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In one trial, participants stood with bare feet on cooled plates (17.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5\u00a0\u2103) and in the other they were on noncooled plates (36.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1\u00a0\u2103), with the order assigned in a block randomized manner.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Core temperature increased during steady-state exercise (from 37.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3 to 37.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u00a0\u2103,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.003) and the PWC test (from 37.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3 to 37.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u00a0\u2103,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), but there was no difference between conditions (mean difference 0.03\u00b10.18\u00a0\u2103,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2265\u20090.592, d\n                      <jats:sub>z<\/jats:sub>\n                      =0.112). During the PWC test, there was no difference between conditions for mean power output (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.213, d\n                      <jats:sub>z<\/jats:sub>\n                      =0.184), with the final power outputs of 28\u2009\u00b1\u20099\u00a0W and 30\u2009\u00b1\u20099\u00a0W for control and cooling conditions, respectively. There were no condition effects for cognitive performance on any measure (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2265\u20090.207, d\n                      <jats:sub>z<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u22640.405). However, foot cooling (+\u200915\u2009\u00b1\u20099\u00a0bpm) reduced increases of heart rate during the PWC test compared to control (+\u200921\u2009\u00b1\u200911\u00a0bpm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.013, d\n                      <jats:sub>z<\/jats:sub>\n                      =0.425).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glabrous skin foot cooling has a relatively small effect on core temperature and PWC, but moderate effects on cognitive performance and heart rate during short duration (~\u20093\u00a0h) mild heat stress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-025-06053-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T12:30:54Z","timestamp":1763469054000},"page":"2193-2207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The potential efficacy of continuous plantar foot cooling during relatively mild simulated occupational heat stress\u2014a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Jason M.","family":"Keeler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlie","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Regester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Molly","family":"Heikkinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blair D.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y. 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