academic Health Sciences Centre of the Ministry of Ontario, Canada; New Investigator Award in Clinical Rehabilitation from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research; Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada Emerging Research Leaders Initiative and has no other conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}