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Pre- and post-intervention outcomes included physiological measures, 6-min walk test, hand-grip strength, Sit-to-Stand, Apley\u2019s shoulder test, Sit\u2013Reach test, perceived exertion, fatigue (FACIT), anxiety\/depression (HADS) questionnaires, and tiredness and pain scores (VAS 0\u201310 scale).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The INT group significantly increased walk test distance (13.7%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), Sit-to-Stand scores (33.7%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and peak expiratory pulmonary flow (12.9%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028) post-intervention. Fatigue (29.5%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005), depression (21.7%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.010), combined anxiety\/depression scores (16.9%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.047) and resting diastolic blood pressure (4.8%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) also significantly improved for the INT group. Sit\u2013Reach scores were significantly lower for the INT group compared to CON post-intervention (\u2212\u20094.0\u2009\u00b1\u200910.4 vs\u2009+\u20094.3\u2009\u00b1\u200910.7\u00a0cm, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.034). There were no adverse events or worsening of symptoms during the trial.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Self-paced, low\u2013moderate-intensity aquatic exercise improved walk distance, lower limb strength, fatigue, depression and peak expiratory flow without worsening ME\/CFS symptoms. This mode of low-intensity physical activity may confer mental health and physical benefits provided the activity is self-paced and within patient energy limits.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ANZCTRN12618001683224.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-025-05759-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T20:12:18Z","timestamp":1743883938000},"page":"2515-2528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Physical function and psychosocial outcomes after a 6-month self-paced aquatic exercise program for individuals with myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"125","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3546-4852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne","family":"Broadbent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0980-063X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonja","family":"Coetzee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7514-1059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Calder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3884-3949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosalind","family":"Beavers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"5759_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.4081\/reumatismo.2019.1169","volume":"71","author":"A Andrade","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andrade A, Steffens R, Sieczkowska S, Coimbra D, Vilarino G (2019) Acute effect of strength training on mood of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. 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