{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:10:39Z","timestamp":1792782639770,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE)","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01zgy1s35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Langenbecks Arch Surg"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 are being evaluated for their use as supportive tools in oncological treatment planning. However, in pancreatic cancer, current studies are confined to predefined question\u2013answer formats, while studies specifically investigating real-world scenarios that benchmark LLM performance against multidisciplinary tumor board (MDT) decisions are lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective comparative analysis evaluated treatment and diagnostic recommendations for patients with newly diagnosed or suspected pancreatic cancer between an MDT and GPT-4. Using MDT referrals, clinical data were entered into a clinical data matrix and submitted to GPT-4 for therapeutic and diagnostic recommendations. Outputs were assessed before and after additional prompting with 41 high-ranking abstracts relevant to pancreatic cancer care. The primary endpoint was the concordance of recommendations between the MDT and GPT-4 before and after literature-based prompting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Between September 1, 2024 and March 31, 2025, 45 patients were enrolled. The overall concordance rate between the MDT and GPT-4 was 73.3% (\u03ba\u2009=\u20090.64,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and did not improve following literature prompting. Discordance most often occurred in complex clinical scenarios. Concordance was highest in cases of metastatic disease (90.0%) and in neoadjuvant settings (90.0%) while it was lowest in patients requiring additional diagnostic workup (50.0%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GPT-4 demonstrated substantial agreement with MDT recommendations in patients with newly diagnosed or suspected pancreatic cancer. However, specific abstract prompting did not enhance the rate of concordance and GPT-4\u2019s limitations in individualized or complex contexts underscore the need for a cautious future integration into oncologic workflows.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-026-04242-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T14:26:24Z","timestamp":1789655184000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Concordance between GPT-4 and a multidisciplinary tumor board in pancreatic cancer: A prospective pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"411","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4790-7440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiete","family":"Gehrisch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K\u00fcrsat","family":"Kirkg\u00f6z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonie","family":"Willner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faik G.","family":"Uzunoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Sinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Bardenhagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara R.","family":"Goetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Brandl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Nickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Nie\u00dfen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thilo","family":"Hackert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thilo","family":"Welsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"4242_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3634","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15143634","volume":"15","author":"O Partyka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Partyka O, Pajewska M, Kwasniewska D, Czerw A, Deptala A, Budzik M, Cipora E, Gaska I, Gazdowicz L, Mielnik A et al (2023) Overview of pancreatic cancer epidemiology in Europe and recommendations for screening in high-risk populations. 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