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In AMP, femoral blood flow (FBF) and leg vascular conductance (LVC) were measured in the amputated leg (AL) and whole leg (WL), while in Ctrl, the same measurements were obtained in the right and left legs. Interlimb balance was measured with a power meter, and bilateral asymmetry index was calculated for FBF and interlimb balance. Oxygen consumption (<jats:inline-formula>\n                <jats:alternatives>\n                  <jats:tex-math>$$\\dot{V}$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                  <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                    <mml:mover>\n                      <mml:mi>V<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>\u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n                    <\/mml:mover>\n                  <\/mml:math>\n                <\/jats:alternatives>\n              <\/jats:inline-formula> O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), ventilation (<jats:inline-formula>\n                <jats:alternatives>\n                  <jats:tex-math>$${\\dot{V}}_{E}$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                  <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                    <mml:msub>\n                      <mml:mover>\n                        <mml:mi>V<\/mml:mi>\n                        <mml:mo>\u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n                      <\/mml:mover>\n                      <mml:mi>E<\/mml:mi>\n                    <\/mml:msub>\n                  <\/mml:math>\n                <\/jats:alternatives>\n              <\/jats:inline-formula>), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and cardiac output (CO) were also quantified.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>AMP exhibited lower FBF in AL compared to WL (60W, \u2212 61%; 100W, -69%; 80% PPO, \u2212 64%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). LVC increased as expected in WL but did not increase significantly throughout workloads in AL. Interlimb balance exhibited a much higher contribution of the WL (60W, 76% of the work; 100W, 68%; 80% PPO,65%) than AL (60W, 26%; 100W, 34%; 80% PPO, 35%). No differences were found in FBF (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.187), LVC (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.871), and interlimb balance (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.829) in CTRLs. No difference between AMP and CTRL in <jats:inline-formula>\n                <jats:alternatives>\n                  <jats:tex-math>$$V$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                  <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                    <mml:mi>V<\/mml:mi>\n                  <\/mml:math>\n                <\/jats:alternatives>\n              <\/jats:inline-formula> O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.241), <jats:inline-formula>\n                <jats:alternatives>\n                  <jats:tex-math>$${\\dot{V}}_{E}$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                  <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                    <mml:msub>\n                      <mml:mover>\n                        <mml:mi>V<\/mml:mi>\n                        <mml:mo>\u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n                      <\/mml:mover>\n                      <mml:mi>E<\/mml:mi>\n                    <\/mml:msub>\n                  <\/mml:math>\n                <\/jats:alternatives>\n              <\/jats:inline-formula> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.124), MAP (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.186), HR (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.360), and CO (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.144) at any workload was detected.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Individuals with amputation present considerable limb-specific blood flow regulation during bilateral cycling exercise. Understanding the mechanisms for this interlimb difference may provide important information to improve rehabilitation and training in this population.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-025-05715-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T18:54:29Z","timestamp":1739991269000},"page":"1641-1652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Limb-specific blood flow regulation during cycling exercise in traumatic single lower limb amputees"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"125","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8888-619X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Pedrinolla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio Giuseppe","family":"Laginestra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Martignon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Cavedon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Fioraso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Biasiolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Milanese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Schena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"5715_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01008.2007","volume":"104","author":"M Amann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Amann M, Calbet JAL (2008) Convective oxygen transport and fatigue. 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The results of the study are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation. The results of the present study do not constitute endorsement by the American College of Sports Medicine.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}