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We aimed to compare sensory and physiological responses to exercise between smokers with PRISm and matched healthy controls. Patients with mild-to-moderate COPD were included as a reference group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, smokers (&gt;\u200910 pack-years) from a specialized outpatient clinic were evaluated. Thirteen participants (11 females; 62.4\u2009\u00b1\u20097.7\u00a0years) with PRISm and 13 age- and sex-matched patients with mild-to-moderate COPD (FEV\u2081\/FVC\u2009&lt;\u20090.7; FEV\u2081\u2009&gt;\u200950% predicted) underwent incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a cycle ergometer. Data from healthy nonsmoking controls were obtained from previous studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PRISm and COPD groups had similarly reduced FEV\u2081 (~\u200972% predicted) compared to controls (97%\u00a0predicted), whereas FVC was lower in PRISm (73%\u00a0predicted) than in COPD and controls (~\u200995%\u00a0predicted). Both patient groups showed higher ventilation, reduced ventilatory reserve, and greater dyspnoea at a given submaximal workload versus controls. Increased tidal volume\/inspiratory capacity ratios were also observed, contributing to greater dyspnoea for a given ventilation and lower peak work rate (42\u2009\u00b1\u200916 vs. 68\u2009\u00b1\u200911 vs. 94\u2009\u00b1\u200917% predicted, respectively; all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Smokers with PRISm exhibit increased dyspnoea and reduced exercise tolerance compared to healthy controls, largely driven by excessive ventilatory demand and reduced ventilatory capacity during submaximal exercise.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-026-06244-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T12:19:18Z","timestamp":1780748358000},"page":"4567-4579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mechanisms of dyspnoea and exercise intolerance in smokers with preserved ratio impaired spirometry"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5729-8019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Scussel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalia Galvagni","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artur Zanelatto","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Corr\u00eaa de Barros","family":"Trombin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda Calage","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Litiele Evelin","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marli Maria","family":"Knorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dave","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danilo Cortozi","family":"Berton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"6244_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00239-2023","author":"A Agust\u00ed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Agust\u00ed A, Celli BR, Criner GJ, Halpin D, Anzueto A, Barnes P, Bourbeau J, Han MK, Martinez FJ, Montes de Oca M, Mortimer K, Papi A, Pavord I, Roche N, Salvi S, Sin DD, Singh D, Stockley R, L\u00f3pez Varela MV, Wedzicha JA, Vogelmeier CF (2023a) Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease 2023 report: GOLD executive summary. 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Dave Singh has received sponsorship to attend and speak at international meetings, honoraria for lecturing or attending advisory boards from the following companies: Adovate, Almirall, Anaveon, Apogee, Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Arrowhead, AstraZeneca, Belenos Biosciences, Bial, Celldex, Chiesi, Cipla, CONNECT Biopharm, Covis, DevPro Biopharma LCC, Elpen, Empirico, EpiEndo, Generate Biomedicines, GlaxoSmithKline, Glenmark, Jasper, Kinaset Therapeutics, KOLON, Kymera, Lupin, Melodia, Menarini, MicroA, OM Pharma, OrientEuroPharma, Recipharm, Revolo, RIGImmune Inc, Roche, Roivant Sciences, Sanofi, Sitryx, Synairgen, Tetherex, UCB, Upstream, Verona Pharma, Winward, Zura Bio, Zymeworks. Danilo Berton has received honoraria for lecturing from the following companies: Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}