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This study aimed to assess the magnitude of pulmonary function changes and the associated risks of airway damage induced by such a race.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirteen volunteers completed the MUM (330\u00a0km, 24,000\u00a0m elevation gain). Pulmonary function was assessed using standardized procedures before (pre-) and within 1\u00a0h after (post-) the race. Assessments included forced inhalation and exhalation maneuvers, as well as maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) measurements. Venous blood samples were collected for the analysis of plasma club cell secretory protein 16 (CC16). Blood volume was determined using the carbon monoxide rebreathing method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From pre- to post-, forced vital capacity (FVC) (-7.5%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), forced expiratory volume in 1\u00a0s (FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) (-12.2%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002) and peak expiratory flow (-10.4%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.016) were reduced. MIP decreased by 14.5% (104\u2009\u00b1\u200929 vs. 90\u2009\u00b1\u200926 cmH\u2082O,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005). CC16 levels remained unchanged, even after normalization for plasma volume changes (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.929). Slope ratio and \u03b2-angle of the maximal expiratory flow-volume curve changes were not significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.101 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.055, respectively). Significant relationships showed that greater decreases in FVC (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.60,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.026) and FEV\u2081 (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.62,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018) were associated with faster MUM completion times.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The acute negative impact of MUM on pulmonary function has been confirmed. The extent of this impairment appears to be proportional to race duration. Biomarker analysis suggests that airway epithelial integrity remains preserved. The reduced pulmonary function could be due to respiratory muscle fatigue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-026-06349-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T10:43:27Z","timestamp":1784630607000},"page":"5595-5605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lung function decline after mountain ultra-marathon is accompanied by reduced inspiratory pressure but not by detectable changes in CC16"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5032-8301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Raberin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bastien","family":"Krumm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Citherlet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guia","family":"Tagliapietra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadej","family":"Debevec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Pialoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gr\u00e9goire P.","family":"Millet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"6349_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.166.4.518","volume":"166","author":"American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society","year":"2002","unstructured":"American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society (2002) ATS\/ERS Statement on respiratory muscle testing. 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