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Exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH), a reduction in pain sensitivity following resistance exercise, typically requires high loads. Blood flow restriction (BFR) training may offer a lower-load alternative to elicit EIH. This investigation aimed to assess EIH responses following resistance exercise with and without BFR in individuals with MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>15 participants diagnosed with MS completed three exercise sessions consisting of isotonic, unilateral leg extensions with the current exercise recommendation (high-load, 70% of 1RM), low-load BFR (LL\u2009+\u2009BFR, 30% of 1RM with BFR), or low-loads (30% of 1RM without BFR). Pain pressure threshold (\u201cuncomfortable\u201d) and tolerance (\u201cpainful\u201d) of the rectus femoris were assessed before and after each exercise session. After each exercise set, participants rated their pain (0\u201310) which was used for mediation analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants completed similar exercise volume (high-load\u2009=\u20093056.0\u2009\u00b1\u2009728.2\u00a0kg; low-load\u2009=\u20093208.3\u2009\u00b1 \u20091041.5\u00a0kg) but pain pressure threshold was greater (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.012\u20130.025) following LL\u2009+\u2009BFR (1.04\u2009\u00b1\u20090.97 \u0394kgf) compared to high-load (0.37\u2009\u00b1\u20090.70 \u0394kgf) and low-load exercise (0.28\u2009\u00b1\u20090.69 \u0394kgf). Pain pressure tolerance was greater (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015) following LL\u2009+\u2009BFR (1.41\u2009\u00b1\u20091.01 \u0394kgf) compared to low-load exercise (0.23\u2009\u00b1\u20091.69 \u0394kgf). Peak pain was greater (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004\u20130.030) during LL\u2009+\u2009BFR (4.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9 au) compared to high-load (1.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7 au) and low-load (2.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.4 au) exercise but was not a significant mediator of the EIH response.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LL\u2009+\u2009BFR elicited a local EIH response compared to the current exercise recommendation (high-load) and low-load resistance exercise. These findings suggest that LL\u2009+\u2009BFR may be an potent exercise intervention to acutely alter pain sensitivity in patients with MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-025-06052-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T05:16:30Z","timestamp":1766121390000},"page":"2661-2669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pain responses following resistance exercise with and without blood flow restriction in individuals with multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3564-7245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher E.","family":"Proppe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean M.","family":"Lubiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola M.","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mason A.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey T.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethan C.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"6052_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/08990220600856255","volume":"23","author":"H Andersen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Andersen H, Arendt-Nielsen L, Danneskiold-Sams\u00d8e B, Graven-Nielsen T (2006) Pressure pain sensitivity and hardness along human normal and sensitized muscle. 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