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CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and relative humidity levels were measured before and after each training session. Physiological variables (heart rate [HR] and SpO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) were monitored and used for comparison between the first and last training sessions. Functional (bench press and squat 1RM) and structural (vastus lateralis thickness) responses were measured before and after the program.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and relative humidity levels were higher in the NHTent (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Compared to NHRoom, NHTent group displayed higher HR (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), lower SpO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.014), greater increases in 1RM (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.011) and lower increases in vastus lateralis thickness (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.06).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings suggest that the CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and relative humidity levels on the hypoxic air breathed during training alter the physiological response to the R\n                      <jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub>\n                      . The harsher environment seems to enhance neuromuscular adaptations but limit hypertrophic responses. Results highlight the need to control environmental factors carefully when simulating NH conditions for training purposes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-026-06135-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T08:19:40Z","timestamp":1770452380000},"page":"3059-3070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of hypoxic air quality on resistance training effect in different normobaric hypoxia environments"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Abril","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Tim\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Feriche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Benavente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulino","family":"Padial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Bonitch-G\u00f3ngora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"P\u00e9rez-Regalado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1881-4566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipa","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"6135_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2012.08.009","volume":"16","author":"A Manimmanakorn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Manimmanakorn A, Hamlin MJ, Ross JJ, Taylor R (2013) Effects of low-load resistance training combined with blood flow restriction or hypoxia on muscle function and performance in netball athletes. 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