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Power output, heart rate, body core temperature and thermal sensation were reported throughout.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The optimal menthol concentration for peak power was between 0.01 and 0.1% (~\u20096% increase, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and 0.5% (~\u20099% increase, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) with respect to control. Work completed was increased at 0.01% (~\u20095%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), at 0.1% (~\u20093%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and had a detrimental effect at 0.5% (\u2212\u200910% decrease, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). There were no differences between an ascending dose protocol (0.01 to 0.5%), descending dose protocol (0.5\u20130.01%) or a constant 0.01% dose protocol. There were no reported differences in body core temperature or heart rate across trials (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The optimal dose of <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>-menthol when delivered via oral rinsing is between 0.01 and 0.1%. At lower concentrations, <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>-menthol appears to be less effective and at higher concentrations (&gt;\u20090.5%) <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>-menthol appears to elicit greater irritation and may not positively modulate thermo-behaviour during exercise in a hot environment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-024-05609-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T11:02:08Z","timestamp":1728126128000},"page":"629-638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Determination of the optimal dose and dosing strategy for effective l-menthol oral rinsing during exercise in hot environments"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"125","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8169-1100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Owen","family":"Jeffries","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Godi","family":"Jibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Barwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Waldron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"5609_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2013.00380.x","volume":"18","author":"HH Andersen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Andersen HH, Olsen RV, Moller HG, Eskelund PW, Gazerani P, Arendt-Nielsen L (2014) A review of topical high-concentration l-menthol as a translational model of cold allodynia and hyperalgesia. 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