{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T22:57:32Z","timestamp":1776121052439,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724716800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Appl Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-024-05587-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T17:02:36Z","timestamp":1724778156000},"page":"61-69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Energy cost of running uphill as compared to running on the level with impeding horizontal forces"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"125","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6157-1443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Osgnach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Koren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo\u0161tjan","family":"\u0160imuni\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"U\u0161aj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pietro Enrico","family":"di Prampero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5587_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-002-0587-3","volume":"87","author":"LM Arsac","year":"2002","unstructured":"Arsac LM (2002) Effects of altitude on the energetics of human best performances in 100-m running: a theoretical analysis. Eur J Appl Physiol 87(1):78\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-002-0587-3","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5587_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00754.2001","volume":"92","author":"LM Arsac","year":"2002","unstructured":"Arsac LM, Locatelli E (2002) Modeling the energetics of 100-m running by using speed curves of world champions. J Appl Physiol 92(5):1781\u20131788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00754.2001","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5587_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1971.sp009595","volume":"217","author":"GA Cavagna","year":"1971","unstructured":"Cavagna GA, Komarek L, Mazzoleni S (1971) The mechanics of sprint running. J Physiol 217(3):709\u2013721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1971.sp009595","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5587_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-019-04251-1","volume":"120","author":"AH Dewolf","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dewolf AH, Ivanenko YP, Mesquita RM, Lacquaniti F, Willems PA (2020) Neuromechanical adjustments when walking with an aiding or hindering horizontal force. Eur J Appl Physiol 120(1):91\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-019-04251-1","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5587_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/bfb0035266","volume":"89","author":"PE di Prampero","year":"1981","unstructured":"di Prampero PE (1981) Energetics of muscular exercise. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharamcol 89:143\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bfb0035266","journal-title":"Rev Physiol Biochem Pharamcol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5587_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1025736","volume":"7","author":"PE di Prampero","year":"1986","unstructured":"di Prampero PE (1986) The energy cost of human locomotion on land and in water. Int J Sports Med 7(2):55\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2008-1025736","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"5587_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/s0034-5687(99)00083-3","volume":"118","author":"PE di Prampero","year":"1999","unstructured":"di Prampero PE, Ferretti G (1999) The energetics of anaerobic muscle metabolism: a reappraisal of older and recent concepts. Respir Physiol 118(2\u20133):103\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0034-5687(99)00083-3","journal-title":"Respir Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5587_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0592-7660","volume":"39","author":"PE di Prampero","year":"2018","unstructured":"di Prampero PE, Osgnach C (2018) Metabolic power in team sport - Part 1: an update. Int J Sports Med 39(8):581\u2013587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-0592-7660","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"5587_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2318","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1993.74.5.2318","volume":"74","author":"PE di Prampero","year":"1993","unstructured":"di Prampero PE, Capelli C, Pagliaro P, Antonutto G, Girardis M, Zamparo P, Soule RG (1993) Energetics of best performances in middle-distance running. J Appl Physiol 74(5):2318\u20132324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1993.74.5.2318","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"14","key":"5587_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01700","volume":"208","author":"PE di Prampero","year":"2005","unstructured":"di Prampero PE, Fusi S, Sepulcri L, Morin JB, Belli A, Antonutto G (2005) Sprint running: a new energetic approach. J Exp Biol 208(14):2809\u20132816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.01700","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5587_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-014-3086-4","volume":"115","author":"PE di Prampero","year":"2015","unstructured":"di Prampero PE, Botter A, Osgnach C (2015) The energy cost of sprint running and the role of metabolic power in setting top performances. Eur J Appl Physiol 115(3):451\u2013469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-014-3086-4","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"5587_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-023-05236-x","volume":"123","author":"PE di Prampero","year":"2023","unstructured":"di Prampero PE, Osgnach C, Morin JB, Zamparo P, Pavei G (2023) Mechanical and Metabolic Power in Accelerated Running - Part I: the 100-m dash. Eur J Appl Physiol 123(11):2473\u20132481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-023-05236-x","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5587_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1930.92.3.583","volume":"92","author":"WO Fenn","year":"1930","unstructured":"Fenn WO (1930a) Frictional and kinetic factors in the work of sprint running. Am J Physiol 92(3):583\u2013611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1930.92.3.583","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5587_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1930.93.2.433","volume":"93","author":"WO Fenn","year":"1930","unstructured":"Fenn WO (1930b) Work against gravity and work due to velocity changes in running. Am J Physiol 93(2):433\u2013462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplegacy.1930.93.2.433","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5587_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-015-3115-y","volume":"115","author":"JR Lacour","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lacour JR, Bourdin M (2015) Factors affecting the energy cost of level running at submaximal speed. Eur J Appl Physiol 115(4):651\u2013673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-015-3115-y","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5587_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1972.sp009851","volume":"223","author":"BB Lloyd","year":"1972","unstructured":"Lloyd BB, Zacks RM (1972) The mechanical efficiency of treadmill running against a horizontal impeding force. J Physiol 223(2):355\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1972.sp009851","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5587_CR17","unstructured":"Margaria R (1938) Sulla fisiologia e specialmente sul consumo energetico della marcia e della corsa a varia velocit\u00e0 ed inclinazione del terreno. Atti Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei 7:299\u2013368."},{"key":"5587_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1963.18.2.371","volume":"18","author":"R Margaria","year":"1963","unstructured":"Margaria R, Cerretelli P, di Prampero PE, Massari C, Torelli G (1963a) Kinetics and mechanism of oxygen debt contraction in man. J Appl Physiol 18:371\u2013377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1963.18.2.371","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5587_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1963.18.2.367","volume":"18","author":"R Margaria","year":"1963","unstructured":"Margaria R, Cerretelli P, Aghemo P, Sassi G (1963b) Energy cost of running. J Appl Physiol 18:367\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1963.18.2.367","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5587_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199213060-00002","volume":"13","author":"A Mero","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mero A, Komi PV, Gregor RJ (1992) Biomechanics of sprint running. A Review Sports Med 13(6):376\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-199213060-00002","journal-title":"A Review Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"5587_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-020-04379-5","volume":"120","author":"RM Mesquita","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mesquita RM, Dewolf AH, Catavitello G, Osgnach C, di Prampero PE, Willems PA (2020) The bouncing mechanism of running against hindering or with aiding traction forces: a comparison with running on a slope. Eur J Appl Physiol 120(7):1575\u20131589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-020-04379-5","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"15","key":"5587_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.182303","volume":"221","author":"AE Minetti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Minetti AE, Pavei G (2018) Update and extension of the \u2018equivalent slope\u2019 of speed-changing level locomotion in humans: a computational model for shuttle running. J Exp Biol 221(15):182\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.182303","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5587_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01177.2001","volume":"93","author":"AE Minetti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Minetti AE, Moia C, Roi GS, Susta D, Ferretti G (2002) Energy cost of walking and running at extreme uphill and downhill slopes. J Appl Physiol 93(3):1039\u20131046. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01177.2001","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5587_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0592-7219","volume":"39","author":"C Osgnach","year":"2018","unstructured":"Osgnach C, di Prampero PE (2018) Metabolic power in team sport - Part 2: aerobic and anaerobic energy yield. Int J Sports Med 39(8):588\u2013595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-0592-7219","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5587_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e3181ae5cfd","volume":"42","author":"C Osgnach","year":"2010","unstructured":"Osgnach C, Poser S, Bernardini R, Rinaldo R, di Prampero PE (2010) Energy cost and metabolic power in elite soccer: a new match analysis approach. Med Sci Sports Exerc 42(1):170\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/mss.0b013e3181ae5cfd","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"2","key":"5587_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-023-05286-1","volume":"124","author":"C Osgnach","year":"2023","unstructured":"Osgnach C, di Prampero PE, Zamparo P, Morin JB, Pavei G (2023) Mechanical and Metabolic Power in Accelerated Running - Part II: team sports. Eur J Appl Physiol 124(2):417\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-023-05286-1","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5587_CR27","first-page":"42","volume":"9","author":"A Plamondon","year":"1984","unstructured":"Plamondon A, Roy B (1984) Cin\u00e9matique et cin\u00e9tique de l\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration dans le sprint [Kinematics and kinetics of sprint acceleration]. Can J Appl Sport Sci 9(1):42\u201352","journal-title":"Can J Appl Sport Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5587_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1971.sp009381","volume":"213","author":"LG Pugh","year":"1971","unstructured":"Pugh LG (1971) The influence of wind resistance in running and walking and the mechanical efficiency of work against horizontal or vertical forces. J Physiol 213(2):255\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1971.sp009381","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"5587_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00233857","volume":"63","author":"GJ van Ingen Schenau","year":"1991","unstructured":"van Ingen Schenau GJ, Jacobs R, de Koning JJ (1991) Can cycle power predict sprint running performance? Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 63(3\u20134):255\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00233857","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5587_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199417040-00006","volume":"17","author":"GJ van Ingen Schenau","year":"1994","unstructured":"van Ingen Schenau GJ, de Koning JJ, de Groot G (1994) Optimisation of sprinting performance in running, cycling and speed skating. Sports Med 17(4):259\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-199417040-00006","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"5587_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9290(00)00035-x","volume":"33","author":"AJ Ward-Smith","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ward-Smith AJ, Radford PF (2000) Investigation of the kinetics of anaerobic metabolism by analysis of the performance of elite sprinters. J Biomech 33(8):997\u20131004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0021-9290(00)00035-x","journal-title":"J Biomech"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00421-024-05587-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00421-024-05587-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00421-024-05587-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T15:59:43Z","timestamp":1737388783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00421-024-05587-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["5587"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-024-05587-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1439-6319","1439-6327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1439-6319","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-6327","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 July 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}