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The step responses of critical closing pressure (CrCP) and resistance area product (RAP) obtained from the cerebral blood velocity (CBv) signal can reflect the changes in dCA, enabling exploration of dCA changes in supine, sitting and upright postures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In 22 participants (11 males, aged 30.2\u2009\u00b1\u200914.3\u00a0years), two recordings were made for each posture, corresponding to supine, sitting, and standing. Blood pressure (BP, Finometer), MCAv and PCAv (transcranial Doppler ultrasound), end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , capnography) and heart rate (ECG) were continuously recorded. CrCP and RAP were obtained for each cardiac cycle, and the step responses of CBv (SRV\n                      <jats:sub>MCA\/PCA<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), CrCP (SRV\n                      <jats:sub>CrCP<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), and RAP (SRV\n                      <jats:sub>RAP<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), for both arteries, were calculated after subcomponent and transfer function analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Moving from supine to sitting, and then standing, led to reductions in mean MCAv (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), PCAv (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.037), BP (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and EtCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), accompanied by changes in SRV\n                      <jats:sub>MCA<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), but not in SRV\n                      <jats:sub>PCA<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.78). For both arteries, SRV\n                      <jats:sub>RAP<\/jats:sub>\n                      and SRV\n                      <jats:sub>CrCP<\/jats:sub>\n                      reflected changes in posture (both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Posture changes can significantly affect the step responses of MCAv, CrCP, and RAP. The interaction between posture and EtCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      from the perspective of the CrCP and RAP step responses needs further exploration in future studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-025-05972-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T18:23:19Z","timestamp":1758565399000},"page":"1187-1198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The impact of posture changes on critical closing pressure and resistance-area product regulation in healthy subjects"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"X.","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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