{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T06:52:13Z","timestamp":1791096733244,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Appl Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-026-06318-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:41:02Z","timestamp":1782729662000},"page":"5185-5195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age-dependent effects of aerobic training on cardiac expression of Akt1, mTOR, and CITED4 in immature, young-adult, and middle-aged rat myocardium"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7446-3182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pouria","family":"Haji Asiabani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9548-2035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agha Ali","family":"Ghasemnian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5016-5183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akram","family":"Karimi Asl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2695-8850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexei","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"6318_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2015.05.008","volume":"74","author":"P Abeyrathna","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abeyrathna P, Su Y (2015) The critical role of Akt in cardiovascular function. Vascul Pharmacol 74:38\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vph.2015.05.008","journal-title":"Vascul Pharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"6318_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.15563","volume":"332","author":"FB Ahmad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahmad FB, Cisewski JA, Anderson RN (2024) Leading Causes of Death in the US, 2019\u20132023. JAMA 332(12):957\u2013958. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2024.15563","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"6318_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1113\/jp275339","volume":"596","author":"Y Asif","year":"2018","unstructured":"Asif Y, Wlodek ME, Black MJ, Russell AP, Soeding PF, Wadley GD (2018) Sustained cardiac programming by short-term juvenile exercise training in male rats. J Physiol 596(2):163\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jp275339","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"6318_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046114","volume":"7","author":"DL Barretti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barretti DL, Magalh\u00e3es FC, Fernandes T, do Carmo EC, Rosa KT, Irigoyen MC, Negr\u00e3o CE, Oliveira EM (2012) Effects of aerobic exercise training on cardiac renin-angiotensin system in an obese Zucker rat strain. PLoS One 7(10):e46114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0046114","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"6318_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.85904","author":"VJ Bezzerides","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bezzerides VJ, Platt C, Lerchenm\u00fcller C, Paruchuri K, Oh NL, Xiao C, Cao Y, Mann N, Spiegelman BM, Rosenzweig A (2016) CITED4 induces physiologic hypertrophy and promotes functional recovery after ischemic injury. JCI Insight. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.85904","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"7","key":"6318_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.11.036","volume":"143","author":"P Bostr\u00f6m","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bostr\u00f6m P, Mann N, Wu J, Quintero PA, Plovie ER, Pan\u00e1kov\u00e1 D, Gupta RK, Xiao C, MacRae CA, Rosenzweig A, Spiegelman BM (2010a) C\/EBP\u03b2 controls exercise-induced cardiac growth and protects against pathological cardiac remodeling. Cell 143(7):1072\u20131083. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2010.11.036","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"32","key":"6318_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5684","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612811319320004","volume":"19","author":"S Boudina","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boudina S (2013) Cardiac aging and insulin resistance: could insulin\/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling be used as a therapeutic target? Curr Pharm des 19(32):5684\u20135694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1381612811319320004","journal-title":"Curr Pharm des"},{"issue":"1","key":"6318_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01153-1","volume":"7","author":"H Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen H, Chen C, Spanos M, Li G, Lu R, Bei Y, Xiao J (2022) Exercise training maintains cardiovascular health: signaling pathways involved and potential therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 7(1):306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-022-01153-1","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"6318_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2011.4179","volume":"16","author":"DF Dai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dai DF, Chen T, Johnson SC, Szeto H, Rabinovitch PS (2012a) Cardiac aging: from molecular mechanisms to significance in human health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 16(12):1492\u20131526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ars.2011.4179","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"issue":"8","key":"6318_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.111.246140","volume":"110","author":"DF Dai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dai DF, Rabinovitch PS, Ungvari Z (2012b) Mitochondria and cardiovascular aging. Circ Res 110(8):1109\u20131124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circresaha.111.246140","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"17","key":"6318_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.105.595231","volume":"113","author":"B DeBosch","year":"2006","unstructured":"DeBosch B, Treskov I, Lupu TS, Weinheimer C, Kovacs A, Courtois M, Muslin AJ (2006) Akt1 is required for physiological cardiac growth. Circulation 113(17):2097\u20132104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.105.595231","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"6318_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03635-y","volume":"5","author":"RA Eder","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eder RA, van den Boomen M, Yurista SR, Rodriguez-Aviles YG, Islam MR, Chen YI, Trager L, Coll-Font J, Cheng L, Li H, Rosenzweig A, Wrann CD, Nguyen CT (2022) Exercise-induced CITED4 expression is necessary for regional remodeling of cardiac microstructural tissue helicity. Commun Biol 5(1):656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-022-03635-y","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"6318_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.17179\/excli2021-4072","volume":"20","author":"A Ghasemi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ghasemi A, Jeddi S, Kashfi K (2021) The laboratory rat: age and body weight matter. Excli j 20:1431\u20131445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17179\/excli2021-4072","journal-title":"Excli j"},{"issue":"1","key":"6318_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0708473","volume":"359","author":"PD Gluckman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gluckman PD, Hanson MA, Cooper C, Thornburg KL (2008) Effect of in utero and early-life conditions on adult health and disease. N Engl J Med 359(1):61\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra0708473","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"6318_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra072139","volume":"358","author":"JA Hill","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hill JA, Olson EN (2008) Cardiac plasticity. N Engl J Med 358(13):1370\u20131380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra072139","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7432","key":"6318_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11861","volume":"493","author":"SC Johnson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Johnson SC, Rabinovitch PS, Kaeberlein M (2013) mTOR is a key modulator of ageing and age-related disease. Nature 493(7432):338\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature11861","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"6318_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1013749806227","volume":"7","author":"DA Kass","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kass DA (2002) Age-related changes in venticular-arterial coupling: pathophysiologic implications. Heart Fail Rev 7(1):51\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1013749806227","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"6318_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21197","volume":"214","author":"OJ Kemi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kemi OJ, Ceci M, Wisloff U, Grimaldi S, Gallo P, Smith GL, Condorelli G, Ellingsen O (2008) Activation or inactivation of cardiac Akt\/mTOR signaling diverges physiological from pathological hypertrophy. J Cell Physiol 214(2):316\u2013321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcp.21197","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"48","key":"6318_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47622","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M305909200","volume":"278","author":"YK Kim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kim YK, Kim SJ, Yatani A, Huang Y, Castelli G, Vatner DE, Liu J, Zhang Q, Diaz G, Zieba R, Thaisz J, Drusco A, Croce C, Sadoshima J, Condorelli G, Vatner SF (2003) Mechanism of enhanced cardiac function in mice with hypertrophy induced by overexpressed Akt. J Biol Chem 278(48):47622\u201347628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M305909200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5 Pt B","key":"6318_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2017.08.029","volume":"1864","author":"WS Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee WS, Kim J (2018) Insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling in cardiac aging. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta (BBA) \u2013 Mol Basis Dis 1864(5 Pt B):1931\u20131938. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2017.08.029","journal-title":"Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta (BBA) \u2013 Mol Basis Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"6318_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.119.315881","volume":"127","author":"C Lerchenm\u00fcller","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lerchenm\u00fcller C, Rabolli CP, Yeri A, Kitchen R, Salvador AM, Liu LX, Ziegler O, Danielson K, Platt C, Shah R, Damilano F, Kundu P, Riechert E, Katus HA, Saffitz JE, Keshishian H, Carr SA, Bezzerides VJ, Das S, Rosenzweig A (2020) CITED4 protects against adverse remodeling in response to physiological and pathological stress. Circ Res 127(5):631\u2013646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circresaha.119.315881","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"6318_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-013-2685-9","volume":"113","author":"Z Ma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ma Z, Qi J, Meng S, Wen B, Zhang J (2013) Swimming exercise training-induced left ventricular hypertrophy involves microRNAs and synergistic regulation of the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway. Eur J Appl Physiol 113(10):2473\u20132486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-013-2685-9","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6318_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x20187830","volume":"52","author":"G Manzanares","year":"2018","unstructured":"Manzanares G, Brito-da-Silva G, Gandra PG (2018) Voluntary wheel running: patterns and physiological effects in mice. Braz J Med Biol Res 52(1):e7830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1414-431x20187830","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"6318_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-022-00806-6","volume":"20","author":"TG Martin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Martin TG, Juarros MA, Leinwand LA (2023) Regression of cardiac hypertrophy in health and disease: mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Nat Rev Cardiol 20(5):347\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41569-022-00806-6","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"6318_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000001303","volume":"151","author":"SS Martin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Martin SS, Aday AW, Allen NB, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, Baker-Smith CM, Bansal N, Beaton AZ, Commodore-Mensah Y, Currie ME, Elkind MSV, Fan W, Generoso G, Gibbs BB, Heard DG, Hiremath S, Johansen MC, Kazi DS, Ko D, Leppert MH, Magnani JW, Michos ED, Mussolino ME, Parikh NI, Perman SM, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Shah NS, Springer MV, St-Onge MP, Thacker EL, Urbut SM, Van Spall HGC, Voeks JH, Whelton SP, Wong ND, Wong SS, Yaffe K, Palaniappan LP (2025) 2025 heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global data from the American Heart Association. Circulation 151(8):e41\u2013e660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/cir.0000000000001303","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"21","key":"6318_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12355","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1934654100","volume":"100","author":"JR McMullen","year":"2003","unstructured":"McMullen JR, Shioi T, Zhang L, Tarnavski O, Sherwood MC, Kang PM, Izumo S (2003) Phosphoinositide 3-kinase(p110alpha) plays a critical role for the induction of physiological, but not pathological, cardiac hypertrophy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100(21):12355\u201312360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1934654100","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"2","key":"6318_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0606663104","volume":"104","author":"JR McMullen","year":"2007","unstructured":"McMullen JR, Amirahmadi F, Woodcock EA, Schinke-Braun M, Bouwman RD, Hewitt KA, Mollica JP, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Shioi T, Buerger A, Izumo S, Jay PY, Jennings GL (2007) Protective effects of exercise and phosphoinositide 3-kinase(p110alpha) signaling in dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104(2):612\u2013617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0606663104","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"7","key":"6318_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0007-y","volume":"15","author":"M Nakamura","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nakamura M, Sadoshima J (2018) Mechanisms of physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Nat Rev Cardiol 15(7):387\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41569-018-0007-y","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"6318_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2018.1179","author":"O Palabiyik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Palabiyik O, Tastekin E, Doganlar ZB, Tayfur P, Dogan A, Vardar SA (2019) Alteration in cardiac PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR and ERK signaling pathways with the use of growth hormone and swimming, and the roles of miR21 and miR133. Biomed Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/br.2018.1179","journal-title":"Biomed Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"6318_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1113\/jp275993","volume":"596","author":"D Perkins","year":"2018","unstructured":"Perkins D, Dawkins T, Stembridge M (2018) Early exercise for lifelong benefit: sustained cardiac programming in rats and the potential translation to humans. J Physiol 596(7):1135\u20131136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jp275993","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"6020","key":"6318_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1200708","volume":"331","author":"ER Porrello","year":"2011","unstructured":"Porrello ER, Mahmoud AI, Simpson E, Hill JA, Richardson JA, Olson EN, Sadek HA (2011) Transient regenerative potential of the neonatal mouse heart. Science 331(6020):1078\u20131080. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1200708","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"6318_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.115.305250","volume":"118","author":"J Roh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roh J, Rhee J, Chaudhari V, Rosenzweig A (2016) The role of exercise in cardiac aging: from physiology to molecular mechanisms. Circ Res 118(2):279\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circresaha.115.305250","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"6318_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.02.004","volume":"168","author":"RA Saxton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saxton RA, Sabatini DM (2017) mTOR signaling in growth, metabolism, and disease. Cell 168(6):960\u2013976. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2017.02.004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"6318_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1249\/jes.0000000000000290","volume":"50","author":"EE Schmitt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schmitt EE, McNair BD, Polson SM, Cook RF, Bruns DR (2022) Mechanisms of exercise-induced cardiac remodeling differ between young and aged hearts. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 50(3):137\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/jes.0000000000000290","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"6318_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.114.302022","volume":"114","author":"S Sciarretta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sciarretta S, Volpe M, Sadoshima J (2014) Mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in cardiac physiology and disease. Circ Res 114(3):549\u2013564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circresaha.114.302022","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"6318_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.117.311147","volume":"122","author":"S Sciarretta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sciarretta S, Forte M, Frati G, Sadoshima J (2018) New insights into the role of mTOR signaling in the cardiovascular system. Circ Res 122(3):489\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circresaha.117.311147","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"6318_CR37","first-page":"624","volume":"4","author":"P Sengupta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sengupta P (2013) The laboratory rat: relating its age with human\u2019s. Int J Prev Med 4(6):624\u2013630","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"6318_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13201683","author":"Y Song","year":"2024","unstructured":"Song Y, Spurlock B, Liu J, Qian L (2024) Cardiac aging in the multi-omics era: high-throughput sequencing insights. Cells. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells13201683","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"6318_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11082282","author":"SK Sudakov","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sudakov SK, Alekseeva EV, Nazarova GA, Bashkatova VG (2021) Age-related individual behavioural characteristics of adult wistar rats. Animals (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani11082282","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"6318_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C166","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00021.2020","volume":"319","author":"E Tracy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tracy E, Rowe G, LeBlanc AJ (2020) Cardiac tissue remodeling in healthy aging: the road to pathology. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 319(1):C166-c182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00021.2020","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6318_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04083-1","volume":"9","author":"A Vujic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vujic A, Lerchenm\u00fcller C, Wu T-D, Guillermier C, Rabolli CP, Gonzalez E, Senyo SE, Liu X, Guerquin-Kern J-L, Steinhauser ML, Lee RT, Rosenzweig A (2018a) Exercise induces new cardiomyocyte generation in the adult mammalian heart. Nat Commun 9(1):1659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-04083-1","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"6318_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2014.08.013","volume":"36","author":"K Watson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Watson K, Baar K (2014) mTOR and the health benefits of exercise. Semin Cell Dev Biol 36:130\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semcdb.2014.08.013","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6318_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1161\/circheartfailure.112.966622","volume":"5","author":"KL Weeks","year":"2012","unstructured":"Weeks KL, Gao X, Du XJ, Boey EJ, Matsumoto A, Bernardo BC, Kiriazis H, Cemerlang N, Tan JW, Tham YK, Franke TF, Qian H, Bogoyevitch MA, Woodcock EA, Febbraio MA, Gregorevic P, McMullen JR (2012) Phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110\u03b1 is a master regulator of exercise-induced cardioprotection and PI3K gene therapy rescues cardiac dysfunction. Circ Heart Fail 5(4):523\u2013534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circheartfailure.112.966622","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"6318_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-4304-8_12","volume":"1000","author":"KL Weeks","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weeks KL, Bernardo BC, Ooi JYY, Patterson NL, McMullen JR (2017) The IGF1-PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in mediating exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy and protection. Adv Exp Med Biol 1000:187\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-10-4304-8_12","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6318_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2012.01.006","volume":"54","author":"RB Weiner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Weiner RB, Baggish AL (2012) Exercise-induced cardiac remodeling. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 54(5):380\u2013386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcad.2012.01.006","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"6318_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.118.312497","volume":"123","author":"W Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang W, Song M, Qu J, Liu GH (2018) Epigenetic modifications in cardiovascular aging and diseases. Circ Res 123(7):773\u2013786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circresaha.118.312497","journal-title":"Circ Res"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00421-026-06318-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00421-026-06318-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00421-026-06318-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T06:02:33Z","timestamp":1791093753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00421-026-06318-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["6318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-026-06318-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1439-6319","1439-6327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1439-6319","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-6327","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All experimental protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Zanjan University (Ethics Code: IR.ZNU.REC.1404.001) and conducted in accordance with the NIH guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}