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In the first, they performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) until voluntary exhaustion. Within 48\u201372\u00a0h, participants completed a HIIT protocol (7\u2009\u00d7\u20091\u00a0min at 90% peak power output, PPO) on a stationary cycle-ergometer. OCTA assessed retinal blood flow and acute vascular responses at three time points: baseline, immediately post-exercise, and 30\u00a0min post-exercise.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cancer patients attained 31% lower PPO and had four minutes shorter CPET than controls, resulting in lower peak gas exchange values. During HIIT, groups exercised at different training loads (222 vs. 152\u00a0W). OCTAVA software analyzed acute responses in the deep retinal layer, superficial layer, and optic disc. A significant interaction effect was observed mainly in deep and superficial retina (\u03b7\u00b2 ranged from 0.165 to 0.473,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), not in the optic disc. The only significant correlation was between optic disc-derived m. tortuosity and V\u0307O\u2082 peak in cancer patients (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.643,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.024), not controls (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.642).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retinal microvascular reactivity was significantly altered following acute HIIT in patients undergoing chemotherapy, compared to healthy controls. Future research should evaluate chronic HIIT effects and explore the prognostic relevance of ocular microvascular adaptations in cancer care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-025-06072-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T10:35:20Z","timestamp":1764844520000},"page":"2285-2298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Acute effects of high-intensity interval training on retinal microvascular circulation in cancer patients and healthy controls: insight from the optical coherence tomography angiography"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6628-4195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Mendes","family":"Wefelnberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Hubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4450-7351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Freerk T.","family":"Baumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4204-4207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damir","family":"Zubac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"6072_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001419","volume":"37","author":"M Alnawaiseh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alnawaiseh M, Lahme L, Treder M, Rosentreter A, Eter N (2017) Short-term effects of exercise on optic nerve and macular perfusion measured by optical coherence tomography angiography. 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