{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T05:47:26Z","timestamp":1785217646754,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006390","name":"University of Lausanne","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006390","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Appl Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Repeated sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) performed with voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volumes (RSH-VHL) has been proposed as an alternative to RSH. Recently, repeated sprint training combined with end-expiratory breath hold until the breaking point (RSH-UBP) has been suggested as a more effective stimulus. The aim of this study was to compare the physiological responses of repeated sprint training in normoxia (RSN), RSH-VHL and RSH-UBP. We hypothesized that RSH-UBP would induce greater hypercapnic and hypoxemic stress compared to the other conditions and therefore greater physiological responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ten healthy active men participated in three repeated sprint exercise sessions on ergocycle. Pulse oxygen saturation (SpO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), end-tidal CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      pressure (P\n                      <jats:sub>ET<\/jats:sub>\n                      CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), muscle oxygenation, cardiac hemodynamics, and total work were continuously monitored throughout the protocol.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Time spent below 96% SpO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      was higher in both RSH-VHL and RSH-UBP than in RSN (82\u2009\u00b1\u200966\u00a0s and 74\u2009\u00b1\u200957\u00a0s vs. 11\u2009\u00b1\u200914\u00a0s,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.039). Contradictory, P\n                      <jats:sub>ET<\/jats:sub>\n                      CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      was higher in RSH-VHL and RSH-UBP than in RSN (33.6\u2009\u00b1\u20094.2 and 32.9\u2009\u00b1\u20093.5 vs. 27.8\u2009\u00b1\u20094.2 mmHg,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Total work was lower in RSH-UBP than in RSH-VHL and RSN (33.1\u2009\u00b1\u20095.8 vs. 46.5\u2009\u00b1\u20095.7 and 47.4\u2009\u00b1\u20096.0\u00a0kJ,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) despite a higher mean power in RSH-UBP. Amplitude in the muscle deoxygenation-reoxygenation cycle was lower during RSH-UBP (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.045). There was no difference in stroke volume or cardiac output between the three conditions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, RSH-VHL emerged as the most effective condition for inducing large hypercapnic and hypoxemic stimuli while maintaining the training load during repeated sprint training,\u00a0whereas RSH-UBP succeeded in inducing similar hypercapnic and hypoxic stress with shorter sprint durations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-025-06030-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T04:35:14Z","timestamp":1762144514000},"page":"2037-2049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Acute physiological responses during repeated sprint training with maximum end-expiratory breath-holds"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5032-8301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Raberin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Citherlet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Carletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niccol\u00f2","family":"Franchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Manferdelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gr\u00e9goire P.","family":"Millet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"6030_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0392","volume":"19","author":"M Ait Ali Braham","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ait Ali Braham M, Ouchen Y, Woorons X (2024) Effects of a 6-week repeated-sprint training with voluntary hypoventilation at low and high lung volume on repeated-sprint ability in female soccer players. 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