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However, it remains unclear whether adiposity influences the BP-lowering response to isometric exercise training (IET). This randomised-controlled trial explored the impact of body mass index on BP and cardiovascular adaptation following IET.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>80 participants with normal to high-normal systolic BP (range 120-140 mmHg) were recruited for the study. Participants were randomised into two BMI groups: normal BMI (18.5\u201324.9 kg\/m\u00b2; n=40) and high BMI (25-34.9 kg\/m\u00b2; n=40) and then either performed home-based lower-body IET, 3 times per week, for 4 weeks (each session comprised 4 x 2-minute bouts), or were allocated to the control group. Cardiovascular variables, including BP, total peripheral resistance (TPR), and heart rate variability (HRV), were measured at rest pre- and post-intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, there were significant reductions in systolic BP, diastolic BP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the IET group compared to control. However, the normal-BMI group had significantly greater reductions in diastolic BP (\u2013 8.5 [\u2013 11.8, \u2013 5.3] mmHg) and MAP (\u2013 9.2 [\u2013 11.9, \u2013 6.6] mmHg) compared to the high-BMI group (dBP: \u2013 2.6 [\u2013 6.2, 1.1]; MAP: -4.7 [\u2013 7.6, \u2013 1.8]). Although TPR was significantly greater in the high-BMI group at week 4 (p=0.022), it was also elevated at baseline, and change-score analyses revealed no significant between-group difference in the magnitude of TPR reduction (\u0394 p=0.964).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings indicate that BMI may modulate the BP-lowering response to IET, suggesting that individuals with higher BMI may require adjunctive or prolonged interventions to optimise BP reduction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-026-06248-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:22:35Z","timestamp":1777382555000},"page":"4215-4227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of body mass index on blood pressure and cardiovascular adaptation to isometric exercise training\u00a0"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Harry T.","family":"Swift","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher K.","family":"Farmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7790-8063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Wiles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"6248_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200434050-00003","volume":"34","author":"SL Bacon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bacon SL, Sherwood A, Hinderliter A, Blumenthal JA (2004) Effects of exercise, diet and weight loss on high blood pressure. 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