{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:13:12Z","timestamp":1787065992566,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Appl Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To examine the acute physiological, perceptual and neuromuscular responses of team sport athletes to two volume-matched cycling high intensity interval training (HIIT) sessions with short work bouts (<\u200960\u00a0s).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Using and randomised crossover design, 16 male team sport players completed 2\u2009\u00d7\u20096\u00a0min (with 5\u00a0min between sets) repeated efforts of 15\u00a0s or 30\u00a0s exercising at 120% power at\n \n \n $$\\dot{\\text{V}}$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n V<\/mml:mtext>\n \u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:alternatives>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n O\n 2 max<\/jats:sub>\n (p\n \n \n $$\\dot{\\text{V}}$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n V<\/mml:mtext>\n \u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:alternatives>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n O\n 2 max<\/jats:sub>\n ) followed by matched-duration passive recovery on a cycle ergometer.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Absolute mean\n \n \n $$\\dot{\\text{V}}$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n V<\/mml:mtext>\n \u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:alternatives>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n (p\u2009=\u20090.0257) and relative mean\n \n \n $$\\dot{\\text{V}}$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n V<\/mml:mtext>\n \u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:alternatives>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n (p\u2009=\u20090.0275) were higher in 15\u00a0s than 30\u00a0s HIIT. Total time at\u2009>\u200990%\n \n \n $$\\dot{\\text{V}}$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n V<\/mml:mtext>\n \u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:alternatives>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n O\n 2 max<\/jats:sub>\n during the HIIT was higher for 15\u00a0s compared to 30\u00a0s HIIT (p\u2009=\u20090.0257). Heart rate remained the same between trials (p\u2009=\u20090.805) as did oxygen pulse (p\u2009=\u20090.1161). B[La] was lower in 15\u00a0s compared to 30\u00a0s HIIT (p\u2009=\u20090.0257). Differences in dRPE-L (p\u2009=\u20090.0495), dRPE-B (p\u2009=\u20090.0495) and dRPE-O (p\u2009=\u20090.1837) suggested lower perceived exertion in 15\u00a0s compared to 30\u00a0s HIIT. Maximal isometric knee extension force revealed a greater reduction after 30\u00a0s HIIT (p\u2009=\u20090.0495).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Team sport athletes using short duration cycling-based HIIT should use 15\u00a0s work intervals to elicit greater time working near\n \n \n $$\\dot{\\text{V}}$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n V<\/mml:mtext>\n \u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:alternatives>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n O\n 2 max<\/jats:sub>\n at a lower perceived exertion and with smaller reductions in peak muscle force after exercise.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-025-05803-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T15:19:55Z","timestamp":1747063195000},"page":"3009-3015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Physiological, perceptual and neuromuscular responses of team sport athletes to short duration high intensity interval training using cycling"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"125","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6168-0378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig","family":"Twist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliot","family":"Conboy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shane","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1715-4252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamie","family":"Highton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"5803_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00908.2007","volume":"104","author":"DG Allen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Allen DG, Lamb GD, Westerblad H (2008) Impaired calcium release during fatigue. J Appl Physiol 104:296\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00908.2007","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5803_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200131010-00002","volume":"31","author":"LV Billat","year":"2001","unstructured":"Billat LV (2001) Interval training for performance: a scientific and empirical practice: special recommendations for middle-and long-distance running. Part I: aerobic interval training. Sports Med 31:13\u201331","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5803_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14411","volume":"33","author":"D Bok","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bok D, Gulin J, \u0160kegro D et al (2023) Comparison of anaerobic speed reserve and maximal aerobic speed methods to prescribe short format high-intensity interval training. Scand J Med Sci Sports 33:1638\u20131647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.14411","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"5803_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-6918(01)00055-5","volume":"109","author":"E Borg","year":"2002","unstructured":"Borg E, Borg G (2002) A comparison of AME and CR100 for scaling perceived exertion. Acta Psychol (Amst) 109:157\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0001-6918(01)00055-5","journal-title":"Acta Psychol (Amst)"},{"key":"5803_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0029-x","volume":"43","author":"M Buchheit","year":"2013","unstructured":"Buchheit M, Laursen PB (2013a) High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: Part I: Cardiopulmonary emphasis. Sports Med 43:313\u2013338","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5803_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0066-5","volume":"43","author":"M Buchheit","year":"2013","unstructured":"Buchheit M, Laursen PB (2013b) High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: Part II: anaerobic energy, neuromuscular load and practical applications. Sports Med 43:927\u2013954","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5803_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2007.11.007","volume":"12","author":"M Buchheit","year":"2009","unstructured":"Buchheit M, Lepretre PM, Behaegel AL et al (2009) Cardiorespiratory responses during running and sport-specific exercises in handball players. J Sci Med Sport 12:399\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2007.11.007","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"5803_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003499","volume":"34","author":"F Dolci","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dolci F, Kilding AE, Chivers P et al (2020) High-intensity interval training shock microcycle for enhancing sport performance: a brief review. J Strength Cond Res 34:1188\u20131196","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"5803_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1139\/h02-008","volume":"27","author":"G Dupont","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dupont G, Blondel N, Lensel G, Berthoin S (2002) Critical velocity and time spent at a high level of O2 for short intermittent runs at supramaximal velocities. Can J Appl Physiol 27:103\u2013115","journal-title":"Can J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5803_CR10","first-page":"584","volume":"18","author":"G Dupont","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dupont G, Akakpo K, Berthoin S (2004) The effect of in-season, high-intensity interval training in soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 18:584\u2013589","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"5803_CR11","first-page":"181","volume":"18","author":"L Fernando Farias-Junior","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fernando Farias-Junior L, Ara\u00fajo Dantas Mac\u00eado G, Alberto Vieira Browne R et al (2019) Physiological and psychological responses during low-volume high-intensity interval training sessions with different work-recovery durations. J Sports Sci Med 18:181","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"5803_CR12","first-page":"18","volume":"5","author":"EL Fox","year":"1973","unstructured":"Fox EL, Bartels RL, Billings CE et al (1973) Intensity and distance of interval training programs and changes in aerobic power. Med Sci Sports 5:18\u201322","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"5803_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200535090-00003","volume":"35","author":"M Glaister","year":"2005","unstructured":"Glaister M (2005) Multiple sprint work: physiological responses, mechanisms of fatigue and the influence of aerobic fitness. Sports Med 35:757\u2013777","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5803_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00024","author":"MJ Hamlin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hamlin MJ, Olsen PD, Marshall HC et al (2017) Hypoxic repeat sprint training improves rugby player\u2019s repeated sprint but not endurance performance. Front Physiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2017.00024","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"5803_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-002-0779-x","volume":"89","author":"DW Hill","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hill DW, Halcomb JN, Stevens EC (2003) Oxygen uptake kinetics during severe intensity running and cycling. Eur J Appl Physiol 89:612\u2013618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-002-0779-x","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5803_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818cb278","volume":"41","author":"WG Hopkins","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hopkins WG, Marshall SW, Batterham AM, Hanin J (2009) Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Med Sci Sports Exerc 41:3\u201312","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5803_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000099108.55944.C4","volume":"35","author":"AM Jones","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jones AM, Wilkerson DP, Burnley M, Koppo K (2003) Prior heavy exercise enhances performance during subsequent perimaximal exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35:2085\u20132092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/01.MSS.0000099108.55944.C4","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5803_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120338","author":"B Jones","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jones B, Hamilton DK, Cooper CE (2015) Muscle oxygen changes following sprint interval cycling training in elite field hockey players. PLoS ONE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0120338","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5803_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200232010-00003","volume":"32","author":"PB Laursen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Laursen PB, Jenkins DG (2002) The scientific basis for high-intensity interval training optimising training programmes and maximising performance in highly trained endurance athletes. Sports Med 32:53\u201373","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5803_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2915","DOI":"10.1113\/JP273196","volume":"595","author":"MJ MacInnis","year":"2017","unstructured":"MacInnis MJ, Gibala MJ (2017) Physiological adaptations to interval training and the role of exercise intensity. J Physiol 595:2915\u20132930","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5803_CR21","first-page":"508","volume":"19","author":"M Mallol","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mallol M, Norton L, Bentley DJ et al (2020) Physiological response differences between run and cycle high intensity interval training program in recreational middle age female runners. J Sports Sci Med 19:508\u2013516","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"5803_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1418-6","volume":"109","author":"SM Marcora","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marcora SM, Staiano W (2010) The limit to exercise tolerance in humans: mind over muscle? Eur J Appl Physiol 109:763\u2013770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-010-1418-6","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5803_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2015-0223","volume":"11","author":"SJ Mclaren","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mclaren SJ, Graham M, Spears IR, Weston M (2016) The sensitivity of differential ratings of perceived exertion as measures of internal load. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 11:404\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2015-0223","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"5803_CR24","first-page":"1","volume":"46","author":"AW Midgley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Midgley AW, Naughton (2006) Time at or near V O2max during continuous and intermittent running: the optimisation of training protocols to elicit the longest time at or near V O2max. J Sports Med Phys Fit 46:1\u201314","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fit"},{"key":"5803_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-003-0844-0","volume":"90","author":"GP Millet","year":"2003","unstructured":"Millet GP, Libicz S, Borrani F et al (2003) Effects of increased intensity of intermittent training in runners with differing VO2 kinetics. Eur J Appl Physiol 90:50\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-003-0844-0","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5803_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003578","volume":"36","author":"A Myrkos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Myrkos A, Smilios I, Zafeiridis A et al (2020) Effects of work and recovery duration and their ratio on cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses during aerobic interval exercise. J Strength Cond Res 36:2169\u20132175","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"5803_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2024.2316504","volume":"41","author":"O Ozkaya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ozkaya O, Jones AM, Burnley M et al (2023) Different categories of VO2 kinetics in the \u2018extreme\u2019 exercise intensity domain. J Sports Sci 41:2144\u20132152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640414.2024.2316504","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"5803_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17479541241286294","author":"T Rogers","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rogers T, Gill N, Beaven CM (2024) Characterizations and practical applications of off-feet conditioning interval training in open skill sports. Int J Sports Sci Coach. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17479541241286294","journal-title":"Int J Sports Sci Coach"},{"key":"5803_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01523-9","volume":"51","author":"GN Sandford","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sandford GN, Laursen PB, Buchheit M (2021) Anaerobic speed\/power reserve and sport performance: scientific basis, current applications and future directions. Sports Med 51:2017\u20132028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-021-01523-9","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5803_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00590.2002","volume":"95","author":"BW Scheuermann","year":"2003","unstructured":"Scheuermann BW, Barstow TJ (2003) O2 uptake kinetics during exercise at peak O2 uptake. J Appl Physiol 95:2014\u20132022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00590.2002","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5803_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01053.2007","volume":"104","author":"JL Taylor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Taylor JL, Gandevia SC (2008) A comparison of central aspects of fatigue in submaximal and maximal voluntary contractions. J Appl Physiol 104:542\u2013550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01053.2007","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5803_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2019.1635650","volume":"20","author":"G Thom","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thom G, Kavaliauskas M, Babraj J (2020) Changes in lactate kinetics underpin soccer performance adaptations to cycling-based sprint interval training. Eur J Sport Sci 20:486\u2013494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17461391.2019.1635650","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"key":"5803_CR33","first-page":"29","volume":"14","author":"G Tschakert","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tschakert G, Kroepfl J, Mueller A et al (2015) How to regulate the acute physiological response to \u2018aerobic\u2019 high-intensity interval exercise. J Sports Sci Med 14:29\u201336","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"5803_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3326","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001000","volume":"29","author":"WJ Tucker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tucker WJ, Sawyer BJ, Jarrett CL et al (2015) Physiological responses to high-intensity interval exercise differing in interval duration. J Strength Cond Res 29:3326\u20133335","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"5803_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-022-05053-8","volume":"123","author":"C Twist","year":"2023","unstructured":"Twist C, Bott R, Highton J (2023) The physiological, perceptual and neuromuscular responses of team sport athletes to a running and cycling high intensity interval training session. Eur J Appl Physiol 123:113\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-022-05053-8","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5803_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E20","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-124429","volume":"02","author":"S Valstad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Valstad S, von Heimburg E, Welde B, van den Tillaar R (2018) Comparison of long and short high-intensity interval exercise bouts on running performance, physiological and perceptual responses. Sports Med Int Open 02:E20\u2013E27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0043-124429","journal-title":"Sports Med Int Open"},{"key":"5803_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2674","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.81.6.2674","volume":"81","author":"BJ Whipp","year":"1996","unstructured":"Whipp BJ, Higgenbotham MB, Cobb FC (1996) Estimating exercise stroke volume from asymptotic oxygen pulse in humans. J Appl Physiol 81:2674\u20132679","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00421-025-05803-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00421-025-05803-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00421-025-05803-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T16:59:44Z","timestamp":1759165184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00421-025-05803-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["5803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-025-05803-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1439-6319","1439-6327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1439-6319","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-6327","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures in this study were approved by the institution\u2019s research committee (U23_SPS_3604) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants in the study provided written informed consent. The authors all consent to the publication of this work.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}