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Reliability was assessed as within-subject typical error, expressed as a coefficient of variation (CV%, [confidence limits]) intraclass correlation (ICC, [confidence limits]), and changes in mean (%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The speed at MTF demonstrated a mean CV (T1\u2013T3) of 1.5% [1.1, 2.6] and an ICC of 0.96 [0.87, 0.99], but a systematic familiarization bias from T1 to T2 (1.2% [0.1, 2.3]) and T2 to T3 (2.2% [0.1, 4.3]). Peak oxygen uptake exhibited a mean CV of 2.2% [1.6, 3.8] and an ICC of 0.93 [0.78, 0.98], with no systematic changes from T1 to T2 (\u2212\u00a00.2% [\u2212\u00a02.0, 1.6]) and T2 to T3 (1.8% [\u2212\u00a01.1, 4.7]). VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      at submaximal load showed a mean CV of 2.1% [1.5, 3.3] and an ICC of 0.94 [0.84,0.99], with no systematic changes from T1 to T2 (\u2212\u00a00.7% [\u2212\u00a02.4, 1.1]) and T2 to T3 (\u2212\u00a00.1% [\u2212\u00a02.4, 2.3]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The relatively low CV and high ICC for most measures suggest a high degree of test\u2013retest reliability. However, the systematic mean changes in MTF indicate that familiarization trials are essential to provide valuable information about individual changes. Overall, these reliability measures can be used as a framework by practitioners to discern true changes when testing on a rollerski treadmill.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-025-05746-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T02:16:29Z","timestamp":1743300989000},"page":"2015-2021","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Test\u2013retest reliability of performance variables during treadmill rollerski skating"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"125","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8646-7477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Losnegard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul Andr\u00e9","family":"Solberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magne","family":"Lund-Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Skaugen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joar","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Knut","family":"Skovereng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00d8yvind","family":"Sandbakk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"5746_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1535-2","volume":"110","author":"E Andersson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Andersson E, Supej M, Sandbakk O, Sperlich B, Stoggl T, Holmberg HC (2010) Analysis of sprint cross-country skiing using a differential global navigation satellite system. 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