{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T08:47:28Z","timestamp":1768294048966,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001702","name":"AO Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001702","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012652","name":"ETH Z\u00fcrich Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012652","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Appl Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Vibrational stimulation was suggested sufficient to acutely enhance range of motion (ROM). However, the actual merit of superimposed vibration and underlying mechanical or sensory mechanisms of ROM increases due to local vibration are not well understood.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Using a randomized controlled cross-over trial, this study opposed two minutes of stretching\u2009+\u2009vibration (STV) to vibration (V) and stretching (ST) alone as well as a passive control (CG) in 30 healthy, recreationally active participants. Pre- and post-intervention measurements of ankle dorsiflexion ROM, ankle passive torque, and gastrocnemius medialis muscle stiffness were conducted using a dynamometer and shear wave elastography, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>All interventions significantly increased ROM (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.622) compared to CG, with no additional benefits observed for vibration combined with stretching compared to stretching or vibration alone. However, combining stretching and vibration produced the most pronounced reductions in passive torque over the whole ankle ROM. The combination demonstrated additive effects of stretching and vibration, which affected passive torque in the end ROM and at rest, respectively. Muscle stiffness decreased, but did not differentiate between conditions.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These findings negate additional acute vibration effects on ROM that surpass the effects of stretching alone, while the combination of stretching and vibration presented the most prominent influence on passive torque and joint resistance. Vibration also increases stretching pain tolerance; this might facilitate the conduction of exercises and improves compliance as well as adherence to stretching habits.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-025-05839-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T09:48:19Z","timestamp":1749721699000},"page":"3363-3375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immediate effects of passive stretching and\/or local vibration on ankle range of motion, calf muscle stiffness and passive torque: a randomized controlled cross-over trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"125","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8478-4185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Jochum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5588-1824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Konrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0678-9169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josef","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0906-9203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanislav D.","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4964-2867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantin","family":"Warneke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"5839_CR1","volume-title":"Science of flexibility","author":"MJ Alter","year":"2004","unstructured":"Alter MJ (2004) Science of flexibility. Human Kinetics, Champaign"},{"issue":"1","key":"5839_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12406","volume":"26","author":"RJ Andrade","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andrade RJ, Lacourpaille L, Freitas SR, McNair PJ, Nordez A (2016) Effects of hip and head position on ankle range of motion, ankle passive torque, and passive gastrocnemius tension. Scand J Med Sci Sports 26(1):41\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.12406","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"1","key":"5839_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14532","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32873-6","volume":"8","author":"RJ Andrade","year":"2018","unstructured":"Andrade RJ, Freitas SR, Hug F, Le Sant G, Lacourpaille L, Gross R, McNair P, Nordez A (2018) The potential role of sciatic nerve stiffness in the limitation of maximal ankle range of motion. Sci Rep 8(1):14532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-32873-6","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"5839_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-023-00652-x","volume":"9","author":"DG Behm","year":"2023","unstructured":"Behm DG, Alizadeh S, Daneshjoo A, Anvar SH, Graham A, Zahiri A, Goudini R, Edwards C, Culleton R, Scharf C, Konrad A (2023) Acute effects of various stretching techniques on range of motion: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Med Open 9(1):107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40798-023-00652-x","journal-title":"Sports Med Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"5839_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1519\/r-20416.1","volume":"21","author":"PS Bradley","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bradley PS, Portas MD (2007) The relationship between preseason range of motion and muscle strain injury in elite soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 21(4):1155\u20131159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/r-20416.1","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5839_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00003677-200301000-00002","volume":"31","author":"M Cardinale","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cardinale M, Bosco C (2003) The use of vibration as an exercise intervention. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 31(1):3\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003677-200301000-00002","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"5839_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1519\/1533-4287(2003)017<0621:eaovlm>2.0.co;2","volume":"17","author":"M Cardinale","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cardinale M, Lim J (2003) Electromyography activity of vastus lateralis muscle during whole-body vibrations of different frequencies. J Strength Cond Res 17(3):621\u2013624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/1533-4287(2003)017%3c0621:eaovlm%3e2.0.co;2","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"5839_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.23736\/s1973-9087.22.07415-9","volume":"58","author":"R Casale","year":"2022","unstructured":"Casale R, Hansson P (2022) The analgesic effect of localized vibration: a systematic review. Part 1: the neurophysiological basis. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 58(2):306\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/s1973-9087.22.07415-9","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5839_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/08990220.2017.1281115","volume":"34","author":"M Cidem","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cidem M, Karacan I, Cakar HI, Cidem M, Sebik O, Yilmaz G, Turker KS, Karamehmetoglu SS (2017) Vibration parameters affecting vibration-induced reflex muscle activity. Somatosens Mot Res 34(1):47\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08990220.2017.1281115","journal-title":"Somatosens Mot Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5839_CR10","first-page":"19","volume":"10","author":"DJ Cochrane","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cochrane DJ (2011a) The potential neural mechanisms of acute indirect vibration. J Sports Sci Med 10(1):19\u201330","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"5839_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1268010","volume":"32","author":"DJ Cochrane","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cochrane DJ (2011b) Vibration exercise: the potential benefits. Int J Sports Med 32(2):75\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0030-1268010","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"5839_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2007.04.006","volume":"11","author":"DJ Cochrane","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cochrane DJ, Stannard SR, Walmsely A, Firth EC (2008) The acute effect of vibration exercise on concentric muscular characteristics. J Sci Med Sport 11(6):527\u2013534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2007.04.006","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"3","key":"5839_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.ep10768783","volume":"1","author":"J Cohen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cohen J (1992) Statistical power analysis. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 1(3):98\u2013101","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5839_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S1466-853X(04)00020-3","volume":"5","author":"JB Cronin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cronin JB, Oliver M, McNair PJ (2004) Muscle stiffness and injury effects of whole body vibration. Phys Ther Sport 5(2):68\u201374","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"issue":"2","key":"5839_CR15","first-page":"139","volume":"50","author":"R Di Giminiani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Di Giminiani R, Manno R, Scrimaglio R, Sementilli G, Tihanyi J (2010) Effects of individualized whole-body vibration on muscle flexibility and mechanical power. J Sports Med Phys Fit 50(2):139\u2013151","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fit"},{"issue":"1","key":"5839_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/s0004-9514(06)70061-7","volume":"52","author":"H Folpp","year":"2006","unstructured":"Folpp H, Deall S, Harvey LA, Gwinn T (2006) Can apparent increases in muscle extensibility with regular stretch be explained by changes in tolerance to stretch? Aust J Physiother 52(1):45\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0004-9514(06)70061-7","journal-title":"Aust J Physiother"},{"issue":"3","key":"5839_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.70252\/TJVC4921","volume":"12","author":"BD Fowler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fowler BD, Palombo KTM, Feland JB, Blotter JD (2019) Effects of whole-body vibration on flexibility and stiffness: a literature review. Int J Exerc Sci 12(3):735\u2013747","journal-title":"Int J Exerc Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"5839_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2009.07.014","volume":"31","author":"A Fratini","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fratini A, La Gatta A, Bifulco P, Romano M, Cesarelli M (2009) Muscle motion and EMG activity in vibration treatment. Med Eng Phys 31(9):1166\u20131172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medengphy.2009.07.014","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"5839_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1006\/jsbi.1998.3966","volume":"122","author":"P Fratzl","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fratzl P, Misof K, Zizak I, Rapp G, Amenitsch H, Bernstorff S (1998) Fibrillar structure and mechanical properties of collagen. J Struct Biol 122(1\u20132):119\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/jsbi.1998.3966","journal-title":"J Struct Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5839_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12957","volume":"28","author":"SR Freitas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Freitas SR, Mendes B, Le Sant G, Andrade RJ, Nordez A, Milanovic Z (2018) Can chronic stretching change the muscle-tendon mechanical properties? a review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 28(3):794\u2013806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.12957","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"12","key":"5839_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.07.028","volume":"47","author":"B Friesenbichler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Friesenbichler B, Lienhard K, Vienneau J, Nigg BM (2014) Vibration transmission to lower extremity soft tissues during whole-body vibration. J Biomech 47(12):2858\u20132862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.07.028","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"1","key":"5839_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.2012.01161.x","volume":"33","author":"JT Fuller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fuller JT, Thomson RL, Howe PR, Buckley JD (2013) Effect of vibration on muscle perfusion: a systematic review. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 33(1):1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1475-097X.2012.01161.x","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"issue":"7","key":"5839_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318213fefb","volume":"43","author":"CE Garber","year":"2011","unstructured":"Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, Franklin BA, Lamonte MJ, Lee IM, Nieman DC, Swain DP (2011) American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 43(7):1334\u20131359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318213fefb","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"4","key":"5839_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.102.048101","volume":"102","author":"SG Gevorkian","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gevorkian SG, Allahverdyan AE, Gevorgyan DS, Simonian AL (2009) Thermal (in)stability of type I collagen fibrils. Phys Rev Lett 102(4):048101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.102.048101","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"5839_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(66)90029-1","volume":"2","author":"KE Hagbarth","year":"1966","unstructured":"Hagbarth KE, Eklund G (1966) Tonic vibration reflexes (TVR) in spasticity. Brain Res 2(2):201\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-8993(66)90029-1","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"5839_CR26","first-page":"324","volume":"45","author":"V Issurin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Issurin V (2005) Vibrations and their applications in sport. A review. J Sports Med Phys Fit 45(3):324\u2013336","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fit"},{"issue":"6","key":"5839_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1080\/02640419408732206","volume":"12","author":"VB Issurin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Issurin VB, Liebermann DG, Tenenbaum G (1994) Effect of vibratory stimulation training on maximal force and flexibility. J Sports Sci 12(6):561\u2013566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640419408732206","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"5839_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2025.101033","author":"D Jochum","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jochum D, Konrad A, Lohmann LH, Cochrane D, Rittweger J, Vogel V, Warneke K (2025a) The merit of superimposed vibration for flexibility and passive stiffness: a systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis. J Sport Health Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jshs.2025.101033","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5839_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk10010017","volume":"10","author":"D Jochum","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jochum D, Vogel V, Warneke K (2025b) Acute effects of passive stretching with and without vibration on hip range of motion, temperature, and stiffness parameters in male elite athletes. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 10(1):17","journal-title":"J Funct Morphol Kinesiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5839_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2020.06.019","volume":"24","author":"MG Ko","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ko MG, Lee MM, Song CH (2020) A comparison of the effects of different stretching methods on flexibility, muscle activity, and pain threshold in ballet dancers; a preliminary randomized controlled trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther 24(4):354\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbmt.2020.06.019","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"5839_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2023.06.002","author":"A Konrad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Konrad A, Alizadeh S, Daneshjoo A, Anvar SH, Graham A, Zahiri A, Goudini R, Edwards C, Scharf C, Behm DG (2023) Chronic effects of stretching on range of motion with consideration of potential moderating variables: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Sport Health Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jshs.2023.06.002","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"5839_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-017-3654-5","volume":"117","author":"A Konrad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Konrad A, Budini F, Tilp M (2017a) Acute effects of constant torque and constant angle stretching on the muscle and tendon tissue properties. Eur J Appl Physiol 117(8):1649\u20131656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-017-3654-5","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"5839_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12725","volume":"27","author":"A Konrad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Konrad A, Stafilidis S, Tilp M (2017b) Effects of acute static, ballistic, and PNF stretching exercise on the muscle and tendon tissue properties. Scand J Med Sci Sports 27(10):1070\u20131080. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.12725","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"9","key":"5839_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2019.1580319","volume":"19","author":"A Konrad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Konrad A, Reiner MM, Thaller S, Tilp M (2019) The time course of muscle-tendon properties and function responses of a five-minute static stretching exercise. Eur J Sport Sci 19(9):1195\u20131203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17461391.2019.1580319","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5839_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00658.2001","volume":"92","author":"K Kubo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T (2002) Effect of stretching training on the viscoelastic properties of human tendon structures in vivo. J Appl Physiol 92(2):595\u2013601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00658.2001","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5839_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lance J, Burke D, Andrews C (1973) The reflex effects of muscle vibration. In: Human reflexes, pathophysiology of motor systems, methodology of human reflexes, vol 3. Karger Publishers, pp 444\u2013462","DOI":"10.1159\/000394159"},{"issue":"12","key":"5839_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.05.079","volume":"19","author":"AH Lewis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lewis AH, Cui AF, McDonald MF, Grandl J (2017) Transduction of repetitive mechanical stimuli by Piezo1 and Piezo2 Ion channels. Cell Rep 19(12):2572\u20132585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.05.079","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"5839_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(84)90808-x","volume":"20","author":"T Lundeberg","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lundeberg T, Nordemar R, Ottoson D (1984) Pain alleviation by vibratory stimulation. Pain 20(1):25\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-3959(84)90808-x","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"5839_CR39","first-page":"514","volume":"16","author":"N Maeda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maeda N, Urabe Y, Tsutsumi S, Sakai S, Fujishita H, Kobayashi T, Asaeda M, Hirata K, Mikami Y, Kimura H (2017) The acute effects of static and cyclic stretching on muscle stiffness and hardness of medial gastrocnemius muscle. J Sports Sci Med 16(4):514\u2013520","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"5839_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2008.00815.x","volume":"19","author":"NN Mahieu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mahieu NN, Cools A, De Wilde B, Boon M, Witvrouw E (2009) Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on the plantar flexor muscle-tendon tissue properties. Scand J Med Sci Sports 19(4):553\u2013560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2008.00815.x","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"1","key":"5839_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevBiomedEng.2022041625","volume":"50","author":"AA Masud","year":"2022","unstructured":"Masud AA, Shen CL, Luk HY, Chyu MC (2022) Impact of local vibration training on neuromuscular activity, muscle cell, and muscle strength: a review. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 50(1):1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1615\/CritRevBiomedEng.2022041625","journal-title":"Crit Rev Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"10","key":"5839_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2694","DOI":"10.1519\/jsc.0000000000002260","volume":"33","author":"T Mizuno","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mizuno T (2019) Combined effects of static stretching and electrical stimulation on joint range of motion and muscle strength. J Strength Cond Res 33(10):2694\u20132703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/jsc.0000000000002260","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"5839_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sports11010010","author":"T Mizuno","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mizuno T (2023) Combined static stretching and electrical muscle stimulation induce greater changes in range of motion, passive torque, and tendon displacement compared with static stretching. Sports (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sports11010010","journal-title":"Sports (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"5839_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesf.2023.10.003","volume":"21","author":"P Muanjai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Muanjai P, Haas C, Sies W, Mittag U, Zange J, Sch\u00f6nau E, Duran I, Kamandulis S, Rittweger J (2023) Effect of whole-body vibration frequency on muscle tensile state during graded plantar flexor isometric contractions. J Exerc Sci Fit 21(4):405\u2013415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jesf.2023.10.003","journal-title":"J Exerc Sci Fit"},{"issue":"3","key":"5839_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2011.11.003","volume":"13","author":"J Nakano","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nakano J, Yamabayashi C, Scott A, Reid WD (2012) The effect of heat applied with stretch to increase range of motion: a systematic review. Phys Ther Sport 13(3):180\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ptsp.2011.11.003","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"issue":"6","key":"5839_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00001433-199712000-00007","volume":"8","author":"BM Nigg","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nigg BM (1997) Impact forces in running. Curr Opin Orthop 8(6):43\u201347","journal-title":"Curr Opin Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"5839_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201X.1996.465180000.x","volume":"156","author":"M Nordin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nordin M, Hagbarth KE (1996) Effects of preceding movements and contractions on the tonic vibration reflex of human finger extensor muscles. Acta Physiol Scand 156(4):435\u2013440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-201X.1996.465180000.x","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"5839_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-198904000-00007","volume":"68","author":"DJ Oliveri","year":"1989","unstructured":"Oliveri DJ, Lynn K, Hong CZ (1989) Increased skin temperature after vibratory stimulation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 68(2):81\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00002060-198904000-00007","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"5839_CR49","first-page":"726","volume":"9","author":"P Page","year":"2014","unstructured":"Page P (2014) Beyond statistical significance: clinical interpretation of rehabilitation research literature. Int J Sports Phys Ther 9(5):726\u2013736","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"5839_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(86)90046-1","volume":"24","author":"T Pantaleo","year":"1986","unstructured":"Pantaleo T, Duranti R, Bellini F (1986) Effects of vibratory stimulation on muscular pain threshold and blink response in human subjects. Pain 24(2):239\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-3959(86)90046-1","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"5839_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1002\/tsm2.150","volume":"3","author":"BM Pereira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pereira BM, Magalhaes FA, Lacerda ACR, Andrade AGP, Peixoto GHD, Chagas MH (2020) Comparison of four local vibratory stimuli on mechanical and sensorial variables related to muscle-tendon unit response. Transl Sports Med 3(5):440\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tsm2.150","journal-title":"Transl Sports Med"},{"key":"5839_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-43985-9","volume-title":"Manual of vibration exercise and vibration therapy","author":"J Rittweger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rittweger J (2020) Manual of vibration exercise and vibration therapy. Springer, Berlin"},{"issue":"1","key":"5839_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-012-2402-0","volume":"113","author":"R Ritzmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ritzmann R, Gollhofer A, Kramer A (2013) The influence of vibration type, frequency, body position and additional load on the neuromuscular activity during whole body vibration. Eur J Appl Physiol 113(1):1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-012-2402-0","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5839_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2018.378","volume":"46","author":"LR Robinson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Robinson LR, Probyn L (2019) How much sciatic nerve does hip flexion require? Can J Neurol Sci 46(2):248\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/cjn.2018.378","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"5839_CR55","first-page":"46","volume":"20","author":"SA Rodrigues","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rodrigues SA, Rabelo AS, Couto BP, Motta-Santos D, Drummond MDM, Gon\u00e7alves R, Silva RAD, Szmuchrowski LA (2017) Acute effects of single bout of stretching exercise and mechanical vibration in hamstring muscle. J Exerc Physiol Online 20(4):46\u201357","journal-title":"J Exerc Physiol Online"},{"issue":"3","key":"5839_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C728","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00544.2022","volume":"324","author":"A Savadipour","year":"2023","unstructured":"Savadipour A, Palmer D, Ely EV, Collins KH, Garcia-Castorena JM, Harissa Z, Kim YS, Oestrich A, Qu F, Rashidi N, Guilak F (2023) The role of PIEZO ion channels in the musculoskeletal system. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 324(3):C728-c740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00544.2022","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5839_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2023.496","volume":"22","author":"B Skinner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Skinner B, Dunn L, Moss R (2023) The acute effects of theragun\u2122 percussive therapy on viscoelastic tissue dynamics and hamstring group range of motion. J Sports Sci Med 22(3):496\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52082\/jssm.2023.496","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"5839_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2023.465","volume":"22","author":"K Takeuchi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Takeuchi K, Nakamura M, Fukaya T, Konrad A, Mizuno T (2023) Acute and long-term effects of static stretching on muscle-tendon unit stiffness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci Med 22(3):465\u2013475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52082\/jssm.2023.465","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"5839_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659001800314","volume":"18","author":"DC Taylor","year":"1990","unstructured":"Taylor DC, Dalton JD Jr, Seaber AV, Garrett WE Jr (1990) Viscoelastic properties of muscle-tendon units. The biomechanical effects of stretching. Am J Sports Med 18(3):300\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/036354659001800314","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"5839_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1586\/ecp.10.41","volume":"3","author":"L Vay","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vay L, Gu C, McNaughton PA (2010) Current perspectives on the modulation of thermo-TRP channels: new advances and therapeutic implications. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 3(5):687\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/ecp.10.41","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5839_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01601.x","volume":"165","author":"L Vay","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vay L, Gu C, McNaughton PA (2012) The thermo-TRP ion channel family: properties and therapeutic implications. Br J Pharmacol 165(4):787\u2013801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01601.x","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5839_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2006.00618.x","volume":"17","author":"TG Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang TG, Hsiao TY, Wang CL, Shau YW (2007) Resonance frequency in patellar tendon. Scand J Med Sci Sports 17(5):535\u2013538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2006.00618.x","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"5839_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2024.01.006","author":"K Warneke","year":"2024","unstructured":"Warneke K, Pl\u00f6schberger G, Lohmann LH, Lichtenstein E, Jochum D, Siegel SD, Zech A, Behm DG (2024a) Foam rolling and stretching do not provide superior acute flexibility and stiffness improvements compared to any other warm-up intervention: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Sport Health Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jshs.2024.01.006","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"5839_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-024-05495-2","volume":"124","author":"K Warneke","year":"2024","unstructured":"Warneke K, Rabitsch T, Dobert P, Wilke J (2024b) The effects of static and dynamic stretching on deep fascia stiffness: a randomized, controlled cross-over study. Eur J Appl Physiol 124(9):2809\u20132818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-024-05495-2","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5839_CR65","first-page":"122","volume":"57","author":"CG Warren","year":"1976","unstructured":"Warren CG, Lehmann JF, Koblanski JN (1976) Heat and stretch procedures: an evaluation using rat tail tendon. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 57(3):122\u2013126","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"5839_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20090012","volume":"90","author":"CH Weppler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weppler CH, Magnusson SP (2010) Increasing muscle extensibility: a matter of increasing length or modifying sensation? Phys Ther 90(3):438\u2013449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2522\/ptj.20090012","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"5839_CR67","volume-title":"Introduction to robust estimation and hypothesis testing","author":"RR Wilcox","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wilcox RR (2011) Introduction to robust estimation and hypothesis testing. Academic Press, Boca Raton"},{"issue":"10","key":"5839_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515594380","volume":"43","author":"KE Wilk","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wilk KE, Macrina LC, Fleisig GS, Aune KT, Porterfield RA, Harker P, Evans TJ, Andrews JR (2015) Deficits in glenohumeral passive range of motion increase risk of shoulder injury in professional baseball pitchers: a prospective study. Am J Sports Med 43(10):2379\u20132385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546515594380","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"5839_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01205-7","volume":"50","author":"J Wilke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wilke J, M\u00fcller AL, Giesche F, Power G, Ahmedi H, Behm DG (2020) Acute effects of foam rolling on range of motion in healthy adults: a systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis. Sports Med 50(2):387\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-019-01205-7","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"5839_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2023.04.051","volume":"54","author":"NW Willigenburg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Willigenburg NW, Poolman RW (2023) The difference between statistical significance and clinical relevance. The case of minimal important change, non-inferiority trials, and smallest worthwhile effect. Injury 54(Suppl 5):110764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2023.04.051","journal-title":"Injury"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00421-025-05839-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00421-025-05839-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00421-025-05839-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T04:48:19Z","timestamp":1760503699000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00421-025-05839-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["5839"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-025-05839-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1439-6319","1439-6327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1439-6319","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-6327","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the local Ethical Committee of the University of Graz (GZ. 39\/98\/63 ex 2023\/24).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}