{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T16:59:01Z","timestamp":1788454741129,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Youth Medical Science and Technology Innovation Project of Xuzhou Health Commission","award":["XWKYHT20210577"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XWKYHT20210577"]}]},{"name":"Paired Assistance Scientific Research Project by The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University","award":["FXJDBF2024204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FXJDBF2024204"]}]},{"name":"Paired Assistance Scientific Research Project by The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University","award":["FXJDBF2024204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FXJDBF2024204"]}]},{"name":"Construction Project of High Level Hospital of Jiangsu Province","award":["GSPJS202515"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GSPJS202515"]}]},{"name":"the Medical Technology Innovation Project of Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission","award":["XWKYHT20230072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XWKYHT20230072"]}]},{"name":"Advanced Program of The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University","award":["PYJH2025203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PYJH2025203"]}]},{"name":"65th Batch of General Project Funding of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["2019M651966"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019M651966"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of Medical Science and Technology Innovation Project of Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission","award":["XWKYHT20230055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XWKYHT20230055"]}]},{"name":"Pengcheng Talents - Medical Youth Reserve Talents of Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission","award":["XWRCHT20220035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XWRCHT20220035"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Langenbecks Arch Surg"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-026-03997-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T21:35:38Z","timestamp":1771882538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Incidence and risk factors for fixation failure of femoral neck fractures in adults: a single-center multifactorial analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"411","author":[{"given":"Shuo","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heng-Heng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JiaChuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shang","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"3997_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02701-1","volume":"16","author":"J Sundkvist","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sundkvist J, Br\u00fcggeman A, Sayed-Noor A, M\u00f6ller M, Wolf O, Mukka S (2021) Epidemiology, classification, treatment, and mortality of adult femoral neck and basicervical fractures: an observational study of 40,049 fractures from the Swedish fracture register. J Orthop Surg 16:561","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg"},{"key":"3997_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.5371\/hp.2020.32.4.170","volume":"32","author":"J-I Yoo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yoo J-I, Cha Y, Kwak J, Kim H-Y, Choy W-S (2020) Review on basicervical femoral neck fracture: Definition, treatments, and failures. Hip Pelvis 32:170\u2013181","journal-title":"Hip Pelvis"},{"key":"3997_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.02.009","volume":"49","author":"Y-K Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee Y-K, Yoon B-H, Hwang JS, Cha Y-H, Kim K-C, Koo K-H (2018) Risk factors of fixation failure in basicervical femoral neck fracture: which device is optimal for fixation? Injury 49:691\u2013696","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3997_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230949902110033","DOI":"10.1177\/23094990211003344","volume":"29","author":"MS Dekhne","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dekhne MS, Thomas HM, Haider T, Mortensen S, Rodriguez EK, Weaver MJ et al (2021) Treatment and outcomes of basicervical femoral neck fractures: A systematic review. J Orthop Surg Hong Kong 29:23094990211003344","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Hong Kong"},{"key":"3997_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hammond B, Olson D, Ganta A, Konda SR, Aggarwal V, Egol KA (2025) Impact of surgeon subspecialty on outcome following hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture. J Arthroplasty 2026;41(3):776\u2013780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.07.034"},{"key":"3997_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24312","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOSGlobal-D-24-00312","volume":"9","author":"MJ Gouzoulis","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gouzoulis MJ, Vasudevan RS, Kaszuba SV, Seddio AE, Rubin LE, Grauer JN et al (2025) Femoral neck fractures: incidence, reasons, and risk factors of conversion from hemiarthroplasty to total hip arthroplasty. JAAOS Glob Res Rev 9:e24312","journal-title":"JAAOS Glob Res Rev"},{"key":"3997_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/BLO.0b013e3180325a42","volume":"458","author":"MJ Parker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Parker MJ, Raghavan R, Gurusamy K (2007) Incidence of fracture-healing complications after femoral neck fractures. Clin Orthop 458:175\u2013179","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"3997_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-04873-y","volume":"19","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Li G, Tian Z, Cao C, Qiu C, Li X (2024) Clinical value and risk factors of compression supporting screwsin patients with femoral neck fractures. J Orthop Surg 19:581","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg"},{"key":"3997_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-024-03956-0","volume":"34","author":"SD Scattergood","year":"2024","unstructured":"Scattergood SD, Berry AL, Flannery O, Burdon A, Mitchell SR, Fletcher JWA (2024) Low avascular necrosis rates in femoral neck fractures: efficacy of cannulated screw fixation. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol Orthop Traumatol 34:2565\u20132571","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"3997_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.10.010","volume":"46","author":"GP Slobogean","year":"2015","unstructured":"Slobogean GP, Sprague SA, Scott T, Bhandari M (2015) Complications following young femoral neck fractures. Injury 46:484\u2013491","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3997_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-025-05972-0","volume":"20","author":"M Wen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wen M, Wang S, Wang L, Wang Y, Dai S, Liu W et al (2025) Femoral neck system versus cannulated screws combined with medial plate for femoral neck fractures in young and middle-aged patients: a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Surg 20:559","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg"},{"key":"3997_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215145932513305","DOI":"10.1177\/21514593251330580","volume":"16","author":"K-T Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen K-T, Lu H-T, Lee C-H, Wu M-H (2025) Outcomes of headed and headless cannulated screws fixation in nondisplaced femoral neck fracture. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil 16:21514593251330580","journal-title":"Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil"},{"key":"3997_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000002283","volume":"480","author":"A van de Kuit","year":"2022","unstructured":"van de Kuit A, Oosterhoff JHF, Dijkstra H, Sprague S, Bzovsky S, Bhandari M et al (2022) Patients with femoral neck fractures are at risk for conversion to arthroplasty after internal fixation: a machine-learning algorithm. Clin Orthop 480:2350\u20132360","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"3997_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5691","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-89974-2","volume":"15","author":"A Benady","year":"2025","unstructured":"Benady A, Yehiel N, Efrima B, Abdellatif A, Vidra M, Khashan M et al (2025) Risk assessment of femoral head AVN following reduction and fixation of intracapsular hip fractures in patients younger than 65 years over a 10 year follow up. Sci Rep 15:5691","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3997_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3099","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-023-05997-2","volume":"47","author":"W Bouaicha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bouaicha W, Jlidi M, Elarbi M, Mallek K, Jaziri S, Abdennadher A et al (2023) Surgical management of neck of femur fractures in patients younger than sixty-five years: a comparative study of three fixation methods. Int Orthop 47:3099\u20133106","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"3997_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2024.45.1.20230684","volume":"45","author":"HA Bukhary","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bukhary HA, Aljuaid FI, Alhomayani KM, Saati AA, Aldosari AM, Hammadi WA et al (2024) Treatment of non-displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures with dynamic hip and cannulated screws resulting in avascular necrosis: a comparative study of complications. Saudi Med J 45:54\u201359","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"3997_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2020.01.032","volume":"51","author":"K-H Shin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shin K-H, Hong S-H, Han S-B (2020) Posterior fully threaded positioning screw prevents femoral neck collapse in garden I or II femoral neck fractures. Injury 51:1031\u20131037","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3997_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1117","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20141124-60","volume":"37","author":"T Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang T, Sun J-Y, Zha G-C, Jiang T, You Z-J, Yuan D-J (2014) Analysis of risk factors for femoral head necrosis after internal fixation in femoral neck fractures. Orthopedics 37:e1117\u20131123","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"3997_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghanem W, Ezzeddine H, Saad R, Kiwan E, Dahdouh R, Fakih O et al. State of the nonunion: a review of the latest literature. Orthop Rev 2025;17:129085","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.129085"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3997_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.04.020","volume":"48","author":"BP Cunningham","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cunningham BP, Brazina S, Morshed S, Miclau T (2017) Fracture healing: a review of clinical, imaging and laboratory diagnostic options. Injury 48(Suppl 1):S69\u201375","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3997_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7348","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19127348","volume":"19","author":"W Konarski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Konarski W, Pobo\u017cy T, \u015aliwczy\u0144ski A, Kotela I, Krakowiak J, Hordowicz M et al (2022) Avascular necrosis of femoral head\u2014overview and current state of the Art. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19:7348","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"3997_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e42813","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000042813","volume":"104","author":"Z Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen Z, Zhang Z, Liu L, Wang Z, Zhong W (2025) The impact of removing cannulated screws after femoral neck fracture surgery on middle-aged and young patients. Med (Baltim) 104:e42813","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"key":"3997_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000003071","volume":"482","author":"D Jiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiang D, Zhu H, Cao J, Cai Q, Wu F, Li X et al (2024) Contralateral neck-shaft angle lower than 130\u00b0 is associated with clinical failure in nongeriatric individuals: analysis of the National femoral neck fracture database of 1066 patients. Clin Orthop 482:1801\u20131812","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"3997_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2021.04.039","volume":"36","author":"JS Honkanen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Honkanen JS, Ekman EM, Huovinen VK, M\u00e4kel\u00e4 KT, Koivisto M, Karvonen MP et al (2021) Preoperative posterior Tilt increases the risk of later conversion to arthroplasty after osteosynthesis for femoral neck fracture. J Arthroplasty 36:3187\u20133193","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"3997_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.23.00582","volume":"107","author":"BC Wagner","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wagner BC, Oliver WM, Bell KR, Scott CEH, Keating JF, White TO et al (2025) Outcomes for younger patients with femoral neck fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 107:678\u2013686","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"3997_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matsuo K, Hirohata T, Sugioka Y, Ikeda M, Fukuda A (1988) Influence of alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, and occupational status on idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Clin Orthop Relat Res (234):115\u2013123","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198809000-00021"},{"key":"3997_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.116.BJR-2021-0596.R1","volume":"11","author":"D Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu D, Fang H, Yu H, Liu P, Yang Q, Luo P et al (2022) Alcohol-induced Inhibition of bone formation and neovascularization contributes to the failure of fracture healing via the miR-19a-3p\/FOXF2 axis. Bone Jt Res 11:386\u2013397","journal-title":"Bone Jt Res"},{"key":"3997_CR28","first-page":"730","volume":"17","author":"S Takahashi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Takahashi S, Fukushima W, Kubo T, Iwamoto Y, Hirota Y, Nakamura H (2012) Pronounced risk of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head among cigarette smokers who have never used oral corticosteroids: a multicenter case-control study in Japan. J Orthop Sci Off J Jpn Orthop Assoc 17:730\u2013736","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci Off J Jpn Orthop Assoc"},{"key":"3997_CR29","first-page":"425","volume":"27","author":"Z Wen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wen Z, Lin Z, Yan W, Zhang J (2017) Influence of cigarette smoking on osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hip Int J Clin Exp Res Hip Pathol Ther 27:425\u2013435","journal-title":"Hip Int J Clin Exp Res Hip Pathol Ther"},{"key":"3997_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35446","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.35446","volume":"14","author":"I Konstantinidis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Konstantinidis I, Christidis P, Konstantinou P, Kostretzis L, Pinto I, Papadopoulos P et al (2022) The influence of smoking on healing of scaphoid non-union after a vascularized pedicle bone flap operation: a review and meta-analysis. Orthop Rev 14:35446","journal-title":"Orthop Rev"},{"key":"3997_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J L, S SR, O W, S M, M M, J N, et al (2023) The different strategies in treating displaced femoral neck fractures: mid-term surgical outcome in a register-based cohort of 1,283 patients aged 60\u201369 years. Acta Orthop [cited 2025 Aug 4];94. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37830901\/","DOI":"10.2340\/17453674.2023.20284"}],"container-title":["Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00423-026-03997-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00423-026-03997-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00423-026-03997-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T02:48:40Z","timestamp":1773802120000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00423-026-03997-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3997"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00423-026-03997-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1435-2451"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1435-2451","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University (Ethics Approval Number: XYFY2024-KL497-01).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"102"}}