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This study compared the acute effects of continuous versus intermittent whole-body heating on cardiovascular function markers in males and females.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Twenty healthy participants (25 \u00b1 3\u00a0years; 10 males, 10 females) were exposed to 2 passive heating regimens: continuous heating (CH) for 60\u00a0min and intermittent heating (IH) comprised of 3\u2009\u00d7\u200920-min blocks interspersed by 15-min cooling breaks. Skin perfusion, blood pressure (BP), plasma nitrite, interleukins, body temperature, and thermal perceptual responses were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Greater increases in rectal temperature (T<jats:sub>rec<\/jats:sub>) (CH: 1.2 \u00b1 0.1 \u00b0C; IH: 0.5 \u00b1 0.1 \u00b0C), skin perfusion, systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and plasma nitrite were found in CH compared to IH (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.01), but the thermal perceptual response was more unfavourable during CH (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u20090.01). Females had higher skin perfusion and plasma nitrite concentrations (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.04), but lower brachial and central BP than males in both conditions (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> \u2264\u20090.01). Furthermore, females reached a higher T<jats:sub>rec<\/jats:sub> and more unfavourable thermal perception in CH (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.02).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>More pronounced cardiovascular responses were associated with higher T<jats:sub>rec<\/jats:sub> and discomfort. Females exhibited higher skin perfusion and plasma nitrite concentrations than males and reported less favourable thermal perception in CH, but not in IH.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-025-05718-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T18:15:17Z","timestamp":1739556917000},"page":"1591-1606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The acute effects of continuous and intermittent whole-body passive heating on cardiovascular disease risk indicators in healthy and young males and females"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"125","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3874-995X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunuo","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adela","family":"Martinkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"O\u2019Donnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christof A.","family":"Leicht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"5718_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1258\/EBM.2009.009186","volume":"235","author":"EJ Adkisson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adkisson EJ, Casey DP, Beck DT et al (2010) Central, peripheral and resistance arterial reactivity: fluctuates during the phases of the menstrual cycle. 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