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Exercise bouts included a 22-min warm-up, then 4-sets of 5\u2009\u00d7\u20096-sec maximal-effort standing cycling sprints. Core temperature (Tc) was measured at baseline, end of warm-up, after set two of sprints, and post-exercise bouts. Urine and plasma collected pre-ingestion and pre-, post-, and 1-h post-exercise were analyzed for markers of AKI risk, AGI, and endotoxemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SB increased peak (average difference between conditions: 21\u2009\u00b1\u200911\u00a0W, condition effect:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02) and average (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03) power across the sprints. Tc increased from pre- to post-exercise (placebo: \u03941.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u00a0\u00b0C, SB: \u03941.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4\u00a0\u00b0C, time effect:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), but there were no effects of condition or interaction. Exercise increased the primary marker of AKI (urinary IGFBP7\u00d7TIMP-2, time effect:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005) but not urinary NGAL. There were no condition or interaction effects for either AKI marker. Plasma I-FABP, a marker of AGI, increased post-exercise bouts (placebo: \u0394291\u2009\u00b1\u2009550 pg\/mL, SB: \u0394397\u2009\u00b1\u2009482 pg\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03), with no condition or interaction effects. There were no significant effects for markers of endotoxemia (LBP, sCD14).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SB supplementation improves repeat sprint performance in the heat without altering Tc, markers of AKI risk, or markers of AGI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-026-06266-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T10:23:21Z","timestamp":1778754201000},"page":"4253-4267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of sodium bicarbonate on performance and markers of kidney and gastrointestinal injury during repeated sprints in the heat"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3443-1368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan W.","family":"Specht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Raef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mackenzie","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1800-3969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyssa R.","family":"Bailly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Oscar","family":"Chavez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozan","family":"Kumbasar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade X.","family":"Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Apodaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Whitley C.","family":"Atkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1963-982X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1vio","family":"de Castro Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1346-4982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason","family":"Siegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2936-4484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiano T.","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"6266_CR1","volume-title":"ACSM\u2019s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription, Eleventh edition","year":"2021","unstructured":"American College of Sports Medicine (2021) In: Liguori G, Feito Y et al (eds) ACSM\u2019s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription, Eleventh edition. 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