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Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) ingestion can reduce fatigue associated with high-intensity exercise performance by counteracting H\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ion accumulation. The present study aimed to determine the effect of 0.3\u00a0g\u00b7kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>\n                      NaHCO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      mini-tablets in a carbohydrate hydrogel on 40\u00a0km cycling time trial (TT) performance in trained male cyclists in acute hypoxia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fourteen trained male cyclists completed a ramp test to determine VO\n                      <jats:sub>2Peak<\/jats:sub>\n                      . After, in a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study, participants completed three 40\u00a0km cycling TTs (1 x familiarisation, 2 x experimental) in acute hypoxia (16.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2 FiO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). Each experimental TT followed 90\u00a0min after the ingestion of 0.3\u00a0g\u00b7kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>\n                      BM NaHCO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      or an appearance-matched placebo.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After NaHCO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      ingestion, 40\u00a0km cycling TT performance was improved by 1.2% in comparison to placebo (\n                      <jats:italic>t\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20093.84,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02,\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.19). Additionally, NaHCO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      ingestion raised blood pH (\n                      <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200948.47,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, p\u03b7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.79) and blood HCO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200964.13,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, p\u03b7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.84) pre-exercise and throughout the TT. Aggregated gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) were minimal, and did not differ between conditions (NaHCO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      , 110 AU; Placebo, 119 AU;\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.38,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.71,\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.10).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The present study suggests that 0.3\u00a0g\u00b7kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>\n                      NaHCO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      can enhance 40\u00a0km cycling TT performance in acute hypoxia, likely a result of improved buffering capacity. Cyclists competing at altitude could consider the ingestion of this form of NaHCO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      to minimise the deleterious effects of acute hypoxia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-025-06069-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T07:56:54Z","timestamp":1767427014000},"page":"2911-2925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The effect of sodium bicarbonate mini-tablets in a carbohydrate hydrogel on prolonged high-intensity cycling performance and metabolism in acute normobaric hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8889-6420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eli Spencer","family":"Shannon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0910-2225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. 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