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For endurance exercise, these effects are intensity-dependent. In contrast, the role of exercise intensity in resistance exercise (RE) and its contribution to immune modulation remains less understood. This randomised crossover trial aims to compare the acute effects of High-Intensity Interval Resistance Exercise (HIIRE) versus Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise (LIRE) on routine clinical cellular inflammatory markers\u2014neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII)\u2014in 24 healthy, RE-trained young men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Measurements were taken at baseline (T\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), immediately post-exercise (T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), and 45\u00a0min post-exercise (T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). It was hypothesised that HIIRE would elicit a significantly greater increase in NLR, PLR, and SII from baseline (T\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) to post-exercise (T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      and T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) compared to LIRE.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Baseline-adjusted ANCOVAs revealed significant interactions for cellular inflammatory markers (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.072; NLR:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.217; PLR:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.147; SII:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.204). Post hoc analyses locate this difference for NLR, PLR, and SII 45\u00a0min post-exercise, with greater increases of HIIRE.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results suggest a complex immune response involving pro-inflammatory signalling and immune cell redistribution induced by acute RE, with intensity being a main driver. This underscores the pivotal role of intensity in modulating acute immune responses to RE, with potential implications for exercise prescription targeting inflammatory processes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-026-06337-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T10:13:31Z","timestamp":1784196811000},"page":"5579-5594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Intensity matters: high-intensity interval resistance exercise induces greater immune activation than low-intensity resistance exercise 45 min post-workout"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1003-5912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Fabritius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9900-9622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Ri\u00dfmayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0833-4367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Ringleb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niklas","family":"Joisten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1786-8853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilhelm","family":"Bloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6419-0751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Finn","family":"Dreisigacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4240-2588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Javelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"6337_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/CELLS10051269","author":"J Arasa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arasa J, Collado-diaz V, Halin C (2021) Structure and immune function of afferent lymphatics and their mechanistic contribution to dendritic cell and T cell trafficking. 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