{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:13:47Z","timestamp":1786122827603,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Appl Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-026-06240-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T08:51:20Z","timestamp":1778748680000},"page":"4481-4493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Normoxic brain endurance training is associated with cognitive and oculomotor performance during acute hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Suyan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yineng","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianyu","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianhao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2996-8267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dapeng","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"6240_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altb\u00e4cker A, Tak\u00e1cs E, Ir\u00e9n B, Tam\u00e1s K, Istv\u00e1n C, L\u00e1szl\u00f3 B (2019) Differential impact of acute hypoxia on event related potentials: impaired task-irrelevant, but preserved task-relevant processing and response inhibition. Physiol Behav 206:28\u201336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2019.03.022"},{"key":"6240_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13573","volume":"30","author":"S Ando","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ando S, Komiyama T, Sudo M, Higaki Y, Ishida K, Costello JT, Katayama K (2020) The interactive effects of acute exercise and hypoxia on cognitive performance: A narrative review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 30:384\u2013398","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"6240_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.12.003","volume":"18","author":"AR Aron","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aron AR, Robbins TW, Poldrack RA (2014) Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex: one decade on. Trends Cogn Sci 18:177\u2013185","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"6240_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11489","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2348-16.2016","volume":"36","author":"AR Aron","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aron AR, Herz DM, Brown P, Forstmann BU, Zaghloul K (2016) Frontosubthalamic Circuits for Control of Action and Cognition. J Neurosci 36:11489\u201311495","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"6240_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2011.568786","volume":"46","author":"PC Austin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Austin PC (2011) An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies. Multivar Behav Res 46:399\u2013424","journal-title":"Multivar Behav Res"},{"key":"6240_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basner M, David FD (2005) Maximizing sensitivity of the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) to sleep loss. Sleep 34:581\u2013591","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/34.5.581"},{"key":"6240_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106603","volume":"184","author":"PM Bloomfield","year":"2026","unstructured":"Bloomfield PM, Connell CJW, Shaw DM, Fisher J-LFJP, Nicholas Gant (2026) Systematic review and meta-analysis of acute hypoxia and cognition: Domain-specific effects and the role of barometric pressure and carbon dioxide. Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews 184:106603","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"6240_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2008.07.001","volume":"59","author":"MA Boksem","year":"2008","unstructured":"Boksem MA, Tops M (2008) Mental fatigue: costs and benefits. Brain Res Rev 59:125\u2013139","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"6240_CR9","first-page":"48","volume":"12","author":"J Burtscher","year":"2025","unstructured":"Burtscher J, Gatterer H, Beidleman BA, Burtscher M (2025) Dexamethasone for prevention of AMS, HACE, and HAPE and for limiting impairment of performance after rapid ascent to high altitude: a narrative review. Mil Med Res 12:48","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"key":"6240_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen JT, Kuo YC, Hsu TY, Wang CA (2022) Fatigue and arousal modulations revealed by saccade and pupil dynamics. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 19(15):9234","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159234"},{"key":"6240_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn164","volume":"168","author":"SR Cole","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cole SR, Hern\u00e1n MA (2008) Constructing inverse probability weights for marginal structural models. Am J Epidemiol 168:656\u2013664","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"6240_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2020.10.008","volume":"24","author":"N Dallaway","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dallaway N, Lucas SJE, Ring C (2021) Concurrent brain endurance training improves endurance exercise performance. J Sci Med Sport 24:405\u2013411","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"6240_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2022.2153231","volume":"23","author":"N Dallaway","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dallaway N, Lucas S, Marks J, Ring C (2023) Prior brain endurance training improves endurance exercise performance. Eur J Sport Sci 23:1269\u20131278","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"key":"6240_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000004857","volume":"38","author":"N Dallaway","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dallaway N, Mortimer H, Gore A, Ring C (2024) Brain endurance training improves dynamic calisthenic exercise and benefits novel exercise and cognitive performance: evidence of performance enhancement and near transfer of training. J Strength Cond Res 38:1704\u20131713","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"6240_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14457","volume":"33","author":"D de Lima-Junior","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Lima-Junior D, Silva DC, Ferreira MEC, de Sousa Fortes L (2023) Effect of brain endurance training on maximal oxygen uptake, time-to-exhaustion, and inhibitory control in runners. Scand J Med Sci Sports 33:2166\u20132180","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"6240_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Wachter J, Roose M, Proost M, Habay J, Verstraelen M, Bock SD, De Pauw K, Romain M, Jeroen Van C, Bart R (2024) Prefrontal cortex oxygenation during a mentally fatiguing task in normoxia and hypoxia. Exp Brain Res 242:1807\u20131819","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-024-06867-y"},{"key":"6240_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.06.002","volume":"26","author":"J Diaz-Garcia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Diaz-Garcia J, Garcia-Calvo T, Manzano-Rodriguez D, Lopez-Gajardo MA, Parraca JA, Ring C (2023) Brain endurance training improves shot speed and accuracy in grassroots padel players. J Sci Med Sport 26:386\u2013393","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"6240_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.4.1725","volume":"81","author":"SC Gandevia","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gandevia SC (2001) Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue. Physiol Rev 81:1725\u20131789","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"6240_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.4103\/atm.atm_651_20","volume":"16","author":"D Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao D, Wang Y, Zhang R, Zhang Y (2021) Efficacy of acetazolamide for the prophylaxis of acute mountain sickness: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis of randomized clinical trials. Ann Thorac Med 16:337\u2013346","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"6240_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.228890","volume":"590","author":"S Goodall","year":"2012","unstructured":"Goodall S, Gonz\u00e1lez-Alonso Jos\u00e9, Ali L, Ross EZ, and Lee M. Romer (2012) Supraspinal fatigue after normoxic and hypoxic exercise in humans. J Physiol 590:2767\u20132782","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"6240_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00935","volume":"7","author":"C Herff","year":"2014","unstructured":"Herff C, Heger D, Fortmann O, Hennrich J, Putze F, Tanja Schultz (2014) Mental workload during n-back task\u2014quantified in the prefrontal cortex using fNIRS. Front Hum Neurosci 7:935","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"6240_CR22","first-page":"309","volume":"11","author":"R Karayigit","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karayigit R, Eser MC, Sahin FN, Sari C, Sanchez-Gomez A, Dominguez R, Koz M (2022) The Acute Effects of Normobaric Hypoxia on Strength, Muscular Endurance and Cognitive Function: Influence of Dose and Sex. Biology (Basel) 11:309","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"6240_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10000","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10332-y","volume":"7","author":"T Komiyama","year":"2017","unstructured":"Komiyama T, Katayama K, Sudo M, Ishida K, Higaki Y, Ando S (2017) Cognitive function during exercise under severe hypoxia. Sci Rep 7:10000","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6240_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.122319","volume":"336","author":"X Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li X, Zhang J, Liu G, Wu G, Wang R, Zhang J (2024) High altitude hypoxia and oxidative stress: The new hope brought by free radical scavengers. Life Sci 336:122319","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"6240_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.13","volume":"73","author":"KUNG-YEE LIANG","year":"1986","unstructured":"Liang K-Y, Zeger SL (1986) Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika 73:13\u201322","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"6240_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2025.105578","volume":"266","author":"KY Lin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lin KY, Kaan E (2025) How domain-general proactive control modulates the processing of English wh-dependencies: An EEG study. Brain Lang 266:105578","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"key":"6240_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luks AM, Auerbach PS, Freer L, Grissom CK, Keyes LE, McIntosh SE, Rodway GW, Schoene RB, Zafren K, Hackett PH (2019) Wilderness medical society clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of acute altitude illness 2019 Update. Wilderness Environ Med, 30: S3\u2013S18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2019.04.006"},{"key":"6240_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miyake A, Friedman NP, Emerson MJ, Alexander H, Witzki A, Howerter, Tor DW (2000) The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex frontal lobe tasks: a latent variable analysis. Cogn Psychol 41:49\u2013100","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1999.0734"},{"key":"6240_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20170213","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2017.0213","volume":"14","author":"S Nakagawa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nakagawa S, Johnson PCD, Schielzeth H (2017) The coefficient of determination R(2) and intra-class correlation coefficient from generalized linear mixed-effects models revisited and expanded. J R Soc Interface 14:20170213","journal-title":"J R Soc Interface"},{"key":"6240_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9835","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-14146-5","volume":"12","author":"G Ochi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ochi G, Kuwamizu R, Suwabe K, Fukuie T, Hyodo K, Soya H (2022) Cognitive fatigue due to exercise under normobaric hypoxia is related to hypoxemia during exercise. Sci Rep 12:9835","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6240_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244279","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1244279","volume":"14","author":"TE Post","year":"2023","unstructured":"Post TE, Heijn LG, Jordan J, van Gerven JMA (2023) Sensitivity of cognitive function tests to acute hypoxia in healthy subjects: a systematic literature review. Front Physiol 14:1244279","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"6240_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.109813","volume":"116","author":"X Qiu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qiu X, Li L, Wei J, An X, Ampadu JA, Zheng W, Yu C, Peng C, Li X, Cai X (2023) The protective role of Nrf2 on cognitive impairment in chronic intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation mice. Int Immunopharmacol 116:109813","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"6240_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101650","volume":"79","author":"A Raberin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Raberin A, Burtscher J, Connes P, Millet GP (2022) Hypoxia and hemorheological properties in older individuals. Ageing Res Rev 79:101650","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"6240_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez-delaCruz M, Alfredo B-S, Jorge S-I, Pablo A, Javier A-V (2024) Effects of acute hypoxic exposure in simulated altitude in healthy adults on cognitive performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biology 13(10):835","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13100835"},{"key":"6240_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-020-02167-z","volume":"83","author":"KR Ridderinkhof","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ridderinkhof KR, Wylie SA, van den Wildenberg WPM, Bashore TR Jr. (2021) The arrow of time: Advancing insights into action control from the arrow version of the Eriksen flanker task. Atten Percept Psychophys 83:700\u2013721van der","journal-title":"Atten Percept Psychophys"},{"key":"6240_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2013.01.008","volume":"93","author":"JF Schwarz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schwarz JF, Popp R, Haas J, Zulley J, Geisler P, Alpers GW, Osterheider M, Eisenbarth H (2013) Shortened night sleep impairs facial responsiveness to emotional stimuli. Biol Psychol 93:41\u201344","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"6240_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.10.016","volume":"27","author":"W Staiano","year":"2024","unstructured":"Staiano W, Bonet LRS, Romagnoli M, Ring C (2024) Mental fatigue impairs repeated sprint and jump performance in team sport athletes. J Sci Med Sport 27:105\u2013112","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"6240_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2024.08.203","volume":"28","author":"W Staiano","year":"2025","unstructured":"Staiano W, D\u00edaz-Garc\u00eda J, Garc\u00eda-Calvo T, Ring C (2025) Brain endurance training improves soccer-specific technical skills and cognitive performance in fatigued professional soccer players. J Sci Med Sport 28:69\u201376","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"6240_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.3357\/ASEM.3645.2014","volume":"85","author":"J Stepanek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stepanek J, Pradhan GN, Cocco D, Smith BE, Bartlett J, Studer M, Kuhn F, Cevette MJ (2014) Acute hypoxic hypoxia and isocapnic hypoxia effects on oculometric features. Aviat Space Environ Med 85:700\u2013707","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"6240_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(80)90005-5","volume":"12","author":"AM Treisman","year":"1980","unstructured":"Treisman AM, Gelade G (1980) A feature-integration theory of attention. Cogn Psychol 12:97\u2013136","journal-title":"Cogn Psychol"},{"key":"6240_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-018-1432-y","volume":"25","author":"P van der Wel","year":"2018","unstructured":"van der Wel P, van Steenbergen H (2018) Pupil dilation as an index of effort in cognitive control tasks: A review. Psychon Bull Rev 25:2005\u20132015","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"key":"6240_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797612457390","volume":"24","author":"F Verbruggen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Verbruggen F, Chambers CD, Logan GD (2013) Fictitious inhibitory differences: how skewness and slowing distort the estimation of stopping latencies. Psychol Sci 24:352\u2013362","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"6240_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2021.09.014","volume":"476","author":"CA Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang CA, Nguyen KT, Juan CH (2021) Linking Pupil Size Modulated by Global Luminance and Motor Preparation to Saccade Behavior. Neuroscience 476:90\u2013101","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"6240_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-021-00796-3","volume":"37","author":"X Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang X, Cui L, Ji X (2022) Cognitive impairment caused by hypoxia: from clinical evidences to molecular mechanisms. Metab Brain Dis 37:51\u201366","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"6240_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14662","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14662","volume":"30","author":"Y Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Y, Zhang Q, Ma Q, Wang Q, Huang D, Ji X (2024) Intermittent hypoxia preconditioning can attenuate acute hypoxic injury after a sustained normobaric hypoxic exposure: A randomized clinical trial. CNS Neurosci Ther 30:e14662","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"6240_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watson NF, Badr MS, Belenky G, Bliwise DL, Buxton OM, Buysse D, Dinges DF, Gangwisch J, Grandner MA, Kushida C, Malhotra RK, Martin JL, Patel SR, Quan SF, Tasali E, Twery M, Croft JB, Maher E, Barrett JA, Thomas SM, Heald JL (2015) Recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult: a joint consensus statement of the american academy of sleep medicine and sleep research society. J Clin Sleep Med 11:591\u2013592","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.4758"},{"key":"6240_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2024.101940","volume":"76","author":"LN W\u00fcst","year":"2024","unstructured":"W\u00fcst LN, Capdevila NC, Lane LT, Reichert CF, Lasauskaite R (2024) Impact of one night of sleep restriction on sleepiness and cognitive function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 76:101940","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"6240_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22746","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-49431-4","volume":"13","author":"A Zani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zani A, Crotti N, Marzorati M, Senerchia A, Proverbio AM (2023) Acute hypoxia alters visuospatial attention orienting: an electrical neuroimaging study. Sci Rep 13:22746","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6240_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-023-02885-x","volume":"476","author":"G Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang G, Yang G, Zhou Y, Cao Z, Yin M, Ma L, Fan M, Zhao YQ, Zhu L (2024) Intermittent hypoxia training effectively protects against cognitive decline caused by acute hypoxia exposure. Pflugers Arch 476:197\u2013210","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00421-026-06240-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00421-026-06240-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00421-026-06240-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T12:21:51Z","timestamp":1786105311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00421-026-06240-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["6240"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-026-06240-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1439-6319","1439-6327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1439-6319","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-6327","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Beijing Sport University Ethics Committee (Approval No. 2025511 H). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written, voluntary informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to participation.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable. No copyrighted material was reproduced in this manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}