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Exponential fitting of the fractional elevation of HR (\u0394HR) with BLa (individualised training impulse; iTRIMP) or DFA-\u03b11 (\u03b1TRIMP) generated individualised coefficients for both methods. The TRIMP weightings were interpolated values of BLa or DFA-\u03b11 derived at each \u0394HR through coefficients to represent individualised physiological intensity. Principal component regression evaluated the relationship between combined CRF variables and the TRIMP coefficients or weightings.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Large inter-individual variation was observed at the same physiological thresholds (\u0394HR at LT<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/VT<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.51\u20130.83 and LT<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/VT<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.63\u20130.96), underscoring the need for TRIMP methods to weight \u0394HR and account for different exposure at similar intensity. CRF had a <jats:italic>moderate<\/jats:italic> relationship with coefficients for iTRIMP and \u03b1TRIMP methods (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n              <jats:sub>average<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.52\u20130.67), but a <jats:italic>moderate<\/jats:italic> to <jats:italic>strong<\/jats:italic> relationship with their weightings at a fixed \u0394HR (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n              <jats:sub>average<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.67\u20130.78).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\u03b1TRIMP is a valid and practically accessible method for quantifying internal training exposure using ECG-based HR monitors, which individualises physiological intensity through DFA-\u03b11-derived weightings among individuals of varied fitness exercising at same percentages of HR.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-025-05841-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T06:29:39Z","timestamp":1749623379000},"page":"3341-3350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Internal training exposure: development and construct validation of an individualised method using heart rate variability"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"125","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2111-0113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samrat","family":"Sheoran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonis","family":"Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josh","family":"Darrall-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Weaving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"5841_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2010.12.003","volume":"14","author":"I Akubat","year":"2011","unstructured":"Akubat I, Abt G (2011) Intermittent exercise alters the heart rate\u2013blood lactate relationship used for calculating the training impulse (TRIMP) in team sport players. 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