{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:15:10Z","timestamp":1791234910407,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Appl Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The aims of this study were to investigate gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle properties in male academy soccer players (ASP) and age- and sex-matched control participants (CON); and to explore the relationships between GM characteristics and jump performance. Thirty-four participants (ASP,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200922, age 18.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4\u00a0years, height 1.82\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08\u00a0m, mass 75.1\u2009\u00b1\u20095.9\u00a0kg; and CON,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200912, 22.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9\u00a0years, 1.75\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05\u00a0m, 71.6\u2009\u00b1\u20097.4\u00a0kg) completed the following assessments: ultrasound measurements of GM anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA), volume, muscle thickness (MT), fascicle pennation angle (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b8<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and fascicle length (\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>f<\/jats:sub>\n                    ); isokinetic dynamometry measurements of isometric plantar flexion and dorsiflexion maximum voluntary torque; and unilateral and bilateral, vertical and horizontal, countermovement jumps (CMJ), and bilateral drop jumps on a force platform.\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b8<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                    (17.4\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5\u00b0 vs. 14.3\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2\u00b0,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001); unilateral horizontal CMJ peak power (30.14\u2009\u00b1\u20093.53 vs. 23.18\u2009\u00b1\u20093.72\u00a0W kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>\n                    ); and projectile range during unilateral (104\u2009\u00b1\u200916 vs. 89\u2009\u00b1\u200912\u00a0cm,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.006) and bilateral (140\u2009\u00b1\u200914 vs. 129\u2009\u00b1\u200914\u00a0cm,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.041) horizontal CMJ were greater in ASP vs. CON. In ASP alone,\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>f<\/jats:sub>\n                    correlated\n                    <jats:italic>inversely<\/jats:italic>\n                    with vertical CMJ performance but\n                    <jats:italic>positively<\/jats:italic>\n                    with horizontal CMJ performance (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009\u2265\u20090.200,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.042). Conversely,\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b8<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                    correlated\n                    <jats:italic>positively<\/jats:italic>\n                    with vertical CMJ performance but\n                    <jats:italic>inversely<\/jats:italic>\n                    with horizontal CMJ performance (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009\u2265\u20090.194,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.044). In CON only, ACSA, MT, volume and\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>f<\/jats:sub>\n                    all correlated\n                    <jats:italic>inversely<\/jats:italic>\n                    with vertical CMJ performance (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009\u2265\u20090.366,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.037). The opposing\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b8<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>f<\/jats:sub>\n                    correlations with vertical and horizontal CMJ jump performance in ASP suggest GM architecture influences CMJ performance in a direction-specific manner in this population, while the different correlation patterns between ASP and CON suggest that GM architecture contributes to CMJ performance differently in these two populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-026-06311-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:36:50Z","timestamp":1782729410000},"page":"5129-5143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Gastrocnemius medialis muscle architecture and its relationship with countermovement jump performance differ between male academy soccer players and control participants"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"David C.","family":"Robshaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conall F.","family":"Murtagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Drust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5705-0207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert M.","family":"Erskine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"6311_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.t01-1-00613.x","volume":"534","author":"P Aagaard","year":"2001","unstructured":"Aagaard P, Andersen JL, Dyhre-Poulsen P, Leffers AM, Wagner A, Peter Magnusson S, Simonsen EB (2001) A mechanism for increased contractile strength of human pennate muscle in response to strength training: changes in muscle architecture. 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